Search

The paper deals with the topic of eugenics ("Erbgesundheitslehre" or "Rassenhygiene") among the Germans in Romania, which was mainly carried by Transylvanian Saxon actors. Based on Tudor Georgescu's monograph The Eugenic Fortress: The Transylvanian Saxon Experiment in Interwar Romania (2016), the topic is analyzed in depth for the 1920s. Using Heinrich Siegmund's Sächsisches Wehr- und Mehrbuch, which was published in 1914 and in a revised form in 1922, as well as other source examples, it is shown that the eugenic discourse was not only a transfer from the "West" to Transylvanian Saxony, but took on a specific form. The central actors of the biopolitical discourse among the Transylvanian Saxons, especially Heinrich Siegmund and later Alfred Csallner, acted in an interpersonal and intertextual network, especially one supported by institutions, that was primarily connected to Germany--the exchange on eugenics was thus a reciprocal process, not an exclusively one-sided "import" from the "West." However, it is further noted that there was relatively little demonstrable exchange with Romanian and Hungarian eugenicists. The implementation of the teachings of eugenics was intended to counter a demographically induced decrease in the population of the German minority. The main target was the younger generation, especially in rural areas--this milieu was seen as having the best chances of resisting the "decline" by means of biopolitical measures. On the one hand, the analyzed discourse reveals the intertwining of traditional and contemporary topoi; on the other hand, a radicalization of biopolitical concepts can be seen parallel to political developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper begins by discussing the loyalty-faith-betrayal triad in relation to the Crown, the empire, and one's one nation, and then it proceeds to analyze the situation of the Banat region in the aftermath of World War I and the attitude of the local German population towards the tumultuous events that took place after November 1918. Among the elements thus highlighted we find the confusion experienced by the region's multiethnic population (Romanians, Germans, Serbs, and Hungarians), the intervention of the Entente forces, as well as the attempts made by the authorities in Budapest to maintain control over Banat--among other things, by trying to set up an administrative unit of Banat sometimes referred to as a "republic," which was never actually proclaimed, was never granted international legal status and never acquired its own institutions or distinct legislation, and was therefore ephemeral and practically non-existent. The authors then examine the options available to the German population in what concerned their chances of still living as Germans in a land they had profoundly shaped in economic and cultural terms for the past 200 years, at a time what the Romanians had clearly opted for a union with Romania, the vacillations of a population that included a modest intellectual class between the old loyalty towards the Hungarian state, the loyalty towards one's own community (amid the renewed hope of a German revival), and also the loyalty expected by the Romanian state (of which they knew little, and the little they knew tended to be mostly negative), without forgetting the decision--otherwise influenced by the Saxon leaders (Rudolf Brandsch)--to accept the union with Romania and to support this decision at the Paris Peace Conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the glass vessels and mosaic beads with face masks from sites of the Sântana de Mureş-Chernyakhov culture in Eastern Romania, i. e. Vaslui County. 84 glass vessels of different types are listed in the database (developed according to the project Corpus der römischen Funde im europäischen Barbaricum), dating from the end of the 3rd to the beginning of the 5th century AD (especially the Kowalk and conical faceted beakers). In the cemetery of Bârlad-Valea Seacă was found the largest number of glass vessels (50 %). Only by continuing with such complete catalogues for all the neighbouring regions we can get an overview of the socio-economic relations, the technologies and the area's trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the Papers of the International Colloquium of Romance Civilizations, Literatures and Languages (Bucharest, 14--27 Sept. 1959)--held under the aegis of the Romanian National Commission for UNESCO and of the Academy of the Popular Republic of Romania--as well as on an unpublished document from the private archive of Alphonse Dupront, the present article describes the visit to communist Romania made by the Sorbonne historian, the former director of the French Institute in Bucharest (1932-1940/1941). