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Argues that the usefulness of strictly quantitative research is still questioned in educational studies, primarily due to deficiencies in methodological training. Uses a critique of a recent study by Heitmeyer et al. (1995) to illustrate the requirements of "good" empirical research. Considers the problems of hypothesis testing in field research. (DSK)

Objective: Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a common filter technique used for pre-processing of electroencephalography (EEG) signals for imaginary movement classification tasks. It is crucial to reduce the amount of features especially in cases where few data is available. Therefore, different approaches to reduce the amount of electrodes used for CSP calculation are tried in this research.Methods: Freely available EEG datasets are used for the evaluation. To evaluate the approaches a simple classification pipeline consisting mainly of the CSP calculation and linear discriminant analysis for classification is used. A baseline over all electrodes is calculated and compared against the results of the approaches.Results: The most promising approach is to use the ability of CSP to provide information about the origin of the created filter. An algorithm that extracts the important electrodes from the CSP utilizing these information is proposed.The results show that using subject specific electrode positions has a positive impact on accuracy for the classification task. Further, it is shown that good performing electrode combinations in one session are not necessarily good performing electrodes in another session of the same subject. In addition to the combinations calculated using the developed algorithm, 26 additional electrode combinations are proposed. These can be taken into account when selecting well-performing electrode combinations. In this research we could achieve an accuracy improvement of over 10%.Conclusions: Carefully selecting the correct electrode combination can improve accuracy for classifying an imaginary movement task.

Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract This article focuses on the visual qualities of Alexander von Humboldt’s statistical tables in his Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain (1808–1811, 2nd ed. 1825–1827) with special attention to how such composites of numbers, alphabetical script, and semiotic elements relate to narrative writing. I argue that Humboldt’s tables/tableaus open up spaces inside his narrative that fragment the reading process, inviting new conversations, connections, and ideas. Resumen Este articulo entretiene con los atributos visuales de las abundantes tablas estadísticas incluyendo en el Essai politique sur le royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne (1808–1811, 2nd ed. 1825–1827) de Alexander de Humboldt, en especial con las relaciones entre las combinaciones de números, escritura y elementos semióticos (que Humboldt llama “tableaux”) y la propia narrativa. Obran estas relaciones una fragmentación del proceso de leer, abriendo dimensiones y espacios en que se podrían manifestar nuevas conexiones, conversaciones e ideas innovadoras. Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit den bildhaften Eigenschaften der vielen statistischen Tabellen in Alexander von Humboldts Essai politique sur le royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne (1808–1811, 2nd ed. 1820–1827), wobei meine besondere Aufmerksamkeit den Verhältnissen gilt, die diese aus Zahlen, alphabetischer Schrift und semiotischen Elementen zusammengesetzten Komposita (die Humboldt als Tableaux bezeichnet) mit der beschreibenden Erzählung selbst eingehen: In diesen Verhältnissen offenbaren sich nämlich Dimensionen oder Räumlichkeiten, die durch die visuelle Zerteilung des Textes stets weitere, neue Verbindungen, Gespräche und Ideen zu produzieren suchen

In Serbian historiography in the previous four decades, in which the state in which we live shrank more and more, and the names changed as many as four times, the continuity of scientific institutions and publications was more the exception than the rule. We can point out that one of the scientific publications, which has already become an institution in itself and which maintains continuity, is the journal “History of the 20th Century”. The initiative to establish the journal was launched in 1978, implementation began in 1982, and the first volume was published in October 1983. In a period of forty years, 74 volumes were published with 1,582 texts in them. Analyzing the structure of the texts by type, it is easy to conclude that original scientific papers (561) and reviews (569) are by far the most represented. Eight persons held the position of editor-in-chief. After Nikola Popović, who edited eight volumes from 1983 to 1987, Branislav Gligorijević was appointed editor. From 1992 to 1995, the editor was Smiljana Đurović, who was succeeded by Milan Vesović from issue 2/1995. Đorđe Borozan was the editor-in-chief in 2000 and 2001. From 2002 to 2004, the journal was edited by Kosta Nikolić. From issue 1/2005, the editorship of Bojan Dimitrijević began and lasted until the end of 2015. From 2016, the editorship of the journal was taken over by Dragomir Bondžić, who is still in that position. The author’s interest in certain topics changed over time. The works that dealt with the period between the two world wars were the most numerous in the first decade (1983-1992), but their percentage decreased over time. The situation is reversed with the texts that dealt with socialist Yugoslavia. In terms of the number of published articles, the topic of the Second World War is fairly evenly distributed throughout the periods of publication, but in terms of the share, there is a significant difference between the first decade of publication and the others. A total of 90 articles in foreign languages were published in the journal, 47 of which in the last seven years. A total of 403 authors published in the journal, of which 108 are foreigners. Among the authors, in terms of the number of texts written, the former editor-in-chief Bojan Dimitrijević, who was the author of as many as 90 texts, leads the way. In the past few years, the journal has significantly increased its international visibility by introducing a website, and also by including it in many index databases (ERIH PLUS, DOAJ, SCOPUS, WOS).

