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During the archaeological research conducted in 2019 under the project “The Former Headquarters of the Gestapo and the Communist Provincial Office of Public Security in Anstadt Avenue in Łódź. Interdisciplinary Site Research” under the supervision of Dr Olgierd Ławrynowicz, an object filled with products on a paper base and bookbinding materials was found in one of the excavations. This paper attempts to clarify the chronology of paper products and to identify their type (typescripts, prints of monetary value, books, bookbinding materials, arrangement drawings, other paper products) and the material used. The visible content was identified using basic research methods and digital photographic documentation of it was made to preserve it.

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This paper is picking up the assumption, that youth was 'discovered' at the beginning of the 20th century as an own life stage as well as a kind of aesthetic energy that inspired people of every age and class to cultivate an idealistic sentiment and attitude. In this context, the essay is posing the question in which way Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster (1869-1966) and his pedagogical thinking have contributed to this discovery. Thereby, the paper can also be understood as an input - among others - to close the research gap on Foersters educational theory. There are two main focuses: The first one lies on his comprehension on education as 'self-education' of the youth, which is allowed by their natural force. Because nature is disordered, 'self-education' needs - this is the second aspect - an idealistic orientation: the Christian faith. On the way to clarify his concept of 'self-education', that was inspired by the United States 'progressive education', and to curve out the role of the Christian tradition, the essay compares Foerster with John Dewey (1859-1952). At last, this exploration leads not only to the result, that the heritage of Christianity was meaningful for both but also, that this Christian influence gave their concepts of 'new education' - in contrast to others - some precise criteria, so that they were able to deal with 'normal' young people (instead of the 'holy child') and to resist fascism or socialism. But this doesn't mean, that Foersters educational concept was exempt of ambivalence in a pedagogical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper deals with the problem of the Hebrew term קָדֵשׁ. It is usually associated with temple prostitution in Ancient Israel, although evidence for temple prostitution in Israel is missing. After a summary of the myth of sacred prostitution, as it was 'invented' by researchers of the 19th and 20th century, the paper gives an analysis of the ten instances in the Old Testament where the term occurs. Instead of a conclusion, the author offers a thesis about the origin and use of the term קָדֵשׁ. Originally a broad term for priestly personnel, it developed into an insult, which has more sexual than cultic connotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the morpho-syntactic variation of subjunctive II in Bavarian dialect regions of (former) Austria and focuses on language dynamics. The broad empirical basis comes from two different corpora: The first corpus consists of data from the "Dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria" (WBÖ), reflecting the base dialects of the first half of the 20th century. These data are supplemented by recent oral data that were elicited in project part 03 "Speech repertoires and varietal spectra" of the Special Research Programme "German in Austria. Variation -- Contact -- Perception" (DiÖ). Combining WBÖ and DiÖ, PP03 data, a real time comparison is carried out. For additional apparent time evidence, the internal variation within the two datasets is taken into account: While in the WBÖ data different registers are compared, variation in the DiÖ, PP03 data is analyzed with respect to different registers and different speaker groups (old vs. young). The WBÖ and the DiÖ, PP03 data provide empirical evidence that the -ad-marker that was initially restricted to weak verbs has exceeded its domain and is universally compatible with all verb classes. In connection with this, there is a decrease of strong synthetic subjunctive II forms. The real time as well as the apparent time findings indicate an increase of analytic subjunctive II constructions at the cost of synthetic forms. Furthermore, we find an expansion of the werdenperiphrasis, while the number of tun-subjunctives declines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article focuses on the aspect of family in the period after the First World War as portrayed in Georg K. Glaser's novel Secret and Violence (Geheimnis und Gewalt). The novel depicts the division of a family caused by the brutality of the father, who has returned from the war and has become completely estranged from his family. The paper finds a parallel between the plot of the novel and the political and social events that unfolded in Germany during the first half of the 20th century, which split society and thus often caused a complete alienation among people. In the novel, the Weimar Republic is presented as a battleground of progressive and radically ideological forces, whose success the study seeks to elucidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If one attempts to establish periods of the development of German poetry in the 20th century, the year 1945 proves to be rather an ambivalent date. On the one hand, the political upheaval clearly had its effects on poets; on the other hand, a strong continuity can be observed in the style and subject-matter of many works written in the 1930s and the 1940s or even later. The aim of this paper is to show whether and how the year 1945 influenced German-language poetry by examining texts written by authors as different as Nazi-sympathizer Hans Egon Holthusen, resistance fighter Albrecht Haushofer, authors of the so-called ‘Innere Emigration’ – Gottfried Benn, Marie Luise Kaschnitz and Günter Eich – and by taking into account the famous poem about the Shoa, Death Fuge by Paul Celan, who emigrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I explore the case of Carl Heinrich Becker (1876-1933), an early-twentieth-century Orientalist who turned politician and served in the Prussian ministry of cultural and educational affairs in various positions from 1916 to 1930, from 1925 as cabinet minister. The paper discusses Becker's