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes archaeological excavations in the Bandkeramik settlement of Olteni in Transylvania. Remains of early Neolithic longhouses were discovered, which are the first evidence of such structures in Romania. The ceramic finds allow dating the site to the later Notenkopf phase of the Linearbandkeramik. In addition, Olteni yielded the most extensive collection of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic sculptures in the entire Eastern Bandkeramik milieu. The excavations also included traces of the Boian and Precucuteni I cultures, as well as an Iron Age cemetery. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper I will present the customs regarding the Hungarian reformed funeral songs in the area by the stream Nádas, an area that is located in the heart of Kalotaszeg in Romania. The paper follows a theoretical and a practical thread. In the theoretical part I examined the funeral song-material of old Hungarian song collections, while the practical part describes my visits to a number of villages with significant folk traditions, inhabited by Hungarians, where I collected and summarized the musical traditions associated with funerals. In this paper I will shortly report on my findings, observations and experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper was presented within the 13th International Conference of German Studies in Brasov and aims at the analysis of myths during the Ceausescu regime and their literary representation in three texts written by the author during the late eighties and published at the beginning of 1990 in the literary magazine “Neue Literatur” (Bucharest). The analysis is based in the idea that any dictatorial system needs specific myths, such as that of the heroic leader. The paper points out, the way in which German language writers in Romania could successfully reverse such a myth by means of irony and the grotesque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to analyze those procedures, compositional techniques and means of artistic expression of Franz Liszt, which are aimed to reflect and to embody the ethical and aesthetic values of macabre and obstiné. The analyzed opuses are four piano dances, dating from Liszt's late composition period. The piano pieces are: Csárdás macabre, Csárdás obstiné, Mephisto-Walzer Nr. 3 and Bagatelle sans tonalité. These laconic, concentrated and bizarre compositions show also a diabolical virtuosity, due to their Mephistophelian program. A few of the compositional techniques used for the musical expression of the macabre and obstiné character are already known from the Wiemar-period, but there are a few new lisztian procedures, which occur in these late pieces, and which increase progressively the distances between his style and Romanticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate, based on a special digital program containing the lists of telephonic customers from 2005 in Germany, that the family names and ethnonyms Sass/Saß in German, the Romanian Sas, Sas(s)u, Sascu, the Hungarian S(z)asz, whose origin is first of all the name of the old tribe of Northern Saxons (Nieder)sachsen (old German sahso, middle German sachse, northern German sasse), based on this, the German colonists who came in Transylvania in the 12th century were called in Latin Saxones, in German Siebenbüger Sachsen, in Romanian saşi, their geographic spreading in Germany is different due to the fact that, in the case of names such as Sass/Saß, we can speak about indigenous names, formed on the territory of Germany, especially in northern lands Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein (see Map 1), while in the second case, we are dealing with names having a foreign origin (Romanian or Hungarian) that appeared in Transylvania and then reached Germany due to the phenomenon of migration from east to west, specific to the 20th and the 21st centuries for political-economic reasons (spreading in the richly industrialized lands of Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Hessen and Nordrhein-Westfalen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a conference on the connection between sports and nationalism in historical perspective, held in Prague, Czech Republic, from June 28-30, 2012. Papers and discussions revolved around the political aspects of sports, exemplified with such case studies as soccer in Denmark during the German occupation in World War II, the participation of the Soviet Union in the 1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki, Finland, and international soccer matches between Hungary and Romania from 1936-2009.