This paper investigates the sources of information and their quality as accessible to the government of the Federal Republic of Germany when trying to assess the situation of company funded pensions between 1949 and 1985 for the Company Pension Act of 1974. By taking a closer look at multiple government surveys as well as official statistics, the paper shows that the government only had very little access to verifiable and detailed information on the matter and relied largely on estimates. There were no coherent sources of information, and none were set up after the Act came into effect. The trend of a growing distribution and extent of corporate retirement plans from the late 1940s to the 1980s as seen in the government surveys is congruent with our findings. Furthermore, the Company Pension Act strengthened this already growing trend.

OBJECTIVE: A small percentage of acute pulmonary thromboembolisms (PTE) persist as chronic fibrin clots, potentially leading to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). A scoring system for evaluating the burden of acute PTE based on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) findings was tested for its association with CTEPH within one year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective cohort of 475 patients with a definitive diagnosis of acute PTE, the Qanadli score (QS) was calculated on the initial CTPA. Through regular follow-up over 1 year, symptomatic patients underwent extensive evaluation. RESULTS: Of the 475 patients enrolled in the study [age 58.3 ± 16.6, 195 (41.1%) female, QS: 13.01 ± 7.37/40], 321 patients completed the study. A total of 22 (6.8%) patients were definitively diagnosed with CTEPH. In univariate analysis, the initial QS was significantly higher in patients with subsequent CTEPH than in patients without (17 ± 5.6 vs. 13 ± 7.6, P = .009). QS was directly associated with CTEPH (odds ratio: 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.0-1.16, P = .042). The evolution of CTEPH in men could be predicted with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 54% when a cut-off point of 14.5 (43.5%) was set for QS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in this setting was 0.74 with a P-value of .032. Qanadli score failed to predict CTEPH in women. CONCLUSION: Scoring the clot burden in the pulmonary arteries through the Qanadli method can predict the evolution of CTEPH only in men 1 year after acute PTE. Women comprise most of the CTEPH patients. Thus, strict follow-up adherence seems to be even more important in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study reports the results of stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery treatment for brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with modern systemic treatment methods (immunotherapy, targeted agents, and current chemotherapy agents). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases who underwent stereotactic radio surge ry/fr actio nated stereotactic radiosurgery in the Radiation Oncology Clinic of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between February 21, 2019, and August 15, 2022. The study's primary endpoint was accepted as the lesions' response status after stereotactic radio surge ry/fr actio nated stereotactic radiosurgery. The secondary endpoint was accepted as the patients' intracranial progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: This study included 85 patients treated for 174 lesions. Their median follow-up was 6.6 (range: 1-42) months. Their median intracranial progression-free survival after radiotherapy was 5.3 (range: 1-33) months, and their median overall survival was 6.6 (range: 1-42) months. Concurrent immunotherapy was administered to 10 (11%) patients and targeted therapy to 8 (9%). Magnetic resonance imaging indicated that 14 (6%) patients had a complete response, 62 (35.6%) had a partial response, 10 (5.7%) had stable disease, and 23 (13.2%) had progressive disease. The complete response rate was significantly higher in patients receiving targeted therapy (P < .001; odds ratio = 0.0025, 95% CI = 0.006-0.109). Intracranial recurrence was observed in 28 (32.9%) patients after stereotactic radio surge ry/fr actio nated stereotactic radiosurgery: 7 (8.2%) were inside the radiotherapy field, 13 (15.3%) were outside the radiotherapy field, and 8 (9.4%) overlapped the radiotherapy field. Intracranial progression-free survival was higher in patients receiving concomitant immunotherapy (P = .028; hazard ratio = 0.107, 95% CI = 0.015-0.783). However, overall survival was higher in patients receiving targeted therapy (P = .035; hazard ratio = 0.217, 95% CI = 0.053-0.897). CONCLUSION: Using current systemic agents with radiotherapy for brain metastasis significantly affected post-radiotherapy intracranial progression-free survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the world. Pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of non-invasive ventilation, supplemental oxygen, and exercise training and supplemental oxygen during exercise training during pulmonary rehabilitation practice in comparison with only exercise training on lung functions, blood gases, lactate levels, respiratory muscle pressures, dyspnea, walking distances, quality of life, and depression in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The main outcome measure is exercise capacity (6-minute walk test), and the secondary end-point included quality of life. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients (mean ± SD age, 65.4 ± 6.5 years) with a mean bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration of 39.4 ± 7%, undergoing an 8-week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation, were randomized to either non-invasive ventilation, supplemental oxygen, and exercise training, supplemental oxygen during exercise training, or exercise training groups. The improvements in respiratory muscle strength were higher in non-invasive ventilation, supplemental oxygen, and exercise training patients than the moderate improvements in the exercise training group. Both non-invasive ventilation, supplemental oxygen, and exercise training and supplemental oxygen during exercise training groups showed significant increases in the 6-minute walk test and incremental shuttle walk test. However, the increase in walking distance was better in non-invasive ventilation, supplemental oxygen, and exercise training group (69.8 ± 53.2 m in 6-minute walk test and 66.6 ± 65.2 m in incremental shuttle walk test, P = .001 and P = .005, respectively) compared to supplemental oxygen during exercise training group (42.5 + 55.5 m in 6-minute walk test and 53.5 + 70.2 m in incremental shuttle walk test, P = .01 each, respectively). The total St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire score was similar in all study groups after the intervention. Symptoms of depression significantly improved only in non-invasive ventilation, supplemental oxygen, and exercise training group (-2.8 + 2.8, P = .006). CONCLUSION: Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) added to supplemental oxygen during exercise training was associated with better physiological adaptations than other modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Pleural fluid pH measurement is recommended for tube thoracostomy decisions in complicated parapneumonic pleural effusions. However, pleural fluid pH may be affected by blood pH in critically ill patients with common systemic acid-base disorders. We aimed to investigate the use of pleural fluid lactate to distinguish culture-positive parapneumonic effusions from other pleural effusions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective observational study included 121 eligible patients (51 female and 70 male). All patients with pleural effusion who underwent thoracentesis were assessed. Pleural fluid lactate was measured by a blood gas analyzer. RESULTS: Of the 121 patients, 30 (24.8%) were transudate and 91 (75.2%) were exudate. Of the 91 patients with exudative pleural effusion, 61 were diagnosed as culture-negative parapneumonic, 13 as culture-positive parapneumonic, 9 as malignant, and 8 as other exudative effusion. There was a strong positive linear association between serum pH and pleural fluid pH (R = 0.77, P < .001). The post hoc tests for pleural fluid lactate revealed there was a significant difference between culture-positive parapneumonic versus culture-negative parapneumonic groups (P = .004), culture-positive parapneumonic versus transudative effusion groups (P < .001), culture-negative parapneumonic versus transudative effusion groups (P = .008) and lastly; malignant effusion versus transudative effusion groups (P = .001). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis for culture-positive parapneumonic indicated a cutoff of 4.55 mmol/L for pleural fluid lactate to have a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 84.3% (positive predictive value: 37%, negative predictive value: 96.8%). CONCLUSION: A cutoff of 4.55 mmol/L of pleural fluid lactate can be used as a useful tool to distinguish culture-positive parapneumonic effusions from other effusions in critically ill patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with agent demotion and self-reference in German as an academic language used by non-native speakers. It examines two comparative corpora consisting of German language Master theses written by L1 and L2 speakers, it detects significant differences between the two groups. A comparison with a previous study of Bachelor theses shows that such differences diminish with increasing academic expertise. At Bachelor level, constructions that are rarely used by L1 speakers tend to be even less common with L2 speakers. At Master level, this effect seems to have waned. Apart from statistical analyses, the study also examines some forms of non-standard language use by the L2 speakers that may be traced to Polish influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: According to the Master Plan 2020, science education will play a critical role in future medical curricula. Science modules have already been implemented at many locations. Other medical faculties will follow in the next few years, as legislation is expected to make recommendations of the national competence-based learning objectives curriculum for medicine (NKLM) mandatory. This article aims to present an implementation example from epidemiology and biometry as a contribution to the didactic discussions within the data sciences in medicine. Project description: We report on our experiences with a data analysis project for second-year medical students, which has been compulsory at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences since 2019. The project is intended to train the scientific skills required from the subjects of epidemiology and biometry for student research projects. Emphasis is placed on responsible data handling, transparency, and reproducibility. For example, the writing of a statistical analysis plan is required prior to data access. Improved standardization of materials, optional use of the English language, and digital support will be implemented to help manage the project when student numbers increase. Discussion: The experience from five years is very positive, although a formal evaluation of the learning success is still pending. Current challenges concern staffing, additional time and supervision requirements for those students who do statistical programming with R, and improved integration into the medical curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although women have a long history of contributing to classical scholarship, they continue to be a minority both among faculty members and scholarly authors. In this paper, I compare the proportion of women employed at Classics departments in the US, Canada, UK, and Ireland with their proportion among the authors of a sample of English journal articles. While the overall institu­tional gender balance is approaching parity, women continue to be under­represented in senior positions, and progress seems to have stalled over the last ten years. In addition, my analysis of the L’Année philologique database demonstrates that while the share of articles written by women has greatly increased from 1970 to 2009, it has remained stagnant since, hovering just around the 28% mark. I hypothesise that the main reason for women’s con­tinued underrepresentation in Classical scholarship, apart from uncon­scious biases, is the disproportionate share of care responsibilities shouldered by women both within and without academia. In order to improve the situation, I propose a series of interventions to be taken by journal editors and university administrators, particularly the introduction of quotas.