interactions with fellow scholars; the aesthetic programs underlying his and his colleague's philological work and sense of political values; his programmatic political proclamations; and a batch of unpublished poetry preserved in his archives. I propose to analyze Becker's career in terms of different identitarian constructions that have to do with academic "tribes and territories". Drawing on the work of Claude Levi-Strauss, I propose a model of how these identitarian constructions were related to each other in a system of asymmetric interdependence. In the terms set forward by this proposal, it then seems attractive - as well as instructive in a larger context – to regard Becker's seemingly idiosyncratic political orientations and sense of self as actual functions of his ambiguous position as a go-between of the academic and political systems in interwar Prussia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"It was a different smell than in other parts of the town". On the Emotionalized Sensescape of Lublin's Old Town during the Twentieth Century. This paper is sniffing out the atmosphere and reputation of the Old Town of the Polish city of Lublin throughout the twentieth century. Nosing into the sensory experiences with Lublin's historical city centre as recalled by its inhabitants, the contribution takes a closer look at the complex emotional relationality of Lublin's inhabitants and the Old Town neighbourhood, triggered by sensory encounters, and analyses the sensory and mental mapping of a nogo area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Volkskultur' between Science and Society: A Critical History of the Concept. This paper analyses the concept of 'Volkskultur' (folk culture) as an invention of the 20th century, using perspectives from social history and the history of knowledge. It is demonstrated how 'Volkskultur' was constituted in the space between the poles of science, cultural policy, public discourse and popular practice, and how the concept was used as a symbolic resource. First, the disciplinary discourse of German-speaking European Ethnology (which grew out of 'Volkskunde') is explored in it's interdisciplinary relations and it's historical development. Second, conceptual proposals for the empirical study of the field of 'Volkskultur' in the present are presented. Concluding, this article argues for a praxeological approach on the actors, social usages and political implications of 'Volkskultur'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of a "third world" rose to prominence in international political discourse around 1960 and vanished around 1990. It designated a group of countries aligned with neither of the two other worlds. I argue in this article that the term needs to be situated in a larger history of the perception of global difference at least as old as the Enlightenment. The peculiar career of the concept of the "third world" is connected both to changes in the order of knowledge and, more specifically, to the history of economic thought, of which it is an effect. The paper thus focuses on the emergence of the term around 1960 and investigates the irrelevance of economics in late colonialism as opposed to the prominence of economic experts in the post-1945 world order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "mixed economy of welfare" is one of the most popular concepts in the history of welfare. Even though a growing body of recent work has illustrated the relationship between different providers of welfare, philanthropic organisations have been widely ignored. This paper will shed some light on this blind spot by focussing on the relationship between state and philanthropic action concerning social welfare. Using the example of the Swiss charitable organisation Pro Senectute, I will argue that the emerging welfare state in the first half of the 20th century did not crowd out Pro Senectute. In fact both Pro Senectute and the state were closely intertwined and its charitable work was a key component in the emerging welfare state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short review article has two main goals. On the one hand, to show that beyond an apparent opposition between "big state" and "big society", the history of French assistance is based more on complementarities and cooperation than on confrontation. As in Anglo-Saxon countries and Germany, it is therefore relevant to speak about a "mixed economy of welfare", although the term is almost never used. On the other hand, the paper will also try to understand that omission by tracing the outlines of the French historiography on assistance, showing that works on the subject are both relatively recent (mainly from the 1990s onwards) and often scattered across religious and social history from the 19th to the 21st century; but also between historians and other social scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses personal implication into three fundamental catastrophes of the 20th century. While these are disjunctive, they are nevertheless interconnected. Such interconnection is demonstrated and exemplifi ed here by germane episodes of the author’s own life and family experience. Her Jewish South African background lets her probe into the remnants of a Palestinian village buried beneath a “South African” Forest in Israel, for which she once raised money as a child; brings her to the small town in Upper Hesse whence her grandmother made a narrow escape to South Africa from Nazi terror; and confronts her with the blank space of what once was Cape Town’s sprawling District Six which lies in the vicinity of where she lives and from where the inhabitants were deported by the Apartheid regime. All three spaces have in common that what makes them important in this refl ection has been obliterated by force and political fi at. In recounting her own experience, including the making of a fi lm on the three contexts, the author traces ways to retrieve mnemonic traces, on a personal level and beyond. At the same time, she demonstrates entanglements of complicity in the processes addressed that any serious treatment has to confront. Such engagement is set against the simplistic and destructive answers to complicity and complexity, ethno-nationalism and identity politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophical theories concerning the arts have undergone significant changes in the past few centuries. These changes ran parallel to the reconception of philosophy itself. As is known, the beginning of the 20th century bore witness to