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This paper explores the two key features of Jasminina Musabegović's style – sensuousness and intermediality. These two features can be regarded as stylistic dominants in the works of this writer, essayist, critic, and editor, where orientation on language is always strongly present. Intermediality is in some cases realized as ekphrasis (verbal representation of a visual work of art, i.e. a painting, photograph, piece of architecture), whereas in other cases verbal devices create filmicity. so that some of the scenes in her novels look like movie frames. It is argued that there exists unity of style in all works of this author, whereby her novels contain elements of essays and other genres, and lyricism and sensuousness occupy a central place in all her texts.

The paper analyses the essayistic discourse of Jasmina Musabegović with a focus on her second and last book of such procédé, Naličje historije (The Reverse Side of History) (1999), without neglecting her early essayistic work compiled in her first book of essays, The Secret and the Meaning of a Literary Work (1977). Since the literary criticism and essayistic work of this author, on the one hand, and her literary and artistic work, on the other, are closely related and interwoven with seemingly contradictory but identical ideologemes, for a more complete insight, her micro-essays that make up fabric of her novels are occasionally taken into consideration in the analysis. The conclusion reached shows that the author’s later literary critique essays, i.e. those that the author wrote during and after the recent war, where the intimate intertwines with the universal and meets a multitude of opposing pairs as well as occasional paroxysms conditioned by a change in life experience, represent a specific, fluid essayistic discourse that can be characterized by the newly coined phrase “women’s essay”.

The main subject of this paper is the lexical-semantic classification of water-related lexicon in the novel Most (Bridge) by Jasmina Musabegović. We will explain the stylistic expressiveness of selected water-related lexemes, as well as the way the author constructs her identity and the identities of her characters through the conceptualization of the experience of water. The water lexics are analysed as dominant in relation to other types of words and classified into eleven lexical-semantic fields. Total of 79 water nouns have been registered. As expected, the most common water-related lexemes are ‘voda’ and ‘most’. Three water nouns are described: voda, most and tihanj, and it is concluded that lexeme ‘water’ has an associative and symbolic role; lexeme ‘most’, as a strong position of the text, since it is also a title of the novel, represents change, a path and growing up. The nonce word tihanj has a specific cultural and linguistic meaning in the context of the novel.

So Hot Was the Cannon by Vladimir Kecmanović received a lot of attention immediately after publication. Since it thematizes the siege of Sarajevo, along with the main character, a boy – a mute witness and narrator, upon a superficial reading of the text, it may appear as a novel that opens up space for confronting the past. A closer reading, along with unraveling the narrative strategies, reveals a revisionist picture of the siege of Sarajevo from 1992-1996. Thus, the characters are flat, without contradictions, often reduced to a collective identity. The plot, although some of the critics claimed the opposite, is sharply polarized among different collective ethnically distributed actants in the novel, and the whole story in general functions as a specific structural chiasm regarding aggressor – victim relation. The development of the plot is entirely subordinated to the creation of this effect, just like the distribution of dialogue, i.e. the speech of the characters. This paper aims to investigate some of the narrative strategies that contribute to this effect while highlighting the ideologically motivated stereotypes that form the basis of the narrative and the production of inverse images of the siege of Sarajevo.

The Bosnian and Bosniak writer Jasmina Musabegović (1941-2023) is known to the cultural public of Bosnia and Herzegovina for her novels, essays, and translations from the French language. It is less known, however, that a small collection of lullabies in the Bosnian language is also attributed to Musabegović's research and writing work. The aforementioned collection was published by BZK „Preporod“(Bosniaks' Cultural Society „Preporod“) in 1997 in Sarajevo, with the editorial supervision of literary historian and folklorist Munib Maglajlić. In this paper, the aforementioned collection of writer Jasmina Musabegović will be presented through a thematic analysis of selected poems on a literary-poetic level, and then it will go into the broader context of the overall work of the collected folk lullabies among the Bosniaks so far. The most frequent themes and motifs also will be reviewed within the entire corpus related to that material. With this approach, we tried to draw attention to Musabegović's cultural contribution, which, apart from her literary work, was also reflected in her collection of folk wisdom.

