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Background: Cannabis is the illegal drug most frequently used by Minors in Austria. Due to the gradual decriminalization and legalization that has taken place in many European countries in recent years, the ÖGKJP would like to take a balanced and scientifically based stand on the complex issue of cannabis use and abuse among young people., Methods: The authors searched the medline for current studies using searches tailored to each specific subtopic. Furthermore, recognized compendiums were quoted., Results: While occasional recreational use of cannabis in adults with completed brain maturation and no risk profile for mental disorders is likely to be relatively harmless, early initiation of use with regular use and the increasingly available, highly potent cannabis varieties can lead to explicit and sometimes irreversible neurocognitive brain dysfunction., Conclusion: Legalisation of cannabis consumption for minors needs to be objected to due to the risks of the expected damage in the area of brain development. At the same time, however, it is important to establish sensible legal regulations in order to be able to adequately counteract the fact that over 30% of all European young people occasionally consume cannabis. We are also clearly recommending to not criminalize cannabis users and provide necessary support to vulnerable and addicted cannabis users., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

The humanized monoclonal anti-α4β7-integrin-antibody vedolizumab is one of several biologic therapeutic options in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Within the VISIBLE trial program, a novel subcutaneous application route was evaluated in addition to the already established intravenous form. In this position statement, the working group "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases" of the Austrian Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology (OEGGH) summarizes the evidence regarding the subcutaneous application of vedolizumab. This work supplements a position paper on the value of vedolizumab as a first-line biologic that has already been published and offers useful recommendations for clinical practice., Competing Interests: Die Autoren erklären, dass die Erstellung dieses Positionspapieres finanziell von TAKEDA Austria unterstützt wurde und dass der Erstautor (S.R.) innerhalb der letzten 3 Jahre Vortragshonorare von TAKEDA Austria erhalten hat., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

The treatment of peripheral nerve pathologies requires a rapid and precise diagnosis. However, the correct identification of nerve pathologies is often difficult and valuable time is lost in the process. In this position paper of the German-Speaking Group for Microsurgery of Peripheral Nerves and Vessels (DAM), we describe the current evidence for various perioperative diagnostics for the detection of traumatic peripheral nerve lesions or compression syndromes. In detail, we evaluated the importance of clinical examinations, electrophysiology, nerve ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurography. Additionally, we surveyed our members for their diagnostic approach in this regard. The statements are based on a consensus workshop on the 42nd meeting of the DAM in Graz, Austria., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

The article informs on the restoration of two turbines at the hydroelectric power station Kaplan turbines at the Sappi paper mill in Gratkorn, Austria by Geppert GmbH. It mentions that optimizations were also implemented on the generators, and the result is an increase in performance in the upper single-digit percentage range and a significantly improved environmental compatibility of the system.

Public safety (prevention of accidents) is the primary objective in assessing fitness to drive a motor vehicle. However, general access to mobility should not be restricted if there is no particular risk to public safety. For people with diabetes mellitus, the Führerscheingesetz (Driving Licence Legislation) and the Führerscheingesetz-Gesundheitsverordnung (Driving Licence Legislation Health enactment) regulate important aspects of driving safety in connection with acute and chronic complications of the disease. Critical complications that may be relevant to road safety include severe hypoglycemia, pronounced hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia perception disorder as well as severe retinopathy and neuropathy, endstage renal disease and certain cardiovascular manifestations. If there is a suspicion of the presence of one of these complications, a detailed evaluation is required.In addition, the individual antihyperglycemic medication should be checked for existing potential for hypoglycemia. Sulfonylureas, glinides and insulin belong to this group and are therefore associated with the requirement of a 5-year limitation of the driver's license. Other antihyperglycemic drugs without potential for hypoglycemia such as Metformin, SGLT‑2 inhibitors (Sodium-dependent-glucose-transporter‑2 inhibitors, gliflozins), DPP-4-inhibitors (Dipeptidyl-Peptidase inhibitors, gliptins), and GLP‑1 analogues (GLP‑1 rezeptor agonists) are not associated with such a time limitation.The relevant laws which regulate driving safety give room for interpretation, so that specific topics on driving safety for people with diabetes mellitus are elaborated from a medical and traffic-relevant point of view. This position paper is intended to support people involved in this challenging matter., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Epidemiological investigations have shown that approximately 2-3% of all Austrians have diabetes mellitus with renal involvement, leaving 250,000 people in Austria affected. The risk of occurrence and progression of this disease can be attenuated by lifestyle interventions as well as optimization of blood pressure, blood glucose control and special drug classes. The present article represents the joint recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association and the Austrian Society of Nephrology for the diagnostic and treatment strategies of diabetic kidney disease., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Radiofrequency denervation has been established for many years as an important minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of chronic pain conditions. Positive experiences of many users for various indications are contrasted by a nonuniform evidence. With meticulous patient selection and correct assessment of the indications a longer term reduction of pain, a reduced need for analgesics and an improvement in the quality of life can be achieved. The aim of this interdisciplinary position paper is to present the value of radiofrequency denervation in the treatment of chronic pain. The summarized recommendations of the expert group are based on the available evidence and on the clinical experiences of Austrian centers that frequently implement the procedure. The position paper contains recommendations on patient selection and proven indications. We discribe safety aspects, complications, side effects and contraindications.