Digital learning and teaching have become significantly more relevant for training, specialist training and advanced training because of the requirements during the Corona pandemic. This also applies to higher education. As a digital healthcare service provider, Thieme supports information and communication processes in medicine and related health and natural sciences for the benefit of young medical professionals, among others. In this article, we introduce via medici. Thiemes digital learning and teaching portal offers students and lecturers professionally tailored and practical content for all phases within medical studies: starting with the introduction to medical content in the pre-clinical and clinical phase, followed by practice-oriented knowledge and completed with hands-on preparation for the major state examinations using the original IMPP questions. Students can display the content in via medici in accordance with their university’s curriculum, among other things, and thus study in a focused manner throughout the term. Lecturers have the possibility to compile medical content from via medici for their students to prepare for or to follow up on courses and to combine it with their own teaching materials and other external content. via medici is thus more and more becoming an individual learning and teaching environment for universities. Thieme is increasingly focusing on the (further) development of digital products, offerings and solutions. In addition, traditional teaching media will continue to play an important role in the Thieme Group’s portfolio.

If one looks for linguistic information on the past subjunctive (Konjunktiv II) in Salzburg, there is not much to obtain. A few studies have commented on its morphology in dialect (Mauser 1998 und 2021a), the atlases of colloquial German (Eichhoff 1977--2000; Elspaß/Möller 2003--) provide some general insights as to the use of analytical forms, other studies aim at a broader scope on Bavarian dialects (e. g. Wiesinger 1989; Donhauser 1992). This article gives a first more detailed account. We present findings from a traditional dialectological investigation (relying on on-site interviews using a questionnaire) as well as a variationist analysis of online questionnaire data on colloquial Salzburg varieties. The dialectological analysis focuses on language-internal factors such as analytic vs. synthetic construction and variation of endings but also shows strong differences between the northern Flachgau, which surrounds the capital of Salzburg, and the remote and more rural southern Lungau. The online questionnaire allows for a quantitative inspection of the use of Konjunktiv II forms of brauchen, i. e. analytical vs. synthetical, (non-)use of umlaut, inflection with -ert/-at and -te. Statistical analysis shows that the participants' preferences correlate with their age, region of origin, degree of education, and mobility: Younger speakers indicate the use of analytical forms more frequently, and standard (or near-standard) forms are favoured by participants near or directly from the city of Salzburg and those of higher education and mobility. In the end, we will shortly discuss the comparability of our outcomes and future research avenues, especially with regard to the Salzburg region and its neighbouring dialect areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall of imperial authority and the decline of the Byzantine state at the end of the 12th century has its cause not only in foreign policy but also, to a large extent, in the family policy of the Komnenoi emperors. The “clan” system introduced during Alexios I’ reign and continued by his successors, connected the aristocratic elites with the imperial family by blood ties. In the 12th century, the composition of this group, linked by a complicated marriage network, underwent a significant transformation, which could be one of the most important factors of the later crisis. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First: distinguishing two groups of aristocrats within the Komnenos “clan” i.e. “core” Komnenos family and affine families. Second: determining their approximate numer during the 12th century. Relatively large amount of data about aristocratic elites of that period allows for statistical approach. Written sources and sigillography of the 12th century Byzantium is rich in information about high ranking persons. In addition, the Komnenos era has been thoroughly described in prosopographical works. This allows for counting the number of aristocrats and thus obtaining reliable results. Such an approach is not free from estimation and probability. However, the amount of information is sufficient enough to show the overall trends visible in the composition of the elites associated with the Komnenoi. The result of this study is a table that shows the tendency of the weakening of the Komnenos family in face of a constantly growing group of affine aristocratic families. This sheds a new light on the progressive collapse of the imperial authority after the death of Manuel I Komnenos, the key role of destructive actions of Andronikos I, and the weakness of the Angelos dynasty.