the "linguistic" turn, and there has also been a second, no less significant event: the "hermeneutical turn," enacted by Heidegger and Gadamer. In an essay written in 1990 with the title "The Multiplicity of Languages and the Understanding of the World", Gadamer th summed up the philosophical developments of the 20th century as follows: "In this century we have performed, as is known, a kind of »linguistic turn«, that is, a turn to linguisticality. [...] A second development, of equal import, has taken place in our German tradition. Thereby I mean the transition from Neo-Kantianism to phenomenology and, in particular, the further development of phenomenology to the hermeneutic turn which Heidegger has initiated" (Gesammelte Werke, vol. 8, p. 343). In the aftermath of Heidegger's thinking, and due especially to Gadamer's major contributions, hermeneutic philosophy has come to be one of the main philosophical th trends of 20th century philosophy. It has transformed traditional ways of approaching philosophical problems, of looking upon and dealing with them. Indeed, it modified to a great extent our understanding of philosophy itself. "To speak of a revolution in the history of thought is perhaps too grand," an interpreter wrote, "but certainly there has been a general movement that can be called the 'hermeneutic turn'" (David C. Hoy, "Heidegger and the Hermeneutic Turn," in: The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger, ed. Ch. Guignon (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1993), p. 170). Central to the hermeneutical perspective of viewing things is a new attitude to the history of philosophy and to the philosophical disciplines themselves. What Heidegger called "destruction" means going back to the original experiences of factical life and legitimizing philosophical concepts and theories originating from, and with reference to, them. Hermeneutics is reluctant to recognize the traditional splitting of philosophical disciplines into fields separate and isolated from each other, such as, e.g., theory of knowledge, morals, aesthetics. In their effort to go back to the fundaments of human experience, Heidegger and Gadamer undertook a radical re-thinking of the theoretical fundaments of the discipline destined to account for, and to do justice to, the arts -- that is, aesthetics as well. What they achieved is a veritable "destruction" of aesthetics. Heidegger's decisive step in the thirties lay in his attempt to connect arts with truth, thereby questioning the traditional view according to which truth is a character of knowledge, and a work of art can be "beautiful" but not "true." Heidegger's hints have then been elaborated in detail by Gadamer in his Truth and Method. The present paper proposes to show the essential steps taken by Heidegger and Gadamer in their re-examination of the autonomy of the realm called "aesthetics" and their efforts to replace it by a hermeneutical arts theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eugenics aimed at a rationalisation of sexuality and reproduction in order to prevent the birth of children with 'hereditary diseases' or 'genetic defects'. Therefore in a project of scientifical 'social engineering' ideas of health, well-beeing, quality of life and fitness were combined with sentences concerning social recognition and respect. In this paper I will analyse which conceptions of childhood were produced by the eugenic discours in the medical establishment during the first three decades of the 20th century. Which ideals of childhood were beeing quicked by the eugenic project of 'quality instead of quantity' and which consequences followed from this for those children, who were and are not in accordance with this ideals? The data for the analysis are drawn from an examination of articles published in the Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, the leading medical journal in Austria between 1900 and 1938. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customarily speaking, concepts of vocational and career training have been organised differently in Great Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany. Since the nineteenth century, vocation has been the "organising principle" of apprenticeship and vocational training in Germany, alongside of social security and other social forms. In Britain, however, a standardised system of vocational education and training does not exist. This paper seeks to shed light on a variety of systems for apprenticeship, vocational training, and career services in British and West German employment offices, as well as their effects on unemployment after the late 1960s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on recent critiques of securitisation, this paper takes on the concept of "networked security" recently propagated by the German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development. The authors demonstrate the explicit ascendancy of the military in strategies based on these conceptions which are exemplified by Cicil Military Cooperation (CIMIC). However, in contrast to official claims to the novelty of such cooperation, the basic tenets of CIMIC can be traced to the counterinsurgency strategies of the 1950s and 1960s. Here, Project Camelot - a particularly salient example of military and civic collaboration - is highlighted as a case in which the consequences of military funding and agenda setting have been well-exposed and from which lessons have been drawn. Following, this paper shows how current cases of military-civil collaboration in the field of developmental practice can be detrimental to the causes of humanitarian as well as development aid - as is amply documented, in particular, by interventions of concerned NGO representatives, who highlight the risks and predicaments incurred by being regimented into the role of "development gendarmes". Finally, the prospects for a critical turn, which would involve opting out of the logic of subservience to the military and a fundamental revision of the underlying concepts of development, are sketched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report from an October 12-13, 2017 conference in Berlin, Germany on the history of "nerves" in German war psychology from the turn of the 20th century to the outbreak of World War II. Topics of presentations delivered included the collective psychological impact of World War I on the nerves of the German population, the political symbolism of "strong nerves", and the 1913 paper "Krieg und Geistesstörung" by psychiatrist Gustav Specht.