Older adults are particularly affected by the current COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The risk of dying from COVID-19 increases with age and is often associated with pre-existing health conditions. Globally, more than 50 million-in Austria currently approximately 140,000 people-suffer from dementia. The co-occurrence of dementia as a "pandemic of old age" together with the COVID-19 pandemic has a double impact on persons living with dementia and their caregivers. The COVID-19 pandemic poses major challenges for individuals with dementia and their caregivers: (1) People with dementia have limited access to information on COVID-19, may have difficulties with protective measures such as wearing masks and in remembering safety regulations. (2) People with dementia live alone or with their family, or are institutionalized. To reduce the chance of infection among older people in nursing homes, Austrian local authorities have banned visitors to nursing homes and long-term care facilities and implemented strict social-distancing measures. As a result, older people lost face-to-face contact with their family members, became isolated and social activities stopped. Consequently, anxiety, stress and serious concerns about infections among staff in nursing homes increased and they developed signs of exhaustion and burnout during the full lockdown of the facilities. Thus, due to the emerging COVID-19 crisis, the Austrian Alzheimer Association (Österreichische Alzheimer Gesellschaft, ÖAG) and international societies developed recommendations to support people living with dementia and their caregivers on various issues of physical and mental health.

Recent epidemiological investigations have shown that approximately 2-3% of all Austrians suffer from diabetes with renal involvement, i. e. 250,000 people in Austria are affected. The risk of occurrence and progression of this disease can be ameliorated by life style interventions as well as optimization of blood pressure, blood glucose levels and special drug classes. The present article represents the joint recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association and the Austrian Society for Nephrology for the diagnostics and treatment strategies of diabetic kidney disease.

This paper is general statement about the psychosocial care of refugees, developed by the of the Austrian Society for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics as well as by the Austrian Society for Social Psychiatry. Reasons of recent wave of refugees and the usual mental disorders among refugees are described. The increasing number of refugees, asylum seekers and irregular migrants poses a challenge for mental health services in Europe. As a consequence, several expert recommendations were given. As a first step, basic needs of refugees such as regular housing facilities, sufficient nutrition and safety in everyday life should be met. Fast decisions about the applications for asylum and support of social integration through education and employment are essential for mental health. Provision of mental health care should be needs based as described by the intervention pyramid for mental health and psychosocial support as given by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee of the World Health Organization. In addition, culture-specific aspects must be considered in everyday clinical work and the training of health professionals.

Despite many positive developments, postoperative pain and its treatment is still not always given the necessary attention. Severe pain after surgical procedures affects a significant proportion of patients. This very fact is not only detrimental to the immediate recovery process, but can also form the basis for the development of chronic pain conditions.An adequate and effective management of perioperative pain requires appropriate organizational structures. This multidisciplinary paper which was initiated by the Austrian Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and the Austrian Pain Society and developed together with numerous specialist and professional societies dealing with the subject aims at supporting the organization of perioperative pain management structures and to make best use of proven concepts. Additional recommendations describe specific interventions for selected types of intervention.