The paper presents the abbreviations used in SMS messages in the Bosnian language. Abbreviations recorded in the analyzed corpus are diverse in origin, shortening mechanisms, and morphological and syntactic features. Recognized abbreviations are first classified according to the type of shortened units – into abbreviations formed from words (nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numbers, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, particles) and abbreviations formed from groups of words, sentences, or utterances. Within the classes defined in that way, abbreviations are divided about the mechanism of shortening and described. Abbreviations in SMS messages are in some cases formed by the norms of the standard language but usually deviate from the standard forms. The same words and constructions can be abbreviated in several different ways, and abbreviations most often vary in terms of the use of upper and lower case letters as well as the writing or omission of a period at the end. Abbreviations are most often created by final elision, i.e. by omitting the end of the word and reducing the word to the beginning. They are also created by reducing the word to the first letter and some other meaningful letters inside the word or at the end of the word. In the corpus, not a single word of the Bosnian language was found in which numbers and letters are used as logograms or are incorporated into larger expressions that are read as rebuses. A particularly interesting phenomenon in shortening is the unmotivated multiplication of graphemes at the end of some abbreviations. A significant number of abbreviations created by dropping vowels and some consonants or reducing them to only some consonants are confirmed in the corpus.

Although Dylan Thomas and his poem ”Vision and Prayer” (1944) are usually not attributed to a specific kind of visual/concrete or ”shaped poetry,” his highly enigmatic and daring poetical articulation displays some interesting typographical features that can qualify him to be included in the label. It is a unique experiment of a kind mainly because of its two distinct geometric shapes, i.e. diamond and hourglass, within the two equal Parts, with six stanzas in each one of them. These shapes create a kind of “mystical geometry,” since they differ both in their pictorial presentation and the content matter. The paper tried to follow various attempts in English literature that might have served as a source of inspiration for Thomas in the works of George Herbert, Sir Thomas Browne, and W.B. Yeats. It also presents previous critical interpretations that revolved mainly around the themes of birth, death, and re-birth Resurrection of Jesus Christ, since religious imagery and poetic language seem to invite such an approach (Tindall, Burdette, Kidder, Bauer). However, a combination of Derridean deconstruction/restructuring and computer-assisted pictorial manipulation of the text produced yet an interesting experiment in analysis, having brought together all the stanzas into a ‘grand diamond’ shape. The newly reshaped version of the ‘poem’ opened up possibilities for interpretation while pointing out the central geometric shapes that emerged in the process.

In Turkish society, feminism in themes of women’s emancipation and women’s rights began to develop more intensively in literary and artistic creativity in the second half of the 20th century and continues to varying degrees until today. In addition to literary works, sociological studies, and various forms of artistic creativity expressing feminist content, a unique example of a specific female expression appeared in a specialized dictionary of female jargon. The subject of this paper is the lexicographic and literary analysis of social contribution of the author Filiz Bingolče who devoted a significant part of her work to pointing out the position of Turkish women in a traditional society, which requires them to be humble and obedient wives and mothers, which represents a challenge for new generations of young women who are living in a time of accelerated scientific and technological developments while at the same time trying to find their place as respected individuals in society. Using the method of analyzing the selected corpus of the author’s significant work, which consists of the “Dictionary of Feminine Jargon” and “Threnody of Murdered Women”, our goal is to present to the scientific public the author’s feminist struggle and her contribution to the understanding of the intimate and hidden female being in a traditionally male environment. We can conclude that according to Turkish women, even in the modern era, the constraints of traditions cannot be easily unchained and that the battle for equal existence continues both on a wider social scale and in the individual context of women as individuals.

The paper deals with the psychoanalytical approach to dreams and the unconscious in three short stories by the Turkish author Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar. Insight into the nature of the human psyche and language as a medium of expression will be based on the works of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan. The psychoanalytical literature that we will use in this research will represent the fundamental theoretical basis on which we will try to valorize the above-mentioned stories. As part of the reading of the short stories The Owner of The House, Summer Night and Train Journey by the Turkish author Ahmed Hamdi Tanpınar, the emphasis will be on elements such as time, the past, dreams, the unconscious, the other or the personal history of the characters about the world they build within themselves. The identity crises experienced by the protagonists of the analyzed stories have their roots in childhood traumas, and dreams represent the key to uncovering the unconscious. By applying Freud's psychoanalysis to the text, they tried to reveal the symptoms of the text and the unconscious mechanisms whose meaning is hidden in images, symbols, and metaphors. In his short stories, we find the story of the collapse of the inner world of the hero, of their escape from reality and continuous search, while the subject(s) of the text itself is constructed through its past, or more precisely, it is defined by a complex of events and people from the past.