The present article studies the language plays within the German poetry in Romania during the 1970s. The paper focuses on the language plays resulting from both intertextuality and hypertextuality as well as on the deconstruction of the poetic language by the use of language in rhyme, alliteration, homophony and homonymy. The study researches what significance language plays have for the German poetry of Romania during 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From an administrative point of view, Sighiştel village belongs to Câmpani town. As geographic location, Sighiştel is placed in the South-East corner of Bihor County, at the foot of Apuseni Mountains, at 27 Km South-East of Beiuş city (Pl. I/1). Sighiştel Valley (Pl. I/2) is one of the most interesting speological locations from Romania. The concentration on a valley, of only 9 km length, over 150 caves, most of them difficult to reach, is in addition to a national record in terms of endokarstification an attraction for any mountaineers. The entry into this valley is made through a wide "gate"; into the inferior sector the valley turns into a real canyon. The debut of the valley is marked to the left by Ţibocoaia Hill and to the right by Corbeasca Hill. This area is known in archaeological literature, particularly through the research of N. Vlassa, made at the end of the sixth decade of the XXth century. Archaeological discoveries were made in four caves; particularly the Coţofeni culture is well represented. Towards the end of 2008, being interested in Early Iron Age pottery from the current radius of the Arad municipium and seeking the artifacts discovered here, I came across, in the Arad Museum collections, with an interesting recipient. The bitronconic vessel contained 10 animal bones, whit a paper record card in which were written the essential dates of the discovery. In March 2009, M. Besesek, the president of Speowest Arad, a speleological association, donated to Arad Museum some ceramic fragments discovered in "Dâmbul Colibii" cave. Tunelul Uscat Cave, with 3425/129 cadastral number, is located on the right side of the Sighistel Valley at 390 m absolute altitude and 15 m relative altitude. It has a unique, low gallery, beautiful concretioned, with two entries. The gallery has a length of 50 m and a positive out of level of 0,5 m. The recipient is almost intact (Pl. II/6; III/1), only a part of the rim is missing. More than half the diameter shows a cleft. The rim is everted, with large mouth, short neck, bitronconic body and flat footring. The decoration is placed on the maximum diameter of the body, and it consists in tight channellings. Between these channellings are interposed four vertical knobs. The paste is tempered with sand. Burning is reductant. On the inside the color is brick-red and on the outside is black. On the lower part of the body the recipient is covered with ferrous oxide. Dimensions: mouth diameter: 21 cm; body diameter: 45 cm; footring diameter: 13,2 cm; height: 33,5 cm; paste thickness: 0,7 cm. As a first observation, the cave it should not be included in the category of those used as a habitation because of its small size and precarious accessibility, so we must eliminatefrom the start the fact that this cave was used for habitation. Due to lack of information regarding the character of the discovery, a number of important elements cannot be known, such as the exact place of the findings, both the vessel and the animal bones, or if the bones were retained in the vessel or around it. Taking into consideration all these data, the archaeological findings from this cave can be regarded as offerings. In order to deposit the offering were slaughtered three different animal types, sheep, cattle and bird. Its worth noted that the chunks were extremely poor in meat (Pl. V/1-2). The bitronconic recipient form, discovered in „Tunelul Uscat” Cave, with everted rim, short neck, bitronconic body, flat footring, has very good annalogies at Şuncuiuş „Peştera Ungurului”. The discoveries from Şuncuiuş are characterized through the spreading of wide and oblique channellings. This ornament marks the end of Igriţa cultural group; from the chronological view this represents the second half of HA1, eventual the first half of HA2. Both Igriţa group and Gáva discoveries are characterized by the ceramic coloristic differences, red or brick-red on the inside and black on the outside. From the chronological point of view, the both cultural entities, Igriţa and Gáva, fill the gap between BD-HB1. After the end of Gáva culture this type of ceramics almost disappears. We must mention the fact that the single element of chronological framing of the “Tunelul Uscat” discovery is the bitronconic recipient. This type of recipient is not suitable for a tight chronological framing. Beside form and ornamentation, the brick-red inside and black color on the outside helps us to restrict the chronology; taken this into account the lower limit is HB1. The upper chronological