In some cases terminally ill patients fear of prolonged dying and suffering can manifest itself in the voluntary refusal of food and fluids, aiming to accelerate the dying process. This represents a considerable area of conflict, because of the ethical responsibility to not aid a person's death but also to respect a patients autonomy.There is a clear separation between an assisted suicide and following a patient's wishes. Not to accept the voluntary refusal of FVNF would have to be considered as forced treatment of patients while they are capable of self-determination.Several symptoms associated with or caused by voluntary refusal of food and fluids do require palliative care. It is important to be aware, that caring for dying patients refusing food and fluids and accepting their choice is not synonymous with assisted suicide. Rather is it part of medical and nursing care for patients during their dying-process.An interprofessional working group of the Austrian Palliative Society (OPG) intends to shed light on the legal, ethical, medical and nursing related aspects concerning this subject of growing public and professional interest.

The article highlights the discussion regarding the influx of refugees from Hungary, measures to maintain neutrality, coordination with international organizations, and potential appeals to other countries for assistance. It mentions rumors of Austria's involvement in violating neutrality by supporting the Hungarian uprising through the smuggling of military personnel and volunteers.

This paper gives a proposal for a standardised agar diffusion susceptibility testing method with 25 micrograms fluconazole discs. The methodology compiles the results of several years of work to develop a reliable and reproducible routine-method for the microbiology laboratory. In this proposal, in addition, the critics and experiences of a collaborative study for susceptibility testing of fluconazole with 21 laboratories from Germany and Austria are included.

The use of ECMO to stabilize critically ill patients with severely depressed cardiac function and hemodynamics increased in the last years due to broader availability, better performance and easier implantation of the devices. The present guidelines of the Austrian Society of Cardiology focus on the use of ECMO in adult non-operated patients with cardiac diseases. Not only indications and contraindications are highlighted, but also the equally important issues of monitoring, complication management, measures during implantation and operation, and weaning of the devices are treated in detail. Thereby the present guidelines aim to optimize the use of ECMO in the individual centers, and aim to help current non-ECMO centers in developing a local ECMO-program or to contact ECMO-centers for discussion of individual patients.

Copyright of Studia Historica Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the 1920s, experiments with apparatus-supported lie detection and registration of expression were conducted at the Criminological Institute of the University of Graz in order to establish a sound methodological basis for testimony research. For this purpose, the criminologist Ernst Seelig used a method of lie detection developed by the psychologist Vittorio Benussi, which focuses on the analysis of breathing. Benussi had stated that the expiration after telling a lie was faster than after telling the truth, but Seelig could not verify this rule in forensic practice. Consequently, this method of lie detection was of no practical use for criminology. Seelig also carried out experiments with the method of registration of expression developed by the psychiatrist Otto Lowenstein. He registered the examinee's thoracic and abdominal breathing and the movements of the extremities with the help of a kymograph. By interpretation of the curves recorded on soot blackened paper, conclusions concerning the mental elements of an offence as well as the existence of certain dispositions and of amnesia should have been made possible. Seelig was convinced of the efficiency of this method. These experiments can be regarded as early attempts at finding not only simple facts but also answers to quasi-metaphysical questions concerning the "true nature" of man with the help of methods based on natural science and modern technology. Thus they are precursors of present-day neuroscience and neuro-imaging.