The aim of this article is to analyze the process of evaluation of Albanian literature in literary periodicals (print or online). The research aims to explain the nature of criticism of Albanian literature in accordance with three main periods of Albanian literary history (1920–1944; 1945–1990; 1991–present). The paper has a short chronological presentation of the main periodicals which deal with literature. It also deals with the reception of Albanian literature in old and new periodicals. Some of the most important research questions of this paper are: Is there a continuation in the critical approaches to Albanian literature from the beginning to the present? Do critics have a ‘critical’ interaction between them while they express their evaluation regarding literature? Who are the critics? Which is the core role of certain critics and periodicals? The methodology used in this paper embraces a historical, analytical, statistical and interpretative approach. The paper will be developed in two parallel sections. The first one will elaborate quantitatively official data related to the number of periodicals which deal with the evaluation of literature in its theoretical and critical aspects and the other section will describe, analyze and interpret the data. The research results tend to prove that the process of critical evaluation of Albanian literature has experienced similar characteristics with Albanian literature itself. The critical reflection or criticism has turned out to be a refracting process. The critical evaluations are marred occasionally by low levels of professionalism or political interference.

Although, there is no generally definition for the term “Emerging Markets”, there are two representative features for emerging countries. First, these markets are characterized by rapid growth which is usually expressed in terms of income levels and population. The term of emerging economies refers to nations with social and business activity in the process of fast growth and industrialization. Emerging markets countries are assumed to play a decisive role in international trade and finance as well as to contribute significantly to the global economic growth. Entering an emerging market is not easy. Opportunities in the emerging markets come with their own set of challenges. Doing business in Emerging Markets reflects the challenges and opportunities facing international businesses and professionals when operating in emerging markets. There is intense competition among emerging countries to capture their share of the global economy. Emerging markets are commonly considered relatively riskier than developed markets as they carry supplementary political, economical and currency risks. As a result, these markets could be good investments for diversification purposes. These economies are growing fast, so the information that is defining them is easily outdated as their structure is quickly evolving. My research contains a theoretical introduction, literature review and also applied statistics on a dataset. In this paper I apply linear regression using IBM SPSS Statistics in order to measure the profitability for 51 banks from China during the period 2016 to 2019. The purpose of my research paper is to analyze the profitability of Chinese banks using two important profitability indicators: Return on Assets and Net Profit Margin. ANOVA is used to verify if the regression model is a good fit for the data. Also, I present descriptive statistics that show a general overview for the variables. The variables that are in the center of analysis are Return of Assets and Net profit Margin. For a more detailed analysis, Pearson Correlation was performed in order to verify the association between the variables that are in the interest of my research paper.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A lexicometric analysis was performed with Hyperbase software, in order to capture the variations of Charles Darwin's six original editions of The Origin of Species, as well as of the French translations of the 1st, 3rd, and 6th editions. The source corpus is characterized by a greater homogeneity than the translated corpus, but the specificities identified point to salient elements of Darwinian thought and its evolution. The translated corpus, on the other hand, presents variations reflecting the translators’ choice and emphasizing that access to Darwin's thought for the French-speaking reader remains incomplete. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are also discussed.