This paper discusses the immediate consequences that the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) had on the societies in the South Slavic lands of Austria-Hungary. It represents an attempt to summarize the previous results of research on various issues related to the consequences of the Balkan Wars in these lands individually. The focus was on finding common characteristics, as well as peculiarities regarding the impact of the wars on societies in the Slavic south of the Monarchy. In this sense, the focus of attention was on the national question, the political scene, the way of governing, and the economy. It stands out that the Balkan Wars were the spark that ignited the flame of nationalism in the south of the Monarchy, within the framework of the Yugoslav question. Foreshadowing a new era, these wars were for some an indication of the inevitability of reforming the Monarchy in a direction that would ensure a more favourable position for its Yugoslavs, and for others even an indication of its imminent destruction and Yugoslav unification on a broader basis. At the same time, the wars caused new or deepened existing crises in the lands to the south of the Monarchy, serving as an excuse for its authorities to introduce emergency measures or tighten existing restrictions. While in most of the South Slavic lands, the Austro-Hungarian government faced the united front of those forces that openly expressed their support for the Balkan allies, in Bosnia it greatly benefited from the growing political rift between the two dominant national communities and their political representatives. The wars left negative economic consequences in all lands, and by creating new circumstances, they enabled a different approach to solving the agrarian issue in Bosnia.

The paper describes the continuous attacks on the socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its political leadership during the eighties of the last century. The destabilization of the B&H communist leadership was conducted from the power centers in Belgrade - primarily from the intellectual centers and through the media. The leadership of this republic is described as extremely repressive, and Bosnia and Herzegovina is the so-called dark province, in which intellectual creativity and any criticism of the system and government is prohibited. At that time, Yugoslavia was in an extremely unfavorable economic position, but in the Serbian media, BiH was presented as an exception compared to most other republics in the Federation. In addition, BiH was presented as a non-national republic, and there were frequent stereotypes and negative content about Muslims, who were the majority people of this republic. Numerous events were turned into affairs, which weakened the leadership and destroyed the Bosnian society.

Starting from the belief that the interaction and connection between people, on which the relationship between the family and the school is based, is a value for itself, from the specific aspect of the theory of social capital, the cooperation between the family and the school is viewed. The paper aims to describe the cooperation between family and school as a form of social capital, i.e. as a resource that contributes to the educational achievements of students. Representation and outcomes of social capital in the education field are analyzed from different points of view. Different levels of social capital analysis potentially lead to implications for the improvement of family-school cooperation operationalized by different activities of parental involvement in children's education by (in)equality of family resources and context.

Diplomacy in the conditions of aggression represented a painstaking multi-layered job, which was not easily implemented. The development of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s diplomacy should be observed immediately before the declaration of independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in March 1992, because significant events took place a year earlier that would to a certain extent affect the recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state, as well as the international positioning of this country due to the war period. Although official Bosnian diplomacy can only be spoken of after the recognition of the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the establishment of competent state institutions, the year 1991 was extremely important, because the lobbying carried out by Bosnian politicians at the time on the international level, both in the West and in the East, was of great importance. importance, which certain international leaders confirmed when recognizing the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina or establishing official diplomatic relations in the first months of 1992. Immediately before the holding of the Referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Government of the SR of Bosnia and Herzegovina had intensive contacts with officials from outside the then Yugoslavia, which was a kind of prerequisite for the later establishment of official diplomatic relations. The aim of the paper is to present the key events that were of great importance in the establishment of diplomatic contacts of Bosnian officials with the rest of the world, to clarify how Bosnian diplomacy developed in the conditions of aggression against the independent Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Property disputes between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia are a reality that burdens the entirety of international diplomatic relations between two neighboring countries of the same subregion. After the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), numerous issues arose, of which property rights are among the most important. The republics of the former SFRY, as well as natural and legal persons, had their property in the entire territory of Yugoslavia, so it was necessary to adequately protect the existing rights. In this regard, in 2001, the Successor States of the SFRY concluded the Agreement on Succession, in which they agreed on movable and immovable property through seven Annexes. Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) started from the view that the comprehensive implementation of the Succession Agreement is the basis of permanent, stable, and friendly relations between the Contracting States and took all that was necessary to return the property claimed by the Successor States. However, the Republic of Croatia did not return the property in the way that Bosnia and Herzegovina did, and the first country started to violate the aforementioned multilateral international agreement. Given that the Agreement on Succession does not offer adequate solutions for the peaceful settlement of international disputes between the Contracting Parties, the paper analyzes the possibility of settlement of said disputes based on investment arbitration, which as a model for the settlement of international disputes is not an instrument used by individuals and legal entities from BiH into a sufficient extent. Equally, in this light, we explore the legal possibilities of the concluded Agreement on the Promotion and Protection of Investments between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia (bilateral investment treaty) and present the future of investment arbitration from the perspective of the European Union.