Arterial hypertension is one of the leading causes of overall mortality and is responsible for a high proportion of deaths due to stroke as well as coronary heart disease. It is defined as a pathological elevation of blood pressure which leads to damage of the cardiovascular system. Cut-off values for hypertension are defined as blood pressure levels higher than 140/90 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). In the pathogenesis of hypertension genetic factors, age and sex play a role, as well as body weight and lifestyle factors, such as nutrition and physical exercise. Lifestyle optimization reduces the risk of developing hypertension and contributes to the treatment in patients with established hypertension. Nutritional factors associated with hypertension are discussed in this article and recommendations regarding diet are made based on the literature. The nutritional factors with the highest impact on blood pressure are reduction of salt intake, a diet rich in potassium, weight management, the DASH (dietary approach to stop hypertension) diet and moderation of alcohol consumption. Salt restriction is essential in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Based on the literature, in this article recommendations for nutrition and hypertension are given.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in diabetic patients is frequent. Studies based on fecal elastase-1 measurement give prevalence rates of about 50 % in type 1 and 33 % in type 2 diabetic patients. Nevertheless, not all patients report typical symptoms like diarrhea, steatorrhea and weight loss. For indirect testing the determination of fecal elastase-1 has the highest sensitivity and specificity. This test should be performed at least in all symptomatic patients. For differential diagnosis celiac disease (with a prevalence of about 3-5 % of type 1 diabetic patients), autonomic neuropathy, but also diseases like irritable colon and gastrointestinal tumors have to be taken into account. Patients with symptoms and a fecal elastase-1 < 100 µg/g should be treated with pancreas enzymes in adequate daily doses administered at main meals. Treatment improves symptoms significantly, supply with fat soluble vitamins is normalised, risk for osteoporosis is reduced. An improvement of glucose metabolism is but not seen in all studies. A pancreatogenic diabetes, also termed as type 3c diabetes, has not primarily to be treated with insulin, often-at least initially-treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs is possible and sufficient.

Three facts made new guidelines for tuberkulin skin-testing in Austria necessary: the low incidence of tuberculosis, the stop of routinously performed BCG-vaccination in neonates and the increasing importance of infections with atypical mycobacterials. According to analogous guidelines in Germany, Switzerland, the USA, and other countries and related to the Austrian specifities in tuberculosis situation the authors present guidelines thought as a consensus-paper of the Austrian Societies for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis and for Pediatrics. The most essential guideline include that tuberkulin skin testing as a screening method with multiple puncture tests cannot further be recommended, and that the Mendel-Mantoux-test is the gold standard test. Only this test is sensitive and specific enough for case-finding and for giving indication to start a preventive or curative chemotherapy. The cut-off size of reactive areas for positive Mendel-Mantoux tuberculin-reaction are presented in this paper and also the consequences what is to decide in relationship to the test result.

The article surveys the history of the practice to collect and preserve private archives and personal papers of military officers and civilians involved in military policy and military affairs in the Kriegsarchiv (War Archives) in Vienna, Austria. The author focuses primarily on the period after the Second World War. Topics addressed include the relevance of personal papers to historiographical research on Austrian military history, the collection development philosophy of the Kriegsarchiv, and access control and user services of the archives.

The article announces a late September, early October 2010 joint conference of the Austrian Society for Sociology and the Swiss Society for Sociology at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, and announces two 2011 conferences on the sociology of film and on analyzing visual data.

The article surveys personal and family archives, particularly of the Austrian nobility, held at the Allgemeines Verwaltungsarchiv (General Administration Archives) of Austria in Vienna, Austria. The author explains the rationale behind collecting such archival materials in archives documenting government administrative activities, namely to supplement government records accidentally destroyed over the centuries. Collections mentioned include the archives of the Harrach family, of the Trautmannsdorff family, and the personal papers of former Austrian minister of justice Alexander Freiherr von Bach.

The article reports on how the Austrian National Library in Vienna, Austria is working on converting historical documents into digital documents, so that they can be published on the internet. The project is focusing on the daily newspapers that were published in the constituent lands of the Austrian Empire during the reign of the House of Habsburg, an Austrian royal ruling family, and is being financed by the ERSTE Stiftung, a foundation of the Erste Bank financial institution.