In this study, based on unpublished archival sources found in the National Archives of the Republic of Moldova, the Russian State Historical Archives (St. Petersburg), the Russian State Military Historical Archives (Moscow) and the State Historical Archives of the Chernivtsi region (Ukraine), the author analyzes the demographic changes that took place in the Khotyn County in the second half of the 18th century - the first half of the 19th century, making some generalizations about his own monograph on the Khotyn County, which was published in 2018. Using statistical data collected and systematized by local regional authorities and submitted to the central authorities, the author examines the number, distribution and composition of the population and describes the changes that occurred during this period in Khotyn County. The statistics fixed the number of families at the time of the census or the time of data collection and contained concrete data on the total number of males and females for such social categories as peasants, clergy, mazili, ruptaşi, Gypsies, and Jews and about the economic situation of the village at the time of census. These data were of great interest to the tsarist government, especially when the Russian Empire was involved in armed conflicts in the Balkans, and Bessarabia, as a border and transit territory, was to provide the Russian army with everything necessary.

29 Ekim 1923 tarihinde Cumhuriyet ilan edildiğinde Anadolu’daki mevcut olan nüfusu bir bütünlük içerisinde ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla olması gereken düzenli çıktığı yıllarda ülke nüfusunun modern usullerle belirlenmesi önemli bir durum arz etmekteydi. Bu nedenle, 1927 yılında yapılan nüfus sayımı, ülke nüfusunun potansiyel yapısını ve özelliğini ortaya çıkarması açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmamızdaki amaç, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilanından sonra yapılan ilk nüfus sayımının neticelerinde BayazıtVilâyeti’nin nüfus yapısını birçok yönüyle ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bilhassa 1927 Nüfus Sayımı sonucunda Bayazıt nüfusu hakkında başta yaş yapısı olmak üzere; okuryazar sayısı, meslek grupları, dini inançlar, kullanılan diller ve buradaki halkın engellilik durumu gibi konularda birçok bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Bu bilgiler incelenirken, karşılaştırma yapmak amacıyla Bayazıt nüfusunun Osmanlı İmparatorluğu dönemindeki verileri de incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada yöntem olarak başta Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu verilerinden istifade edilmiş, ardından da konuyla alakalı olarak arşiv belgeleriyle araştırma ve inceleme eserleri incelenerek eser ortaya konulmuştur.

Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie Migration durch Statistik sozial relevant wird. Welche Kategorien kommen dabei zum Einsatz? Zuerst wird die historische und wissenssoziologische Perspektive erläutert. Im zweiten und dritten Teil werden historische Umbrüche in der Kategorisierung von Migration am Beispiel der amtlichen Statistik im Deutschen Kaiserreich und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland skizziert. Der Fokus verschob sich von Migration als Ein- und Ausreisebewegung zu Migration als Alteritätszuschreibung (gestützt auf die Kategorie »Migrationshintergrund« ab 2005). Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im letzten Teil gezeigt, wie sich vergangene und aktuelle Kategorisierungen von Geflüchteten mit der Migrations- und Integrationssemantik verbanden bzw. verbinden. Über die Rekonstruktion der semantischen Brüche und Kontinuitäten hinaus dient die historische Kontextualisierung dem Ziel, heute gängige Kategorien für Migration und Flucht besser reflektieren zu können, die in der Wissenschaft, Politik und Verwaltung verwendet werden. * * * How do statistics contribute to the social making of migration? What categories are involved in this process? The first part of the article outlines the historical and sociological perspective on knowledge adopted here. In the second and third parts, historical ruptures and continuities in migration categorisation are traced, looking at official statistics in the German Empire and the Federal Republic of Germany. In the German Empire, migration was used in official statistics as a category describing the movement and mobility of people. Since 2005, the term ›migration background‹ (Migrations­hintergrund) has been used in Germany as a category for the description of people themselves. The final part of the article therefore analyses the connections between this semantics of migration and integration on the one hand and past and present categorisations for refugees on the other. Besides reconstructing historical and semantic shifts, the paper aims to historically contextualise and thus reflect on the categories that are used to speak about migration and flight in research, administration and politics today.