Starting from conceptual definitions and theoretical framework of the research problem, this paper offers the findings of empirical non-experimental research on the global and fragmented approach: a) assessment of the representation of (innovative) models of class teaching within the university repository of defended doctoral dissertations in the Republic of Serbia, and b) assessment of the innovative characteristics of selected doctoral dissertations through the analysis of reports from professional committees evaluating completed doctoral dissertations. All 109 PhD dissertations defended at Serbia’s six state faculties of teacher education between 2005 and 2022 are included in the overall sample. The second component of the research specifies a fragmented or deliberate/ stratified sample that consists of 36 defended PhD dissertations and 36 evaluation reports for the approval of PhD dissertations that inherently include novel teaching models. Both quantitative and qualitative content analysis were used in the research. The units of analysis include: the title of the defended doctoral dissertation, keywords presented in the doctoral thesis (quantitative analysis), and the content of the Evaluation Report of the doctoral dissertation, specifically the segment on scientific contribution (qualitative analysis). Based on the analysis of dissertation titles and keywords, it was found that one-third of doctoral dissertations focus on research in the field of (innovative) teaching models. The analysis revealed that not all models are equally represented in different subject methodologies of class teaching, nor within individual methodologies. Content analysis showed that the selected theses are dedicated to the specified problem, they support the issue of the innovation of the teaching process and indicate that there is room for innovation in the teaching process in a creative sense. Future PhD dissertations with a thematic focus on innovative teaching models should be directed towards the affirmation of research on different work models (of the entire corpus) in subject methodologies, the synthesis of innovative teaching models within the same methodology of class teaching, exploration of learning material most suitable for implementing a specific innovative work model within various methodologies of class teaching...

This paper reviews the research of learning in students throught socio-demographic determinants of academic motivation. The goal of this research was to determine statistically significant differences in some dimensions of academic motivation (internal motivation, external motivation and amotivation) in students in relation to variables from the socio-demographic domain (sex, age and education level of the respondents). The sample was apparent, 1711 respondents from four countries: Slovakia, Czechia, Serbia and Poland which are involved in some of the levels of formal education, from undergraduate, to doctorate. Respondents of both sexes were included, 20.7% were male, while 79.3% were female, ages ranging from 18 to 61 years (AS=25.4). The results of this study show that there are significant differences in the dimensions of academic motivation in relation to age, sex and education level of the respondents. This research has shown that internal motivation is less developed in younger age groups and those of lower educational levels. The results showed a relatively balanced relationship between internal and external motivation in women, which is not the case with men.

Multimedia technologies, encompassing images, animations, and sounds, offer innovative possibilities for preschool educators, particularly in the context of presenting mathematical content and fostering children's mathematical cognition. This study is driven by a dual objective: firstly, to formulate a GeoGebra-based model for the assimilation of fundamental mathematical concepts related to numbers and sets; secondly, to execute this model in practical educational settings. The research conducted for this paper spanned five years (2018-2023) as part of a comprehensive five-year project, comprising three distinct phases, each featuring specialized workshops. A cohort of 380 preschool teachers completed GeoGebra training, which was followed by the integration of the proposed model into the educational curriculum across preschool institutions in two districts within the Republic of Serbia. Preschool educators independently implemented two activities aligned with their project themes. The study's findings emphasize the effectiveness of implementing an interactive project-based learning approach in preschool settings, where well-integrated GeoGebra applets, particularly when harmonized with activities involving physical and tangible elements, can yield positive outcomes.

Creating video games is a complex process that can be tracked in stages, requiring compliance with platform-specific requirements, content, visual elements, characters, and the existence of interaction among them. In this context, there is increasing talk about gamification to strengthen user engagement, motivation, and communication. The popularity of video games as a broader social phenomenon sparks divided public opinions, and media reporting has a significant impact on it. Framing a particular topic in a negative or positive tone contributes to the perception of events, individuals, or processes as threats or opportunities, potentially leading to calls for increased regulation. This paper aims to analyze media coverage of video games and to investigate how it affects public opinion and understanding of the game industry, using a combined methodology. Analysis of the content of media coverage on selected foreign and Croatian online portals that deal with technology, as well as Croatian newspaper portals that have special gaming sections, showed a difference in the approach to reporting. Foreign media portals have shown exceptional commitment to collecting information about upcoming games and monitoring economic, industry changes, and player opinions, while domestic ones are focused on innovations within the Croatian gaming scene. The emphasis is on promoting and showcasing local talent and progress in the country's gaming industry. At the same time, the results of the survey showed that the majority of participants are familiar with the gaming industry and actively participate in it. Furthermore, although they follow media reports and reviews about video games, it still does not significantly influence their decision to purchase a video game. Finally, most participants feel that politics and social agendas are not desirable in video games.