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The article presents a report on a workshop on violence in Communist Eastern Europe in the second half of the twentieth century, held in Potsdam, Germany, on January 24, 2014. Topics of discussion included hormonal contraception, the abuse of psychiatric patients, and violence against children in institutional care. All papers presented drew on the theoretical work of French philosopher Michel Foucault.

The article reports on a conference on the history of antisemitism in Eastern Europe from the late nineteenth century until the beginning of World War II, convened in Warsaw, Poland, from May 16-18, 2013. Papers presented included examples of antisemitic political violence, pogroms, and racist propaganda in such countries as Hungary, Poland, and Ukraine.

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The article reviews the conference, "Stadt - Image - Identität: Konstruktion und Wandel von Städtebildern im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert," on the subject of the images of European cities in the 19th and 20th century, held in Munich, Germany, from September 11th to November 11th, 2012. Researcher Isabel Leicht presented a paper on city identity in Europe as reflected in architecture Carol Marmor discussed changes in the image projected by socialist cities in Eastern Europe during the 1970s and the 1980 Olympic Games.

The author starts from a study by Maria Fanache and Ilse Fels about Sibiu writers in the years of the „people's democracy,'' i.e. the period around 1960. The outlook and the stylistic structure were typical of socialist realism, while the criteria for the selection of the Romanian and German writers discussed were those of belles-letters adapted to propaganda purposes. The present paper rounds off the convenient aspects of the literature of the timewith a series of aspects that had been kept silent or ignored for the sake of avoiding confrontation with certain factual contradictionswhich the socio-political changes of the „people's democratic'' dictatorship had brought about. In the summer of 1956, the state authorities considered a private literary meeting of over twenty persons an action meant to subvert the official ideology, an attempt to commit a conspiracy, and, later, some of those present came under investigation and served severe prison sentences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a conference on the connection between sports and nationalism in historical perspective, held in Prague, Czech Republic, from June 28-30, 2012. Papers and discussions revolved around the political aspects of sports, exemplified with such case studies as soccer in Denmark during the German occupation in World War II, the participation of the Soviet Union in the 1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki, Finland, and international soccer matches between Hungary and Romania from 1936-2009.

This paper discusses the relationship between space, law and indigeneity by building on the Lefebvrian conceptualization of the social production of space, a materialist understanding of law and critical theories of nationalism and indigeneity. We argue that in Western nation-states indigeneity is seen as an important strategy and resource used by indigenous groups to legitimize their land claim rights. More specifically, the text looks at a conflict between Saami reindeer herders, on the one side, and Metsähallitus, the Finnish government agency and wood manufacturers, on the other, in which some herders used their indigeneity strategically in an international campaign. We discuss three ways in which (the discourse on) socially produced space was relevant in the conflict: first, how, in the light of definitions of indigeneity in international law, the claims to a specifically indigenous production of space through reindeer herding was disputed; second, how current regionalization affects reindeer herding and Saami rights; and, third, how continuing reindeer herding is necessary as a basis for Saami land claim rights. As demonstrated by the case study of Saami reindeer herders, we conclude by arguing that using indigeneity as a strategy results in messy disputes over history and identity that can have counter-productive effects for those using the strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a conference about the anti-Nazi movement in the Rhineland, Germany, in the 1930s and 1940s, which was held in Bonn, Germany, from September 26-27, 2011. Papers presented discussed opposition and resistance to the Nazi dictatorship by various groups, including Communists and Catholics. The repression of political dissent by police and the justice system was also addressed.

The article reports on a conference on the concept of democracy in Germany and Poland in the 20th and 21st centuries, held in Ciążeń and Poznań, Poland, from September 26-29, 2011. The papers presented discussed such topics as the role of democracy as a political idea and catchphrase in the aftermath of World War I, the democratization of Poland and East Germany after the fall of communism in 1989, and civic engagement in 21st-century German and Polish politics.