limit represents the Şuncuiuş „Peştera Ungurului” deposit (HA1/HA2); in which this type of ornament is not known. Given the arguments presented above, we can say that the offering from this cave belongs to the chronological horizon framed between the end of HA1/first half of HA2 and HB1. Dâmbul Colibii Cave. At the begining of 2009, M. Besesek found in this cave a few pottery sherds (Pl. II/1-5). On the conditions of the discovery, the pottsherds were found in the cave portal at the ground surface. Since the appearance of Igriţa group on the archaeological scene, was stressed the chronological link between these findings and those from Susani or Bobda. With the emergence of Igriţa elements at Româneşti and the discovery of bronze deposits from Zăgujeni and Cornuţel, was launched the idea of the genetic links between Igriţa and Susani groups. Thus by the discovery of Cornuţel (first half to middle HA1), M. Gumă saw the link between Valea Timişului II / Susani „Deluţ” / Româneşti chronological horizon and Susani group. With these data available, there was only a step towards assigning to Igriţa group, along with late Balta Sărată elements and pannonic late tumuls elements, a genetic role of Susani group. One of the common elements of the Igriţa and Susani group is the flat cup, with large mouth, high-drawn strap handle, decorated on the interior with tight channellings disposed in a stat shape. This type of cup can be found in both cultural areas and in the same time represents a well dated element. Star shape interior decoration can be found on a series of cups or bowls at Şuncuiuş „Peştera Ungurului”, Susani „Grămurada lui Ticu”, Debrecen „Nyulas”, Debrecen „Haláppuszta” or Köröm „Rákóczidomb”. The discoveries from Şuncuiuş „Peştera Ungurului” are representing the final phase of the Igriţa group. It is not surprising that here were found the most numerous exemplars of flat cups. The final phase of Igriţa group is contemporaneous with Susani (the second half of HA1, eventually first half of HA2 On the basis of star shape decoration (Pl. II/5), of wide and oblique channellings we can associate the discoveries from „Dâmbul Colibii” cave with the one from Şuncuiuş „Peştera Ungurului”, in chronological terms this horizon express the final half of HA1/first half of HA2. Therefore the final phase of Igriţa group is marked by the findings from „Cioclovina Cave”, Şuncuiuş “Peştera Ungurului” and Şighiştel „Dâmbul Colibii”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, treatment of hazardous waste requires that a hazardous waste permit be received before the treatment can be done. "Treatment" covers a broad spectrum of activities, almost anything that can be done to a hazardous waste prior to disposal. Fortunately, under a limited set of circumstances, generators are allowed to treat their own hazardous wastes without first going through the complex regulatory process of getting a hazardous waste permit. The broadness of this definition, though, creates many areas of confusion about when a hazardous waste treatment permit is required and when a particular activity is excepted from requiring a treatment permit. The paper analyses the possibilities of treatment of hazardous waste in world and Romania, for storing dangerous waste and suggests some viable solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the concept of civil society the author analyzes the complex changes occurred in Romania following the events of 1989. Attention is paid to the difficult implementation of authentic democratization measures, at a time when many members of the old regime maintained leading positions in the state and when the society in general lacked a political culture of its own. The author also highlights the importance of establishing an authentic civil society, one that would keep under close scrutiny political authorities still unused to having a public debate on their initiatives. In this respect, the paper mentions the role played by the organizations of the civil society and by the mass media in the establishment of a democratic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term fertilization experiments in Romania were started by Hera and Borlan in the 1960s. The experiments have a relatively simple bifactorial experimental design with the following treatments: 5P x 5N rates, 4NP x 4K rates, 4NP x 4 farmyard manure rates. The experiments are placed in 11 sites with representative pedo-climatic conditions. This paper presents some relevant results obtained in these experiments located on acid soils of the Agricultural Research Station Livada. (1) Liming considerably contributed to the realisation of yield. (2) To maintain the pH-value between optimal range the annual application of 0.8 t∙ha-1∙a-1 CaCO3 is necessary. (3) Acidification produced by atmospheric factors in the last 40 years was strong. (4) Fertilization and liming have significantly modified the Corg content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]