This paper aims to find out the attitudes and perceptions of civil engineering students about the importance of professional communication and their current and future competencies. In addition, this work aims to investigate their interest in courses on communication skills. For this research, a quantitative research method was used - an online survey. The research sample consists of 109 students of all years of undergraduate and graduate studies in Civil Engineering at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Geodesy in Split. The work is based on three hypotheses that were tested with non-parametric statistical tests after the research was carried out. The results of the research rejected the first hypothesis that students of higher years of civil engineering studies consider professional communication skills more important for work in industry compared to students of lower years of studies. Furthermore, this research determined that there is a statistically significant correlation between the ratings of the importance of professional communication among civil engineering students and the ratings of their communication skills and that there is a statistically significant correlation between civil engineering students who show a preference for communication skills and interest in attending courses in the field of communication.

This paper aims to determine the relationship of social protection institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina about quality in the segment of establishing goals and processes within the institution. Quality management in social protection institutions systematically, which implies establishing a quality management system, would contribute to fulfilling their function, reflected in better satisfaction of overall user needs, increased user satisfaction, and societal satisfaction as a whole. In this study, we employed methods such as document content analysis and examination. For data collection, a specialized instrument in the form of a survey questionnaire comprising indicators of goals and processes with three new scales was devised. We applied scaling techniques in collecting data from respondents, employees of social work centers, and relevant non-governmental organizations. Hypothesis testing employed sorting techniques and statistical data processing. The research results showed that the management of social protection institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina is sufficiently oriented towards quality management in the segment of establishing goals and processes within the institution, with evident differences in the perception of quality management according to goals and processes relative to the educational status of employees.

This paper presents a critical review of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change in the lightof legal and political aspects. There is also an analysis of the effects of the Paris Agreement,as an important international agreement in the context of international legal regulation of theconsequences of climate change and the obligations of states, and the new socio-politicalrelations they establish. The paper also contains an overview of reactions to the ParisAgreement by analysts and experts in international climate law. The well-known fact thatclimate change affects human rights and how a country can be held responsible for theinternational consequences of climate change resulting from activities under that country’sjurisdiction has been re-examined. It has also been shown that human rights are a commondenominator in the approach to climate change and the legal solutions that apply to it. In theend, the paper presents the impact of international law on the responsibility of states tocooperate in devising adequate international action, in relation to the current environmentalcrisis, caused by climate change.

Uncertainty, unfolding in the most extreme forms in the period of one of the greatest global challenges– a threat to the health and wellbeing of people, caused by the pandemic, is gaining a form difficult toconceive in temporal and conceptual terms. In the perception of students, the young people on the brinkof the first employment, the uncertainty primarily reflects in the estimate of possibilities of finding ajob and opportunities to construct a professional identity. This paper examines the potential role ofpersonal branding in the improvement of student opportunities to find the desired job, as well as theimportance of higher education institutions as strategic partners in the process. This paper, among others,also emphasizes the importance of empowering students towards the recognition of the role of theirknowledge and competencies acquired during the studies; the role which does not correspond to banal,oversimplified reduction of the role of education as means to meet the labour market needs.

Generation Z falls into the internet generation because it is the first generation born after the popularisation of the internet. Even though scientists don’t agree on when this generation starts and when it ends, after all, it is believed that the generation Z is made of people that are born in the nineties until today. Their parents belong to the millennial generation that is born in the eighties. Generation Z is the first generation that was raised as a part of the trend of being in the publics' eye, always posting about their lives on social networks. This potentially makes them an egocentric generation and a generation that does not have enough empathy. Although empathy is one of the key characteristics for happiness, generation Z finds happiness in their personal appearance and they care a lot about the opinions of others, that is, they care about the number of likes and the number of followers on social networks. Even though empathy is a key trait of happiness, generation Z finds happiness in physical appearance, and in others' opinion, that is they care about how many likes and how many followers on social networks they have. The purpose of this paper is to examine emotional empathy with the generation that is born in the late nineties, until generations 2006-2007, on a sample of 200 primary and high school students with an assumption that later generations are more empathic and that there is a difference between male and female subjects, that is that females are more empathic. Also, the paper provides case reports that represent the clinical population and not the average representatives of this generation and whose psychological problems may be associated with excessive use of the Internet and social networks. The results of the research indicate that the feeling of insecurity and lack of empathy in this generation is a risk factor for the development of low self-esteem and self-confidence, and ultimately more severe mental disorders, which can be reduced and prevented by a different approach to this generation.