In the present study, based on a rich factual material, the author analyzes two types of historical sources for studying the demographic and socioeconomic issues of Bessarabia in the modern era – lists of the population (especially fiscal lists) and official Russian statistics. The author emphasizes that when investigating a particular issue, the historian / researcher uses various historical sources, and lists of the population and statistical documents are important sources for studying the history of Bessarabia.

Copyright of Revista de Filología Alemana is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Project planning and management accounting of all factors, in terms of multitasking and spontaneity of project man-agement, the task is very voluminous and complex, especially in isolation from the methodological and instrumentation. Calculation of indicators and statistical metrics, and strategies, the decision maker may be biased or incorrect character, and one can’t exclude the human factor. In such a perspective, it was decided to automate the process of statistical anal-ysis and probabilistic forecasting to help the decision-maker, as much as the right choice of strategic and project plan-ning. The problem is solved by means of the development of the project management system for the companies of the areas of information technology. One of the most important features of the development of a module statistical and probabilistic analysis based on Bayesian networks. The use of the proposed tool and methodological complex, will pro-vide a high level of optimization of the allocation of time to work processes and will increase the degree of correctness and continuity of decisions taken by the project manager.

Nowadays knowing foreign languages is a must. The children learn more languages at the school, so it does not matter what kind of books they use. The aim of our paper is to present the data of the Hungarian official list of textbooks from the last 17 years. The lists contain textbooks, exercise books and other things. This survey is about the publishers, the rate of the authors with presumed to be German and Hungarian native speakers. The results show that the change of the textbooks ‘German as foreign language’ and these results can lead to other international comparisons.

The AIMS (African Institute of Mathematical Sciences) supports the higher mathematical education of African Master students by providing postgraduate courses, which are taught by lecturers from both local and international institutes. This report reflects the author’s own experi; it aims to motivate lecturers to offer courses or supervision of research topics for AIMS students.

The availability of administrative data and official statistics data for (basic) research becomes increasingly a determinant for the competitiveness of a country's research capabilities. This is particular true for the social sciences including economics as well as health research and could provide an important contribution for evidencebased politics and public administration. In Austria, the greatest challenges are the unclear and uneven legal situation and political resistance against a more open and better structured access to registry and statistical data for science. From an international perspective, the accessibility of administrative data is self-evident and state of the art in many European countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reopens the debate on the choice of the methods in the analysis of the language. He proposes, apart from the classical methods of analysis, to more direct us towards sciences and more particularly the statistics with an aim of giving interpretations much more objective facts of language.

Incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer (C53 by ICD-10) have to be corrected significantly upwards after excluding the women from the reference population whose uterus was removed surgically. The current study is based on the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) according to which the prevalence of hysterectomy in Germany in 2011 among women aged over 18 years was 17.4%. As per age pattern of this prevalence the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer are corrected. Maximal corrections can be found women of 70-79 years. In this age group the incidence rate is corrected from 13.6 to 22.5 by 65.4%, the mortality rate from 7.5 to 12.4 by 65.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the development and status quo of repositories in Austria, which have received an important impulse by the project e-Infrastructures Austria. While in the years following the "Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Scientific Knowledge" (2003), mainly the areas of publications and Green Open Access were dealt with, but recently research data has become increasingly popular, especially in the context of initiatives like the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). This upturn is also reflected in the ongoing increase in the number of Austrian repositories listed in the Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) and the Registry of Research Data Repositories (re3data.org). By means of statistical evaluations it was ascertained which types of documents are included in these repositories, which academic disciplines they represent, the extent of their content, which software is used, whether already existing interfaces (such as OAI) are available and which policies are being followed for the respective repositories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elucidates current position of customs statistics of Ukraine. The stages of customs statistics development are highlighted.The role and place of customs statistics in the system of statistical sciences are signed out. Recommendations regarding separation statistics of smuggling and customs violations, as a new branch specialized in customs statistics are provided.

This article examines the history of the origin and development of customs statistics in Ukraine. Stages of its formation are characterized and singled out. The role and place of customs statistics in the state regulation of the Ukrainian economy and making of managerial decisions are determined.