Copyright of SWS - Rundschau is the property of Verein fur interdisziplinare sozialwissenschaftliche Studien und Analysen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Movements: Journal für kritische Migrations & Grenzregimeforschung is the property of Movements and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bodenkultur: Journal for Land Management, Food & Environment is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bodenkultur: Journal for Land Management, Food & Environment is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GMS Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie is the property of German Medical Science Publishing House gGmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the morpho-syntactic variation of subjunctive II in Bavarian dialect regions of (former) Austria and focuses on language dynamics. The broad empirical basis comes from two different corpora: The first corpus consists of data from the "Dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria" (WBÖ), reflecting the base dialects of the first half of the 20th century. These data are supplemented by recent oral data that were elicited in project part 03 "Speech repertoires and varietal spectra" of the Special Research Programme "German in Austria. Variation -- Contact -- Perception" (DiÖ). Combining WBÖ and DiÖ, PP03 data, a real time comparison is carried out. For additional apparent time evidence, the internal variation within the two datasets is taken into account: While in the WBÖ data different registers are compared, variation in the DiÖ, PP03 data is analyzed with respect to different registers and different speaker groups (old vs. young). The WBÖ and the DiÖ, PP03 data provide empirical evidence that the -ad-marker that was initially restricted to weak verbs has exceeded its domain and is universally compatible with all verb classes. In connection with this, there is a decrease of strong synthetic subjunctive II forms. The real time as well as the apparent time findings indicate an increase of analytic subjunctive II constructions at the cost of synthetic forms. Furthermore, we find an expansion of the werdenperiphrasis, while the number of tun-subjunctives declines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until today, variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in the dialects of Austria have been poorly studied. Largely neglected by traditional dialectology, even more recent studies neither consider all dialect regions of Austria, nor do they go into detail about intra-linguistic factors. Furthermore, an integration into morpho-syntactic theories of language change is missing. This paper addresses the above-mentioned desiderata. Using an apparent-time design, it intends to uncover linguistic, geographical, and sociolinguistic factors of variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in Austria's dialects. In order to achieve these goals, a comprehensive corpus of direct dialect recordings is analysed by means of various quantitative methods (cluster analyses, factor analyses, mixed variance analyses). Data are based on the dialect translations of 21 verb forms by 163 speakers from 40 locations (3,430 tokens). Overall, results show that periphrastic variants spread in the Austrian dialects, in particular periphrastic forms with the täte-auxiliary. Meanwhile, synthetic forms lose importance (both strong and weak synthetic forms). Moreover, results reveal significant verb-related differences which cannot be explained by their belonging to inflectional classes, as previous studies suggested. Instead, the 21 verbs studied can be divided into six clusters reflecting different stages in the spread of periphrastic forms. In terms of linguistic geography, Austria is divided into three parts with regard to subjunctive II variation: an Alemannic region in the west, a northwestern Bavarian area, and a south-eastern Bavarian area. With respect to sociolinguistic factors, gender is hardly a relevant factor, whereas age turns out to be decisive. Younger speakers use periphrastic forms more often and synthetic variants less often. Finally, these empirical findings will be discussed against the background of the theory of Natural Morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Züchtungskunde is the property of Verlag Eugen Ulmer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the 1940s to 1960s, the German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) had a relatively high proportion of former Nazis among its employees. Reasons were a system of uncontrolled chain recruitment and the initially high esteem of "expertise" acquired in wartime. By taking over personnel from various agencies of the Third Reich, the BND acquired various inherent dangers for the institution and its public perception. This biographical micro-study explores, how a Nazi past was assessed within the BND during the Cold War. The process of evaluating individual incriminations allows conclusions about the BND's general perception of staff continuities between the Third Reich and the Federal Republic. Herbert Kukuk was an enthusiastic Nazi who made his career in central institutions of the NSDAP. The BND accepted that the 1947 hired employee provided only scanty information about his past and also tolerated obvious contradictions. This was typical for dealing with the Nazi past and did not change when perceptions in society regarding the recent past and the integration of former Nazis changed in the 1960s. Although Kukuk's pre-1945 occupations were known, he was consistently well evaluated and promoted. The Kukuk case makes clear that in the BND, awareness of the Nazi burden set in much later than in West German society, and the learning process, which the BND authorities followed hesitantly, dragged on until the 1980s. Methodologically, this paper emphasizes that biographical micro-studies can provide information about the evaluation criteria state authorities in West Germany and Austria after 1945 applied to an occupational biography during the Third Reich, and thus about changing perceptions regarding the integration of the Nazi functional elites in post-war societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft is the property of Oesterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft (Austrian Geographical Society) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)