This paper deals with the analysis of the effects and perception of infoemia both on social networks and in the sphere of civic journalism during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Comparative analysis of the perception of the COVID-19 virus pandemic in developed democratic societies and its repercussions (to the audience above all) and comparison with the informational values of comments on the most visited online portals in Bosnia and Herzegovina are the essence of this work. In pursuing these goals, the work is divided into two parts. The first part of the paper analyzes the existential dissemination of information about the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemics in the world with a focus on social networks and citizen writing – an audience about pandemics that has undoubtedly taken all the notes of infodemium where it is difficult to determine the information value of comments or writing prosumer. Web 2.0 as the dominant dissemination tool of all types of media content and the general approach and freedom of commenting have influenced the experience and – consecutive – perception of the available information. The informative cacophony affected the audience (which is also a generator of “informative” content) in several ways mentioned in the first part of the paper. The second part of the work deals exclusively with the analysis of the content of comments on several of the most visited informational portals of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most comments have been found to lack usable information value and contribute to media cacophony, and from the point of view of the value of news usually do not provide useful information or at best provide information whose credibility (although they may seem plausible and/or argumentative) cannot be easily verified. The conclusion of the paper is that the information value of comments from visitors to bh information portals is not particularly high in the slightest regard from the content level with rare examples of (semi)quality information of usable content.

Internal communications strategy influences and determines the way employees behave, observe, and maintain good vibes in their respective workplace. No company should allow the occurrence of inefficient communication between their workers and the management bodies, otherwise, it is doomed for failure. What happens inside organizations in terms of administering good communication channels, affects their business success equally so as to what happens outside them when public relations staff brings forth all the successful results to the society at large. Internal communication is very often neglected, which only shows the immaturity and lack of knowledge or incompetence of the leading figures in an organization about effective communication. This paper deals with the efficient execution of internal communication and its importance for the successful ranking and positioning of any business, whether it be small or big. First, it examines the main prerequisites for success such as trust and connecting with the employees and their establishment in big and small businesses as well, because small organizations find it easier to implement good internal communications than the big ones. Second, the paper explores higher education organizations and their ways to achieve excellent results through the positive impact of running good internal communication to the satisfaction of their employees, management bodies, and their wider community. The paper also argues that the essential preconditions of the organization’s good positioning are mutual trust, stemming from the efficient internal communication strategy implementation, and the creation of a good business climate. Labour market as a catalyst and a sieve distinguishes good from bad, recognizes good social interrelating competencies focusing on perceiving identities and favourable working contexts. Third, the paper deals with the working place language knowledge which facilitates human resources management, enables efficient implementation of the internal communication strategy, and provides for the efficient running of the organization. Conclusions are that the successful implementation of the all above said will consequently result in a good positioning and high ranking of the organization on the volatile labour market.

The paper presents the relevant assumptions for the successful implementation of inclusive education with special reference to the role of teaching assistants. In the extremely demanding role of teachers in the complex concept of inclusive education, it is necessary to include an assistant. This is one of the key prerequisites for quality inclusion, both in early and preschool education institutions and in school. Faced with the challenges of inclusive upbringing and education, teachers in overcrowded classrooms can not implement inclusion well without assistants. However, it is common not to have quality communication between teachers and assistants, parents, and professional associates. In this paper, we will explore how parents, as significant participants in successful inclusion, are satisfied with the participation of teaching assistants, which are the reasons for satisfaction or dissatisfaction, what they consider positive in introducing assistants, and what they would change. This research covers a small number of respondents, which makes it difficult to draw general conclusions. Despite that, we emphasize that the competence profile of the assistant in inclusion is not yet legally established, so any research on this topic can have a significant contribution to its implementation.

This review paper offers a definition and explanation of the self-care concept as one of the basic ways of developing and nurturing professional and personal capacities and maintaining healthy boundaries between the professional and personal life of helpers. The paper also emphasizes the ethical components of self-care as an imperative for helpers to take care of their own mental and physical health. Challenges for the development and maintenance of skills and conditions for the sustainability of self-care in the helping professions are described and analyzed from the perspective of personal responsibility and the institution’s obligation to ensure healthy working conditions and professional growth and development. Introduction to the self-care concept and comparative analysis is presented through the presentation of various, mostly foreign studies that have monitored the effects of self-care on the overall health of helpers and their professional effects. The paper also describes the adverse consequences of the lack of self-care skills and activities that encourage it. It also emphasizes the negative effects on the health of the helpers and their work potential. In conclusion, guidelines are defined for the development and maintenance of the helper's self-care, important both for his satisfaction in personal life and especially in professional success and self-actualization.