The article offers information on "Technische Hochschulen und Universitäten im 'Dritten Reich' und der Nachkriegszeit," a conference that focused on technical colleges and universities in Germany during the regime of the German National Socialists (Nazis). Papers that were presented discussed topics such as how the National Socialists (Nazis) affected school politics, how the Nazi-regime affected the professional orientation of students, and how geography was taught during this period.

The article reports on a conference at the Schwabenakademie (Swabian Academy) in Irsee, Germany, from February 4-6, 2011, which was dedicated to the history of women's soccer in 20th-century Germany. Papers presented discussed topics including the development of women's soccer clubs, the introduction of soccer in girls' physical education classes in public schools and universities, and the representation of female soccer players in the media.

The article reports on a workshop dedicated to providing historical perspectives on 21st-century debates regarding applied research in university, which was held in Munich, Germany, on March 4-5, 2011. The papers discussed case studies, including the connections between basic and applied research in the funding strategies of the German Science Council after World War II, the politics of research funding at the Technical University of Zurich, Switzerland, between 1918 and 1952, and biotechnology.

The article reports on the conference "'Bro's, Homes, Dudes': Men and Masculinities in the 20th Century American Family," held at the University of Münster, Germany, from December 2-4, 2010. Papers approached the subject from various angles, including young men's sexualities, the gender politics of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and debates about absent fathers and good fatherhood. Presenters included Isabel Heinemann, Michael Kimmel, and Jürgen Martschukat.

The article reports on the conference "Der Kult des großen Plans um 1910: Gestaltung von Metropolen in historischer Perspektive," held on November 25-26, 2010, at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany. The conference discussed philosophies and standards of urban planning in the early 20th century in cross-cultural perspective, with papers focusing on various cities, including Chicago, Illinois, Vienna, Austria, and Canberra, Australia.

The article reports on the conference "Die nationalsozialistische Okkupationspresse in den besetzten Gebieten der Sowjetunion, 1941-1944" (The National Socialist Press in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union), held at the University of Heidelberg from November 5-8, 2010. Papers discussed various aspects of press politics and propaganda in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe, including their institutional organization, content, reception, and audience, as well as biographical questions.

This paper presents new facts, hitherto unpublished in Croatia, concerning the life and work of Selman Selmanagić, the well-known Berlin architect, designer and professor. The life of this successful Bosniak was saturated with influences from the various cultures and communities in which he lived, studied and worked. He was born in Srebrenica, and went to school in Sarajevo, Ljubljana and Dessau. He spent the majority of his working life in Berlin where, among other activities, he led the Department of Architecture at the Kunsthochschule for twenty years. The article focuses on his life, the development of his rich career and all of his most important achievements. It is of particular interest that he actively took part as a main consultant in the renovation project of the Bauhaus building in Dessau in 1975.

The article discusses censorship of women foreign correspondents during the Spanish Civil War with a focus on the censorship of Austrian journalist Ilse Kulcsar at the Spanish Press Office in Madrid and the activities of war correspondents Milly Bennett, Kitty Bowler, and Kate Mangan in Valencia. Alleged subjectivity and bias on the part of journalists covering the war is scrutinized along with their respective backgrounds, nationalist influences on their reporting, and economic conditions faced by the reporters.

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This article analyses the rise of public debt in Italy since the 1970s. It argues that Italy's path into debt differed from other countries of Southern Europe. Rather than historical path-dependencies, both the macro-economic conditions during the 1970s and the specific interests of the institutions involved in the debt management can explain the countries growing deficits. The article shows how the Italian central bank was able to increase its institutional power, while the financial sector profited from the trade in government bonds and treasury certificates. The high saving rates of private households, which financed a huge part of the public debt, explain why there have been no dramatic bank insolvencies or external debt crises in Italy since the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, the causes and events that have ultimately led to states being unable to service their debts have often been remarkably similar. This article adopts a different perspective and investigates how assumptions about economic uncertainty determine future expectations and influence decision-making in public debt crises. The article explores these questions through an analysis of the postwar shift in the global market for public loans, and the role of financial organizations such as the IMF, the World Bank, and the Bank for International Settlements. The findings suggest that the crisis of the 1980s caused the ideas and practices of international debt settlement to be rewritten due to changes made in the market for national-debt instruments, which was established as a direct response to the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces the topics of the January 2015 issue of the social history periodical "Geschichte und Gesellschaft" with a focus on the use of counterworlds as a research tool with case studies including the Kurt and Erna Kretschmann environmental protection center in East Germany, encounters between clergy and liberals in late 19th-century Poland, and the influence of idealized Native American values on the Protestant church in West Germany during the 1960s and 1970s.