The social status and position of teachers have changed throughout history and is conditioned by the development of human society. In the developed world, the teacher is a highly positioned member of society, part of the intellectual elite, and a positive model of behavior. We are witnesses that the period of media development, the inflow of information, the collapse of previous value systems, led to a change in the evaluation and position of teachers in Serbia and the surrounding countries. Teachers areexperiencing one of the most difficult periods. They are usually poorly paid, insufficiently valued, unmotivated. The paper describes positive examples of the attitude of social systems in the world towards teachers, where teachers are still part of the elite and where, thanks to a positive and encouraging attitude towards educators, societies experience prosperity in economic, cultural, material, and other aspects of development. In this way, the assumption is confirmed that a society that invests in education and teaching staff, is profitable in the long run and has positive results in development. Also, the paper presents the results of research conducted by surveying students of the Teacher Education Faculty inBelgrade, in which we wanted to find out the attitudes, motives, and views of students about the position of teachers in society, and the projections of their future occupation. The results of the research show that students are motivated to work as teachers and that they like working with children and young people, but at the same time, they are aware of the unfavorable position of teachers in society and hope that this position can be improved by raising to make the public aware of the importance of teaching at the earliest age of students and stricter criteria when enrolling and selecting future teachers at faculties and schools.

This paper shows an overview of the achievements of historiography regarding education in the Republic of Croatia in the 21st century. The paper represents an attempt of bringing all results achieved by Croatian historiography regarding the forementioned question. Due to the number of different kinds of publications, only the basic information are represented in the paper, i.e. information about authors, publication year, publishers, journals (for articles),number of pages i bibliography of the publication. Therefore,this paper is not about content analysis of the publications, so it does not pretend to be an analysis of the Croatian historiography achievements regarding the aforementioned question in the specified period. The main aim of this paper was to present all publications regarding the question at one place. The author reserves a possibility that some publications, unintentionally, may have been omitted from this overview

The diplomatic activity of Bosnian territorial lord was omnipresent and diverse. Some of the territorial lord were engaged in multiple diplomatic activities. That is the reason for the classification of the activities, which was done by a criterion based on their complexity. Apart from the above-mentioned, this paper aims to address the number of responsibilities assumed by diplomats,the membership and composition of the diplomatic missions and activities conducted to prepare the ground for future negotiations.These questions are interrelated and should be treated as a whole. Details of the missions together with the drawing of adequate conclusions, comprise the scrutiny of the paper. The author used published historical sources and adequate literature for the purpose of the research presented in the paper.

As there are differences between male and female understandings and perceptions of the world, their experiences are not identical either. The authority of the father / husband or pater familias (as existed in ancient Rome) is the ultimate given in patriarchy, and as such - is inviolable. The primary goal of this paper is to show how the traditional family treats a woman, and how learned patterns of behavior determine a woman’s destiny. In the light of this, the traditionally and socially given practices by which,in the “ sacred “ institution of marriage, a woman is treated, and by which, as a total opposite, a man is percieved, have led to unequal power relations, which we tried to prove in this paper.

This paper aims to bring up a discussion on the topic that most 20th-century eminent linguists used to ignore and marginalize as being considered peripheral and not serious and worthy of academic research.It is rather interesting that linguists, anthropologists, sociologists, and psychologists were neglecting this issue, sporadically and unsystematically dealing with it, although being aware that swearwords are one of the most common words and phrases in most languages. Thus, the lack of research and analyses goes in favor of the aforementioned statement.Indeed, swearword presents a linguistic polyfunctional phenomenon, and it has just recently started to be taken seriously, discussed, and researched on the world as well as the European linguistic scene. So, this paper contributes to this overall swearing research, as it is being based on a qualitative analysis of the collected examples found in the mass media, that have been chosen according to the censored swearword found in the online article’s headline. Fourteen online portals from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,Serbia and Montenegro have been taken for the corpus, data monitored from October to December 2019.The main hypothesis is that swearwords, though more common in a conversational functional style, are omnipresent in written, online media, and thus journalistic discourse. This has been supported by the fact that the frequency of uncensored swearwords present in the media is almost the same as the frequency of censored swearwords, while descriptive swearwords happen to be an extremely rare occurrence. Obscene vocabulary in journalistic discourse is a complex linguistic, psychological, sociological, cultural, and ethnological phenomenon, and it can also be suggested that swearwords bear exceptional elasticity and adaptability features.

It has been twenty years since the very first theoretical book in the phraseology of the Bosnian language. Many papers have been written since then – and they show high interest in the treasure of the Bosnian language and the linguistic discipline of phraseology itself. Most of the papers have contrastive analysis At the core of the research, therefore they contribute to contrastive phraseology of the Bosnian language. There is a significant number of papers that apply modern methods of cognitive linguistic approach. However, this paper analyzes the phraseology practices of dictionaries created in the period after Frazeologija bosanskoga jezika by Ilijas Tanović was published in 2000. We would like the discover the very own mosaic of twenty years old phraseology development in the Bosnian language. This paper tries to preserve the memory of the most important book in Bosnian phraseology, which begins serious scientific phraseology work in recent Bosnian history. Namely, Frazeologija bosanskoga jezika (2000) itself contains a very important list of idioms. This paper analyzes dictionaries that have been announced as “phraseological”. It also analyzes dictionaries categorized as “Bosnian” according to Gramatika bosanskoga jezika (2000). Also, this paper will examine studies that also contain dictionaries of idioms and books with dictionaries that are very much involved in general topics of phraseology.

The application of modern technologies, with the multimedia distribution of media content through the online platform, in the context of the Bosnia and Herzegovina path of accession to the European Union and NATO, inevitably explores the role of modern media in the political education of citizens as active participants in politics. Bearing in mind the increasing number of Internet users in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the audience’s primary orientation towards online media distribution platforms, this paper deals with the perception of Euro-Atlantic integrations in online media in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is an analysis of the sources and forms used for informing citizens on the political processes that represent the future political path of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The focus of this paper is primarily the total number of published content about Euro-Atlantic integrations in online media, intending to discuss the period of the internal crisis of the political system at the time of the survey (April/May 2019), and that in the same period there was not formed government after the last general elections, which significantly redefines or aggravates the position of Bosnia and Herzegovina to implement the reforms necessary for joining the European Union and NATO. Conclusion of the research, bearing in mind the results and international treatment of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a country in transition is a limited communication framework of online media, which on the one hand, sees a citizen as a user of information, but does not intervene in the process of political education or orientation of citizens in the field of political action or creating active public opinion.

This paper explores Sarajevo’s microtoponyms as sources for studying its past, culture, and traditions. Generally, microtoponyms, more than other language units (eg., phonemes, morphemes, etc.), are subject to changes that are conditioned by socially-political reasons. The approach taken in the paper is primarily linguistic and based on that, the studied microtoponyms are divided according to the language of origin of the basic word into those of Arabic, Persian, or Turkish. The conducted research also confirms several examples with components of mixed origin and those in which the formative formants are from one of the Oriental languages or the Bosnian language.

Following those aspects of Zygmunt Bauman’s theory of postmodern ethics that point to differences between modern “history”, which brings only what has already happened, and postmodern literature, which “corrects” the past by confabulating what could have happened, the paper interprets the work of Bosnian writer Darko Cvijetić, whose (re) presentation of the reality of Bosnia and Herzegovina offers a literary truth about the experiences of crimes against the innocent and a possible new ethical idea of humanity.By starting from the hypothesis that the ethical side of a literary text calls for critical thinking stronger and more effective than facts and documents, we read Cvijetić’s works as testimonies of traumas thatcan be overpassed only if we are aware and willing to accept them. As a testimony to real events and their consequences, which are mostly kept silent, Cvijetić’s literary text deepens consciousness. The paper will examine the ethical dimension (individual and collective) of Cvijetić ‘s opus between factography, literary representation, protagonists, lyrical subjects, writers and recipients.

The paper is dedicated to issues of creativity within several models with a special focus on the Piirto model of creativity. Creativity and innovation are seen as a fundamental competence that enables participation in all forms of social life and work. Creativity in the service of man means being able to solve problems in environments that are becoming increasingly complex. Creativity as such requires a certain degree of literacy. The Piirto model offers a conceptual framework for understanding talent and/or creativity. The model can serve as a framework for interpreting functional literacy that emphasizes the role of family environment, culture and community, school, gender identity, and the factors of chance, ie happiness. In this paper, we will offer the basic starting points of the Piirto model of talent development, and try to interpret this model as a framework in understanding functional literacy.

The primary concern of this paper was the vocabulary acquisition of young, pre-adolescent, learners through the use of TPR (Total Physical Response). The paper attempted to investigate whether pre-adolescent learners (sixteen students who participated as a part of the control group and nineteen students who participated as members of the experimental group) acquire vocabulary more naturally and effectively through the use of TPR than the learners who acquire vocabulary through a more traditional, form-meaning-use, type of acquisition. Moreover, the author attempted to explore the students’ ability to acquire a larger set of vocabulary items (12) within one 45 minute lesson and whether TPR is indeed effective in this process. The paper attempted to investigate the efficiency of TPR on students with kinesthetic, auditory and visual learning preferences. Age, gender, English learning success, learning preferences and overall student success were analyzed in the attempt to investigate the effectiveness of TPR. Male students performed significantly better under the influence of TPR than female students. While there weren’t any significant difference among the students who have excellent English learning success at school, students who had a very good and good English learning success at school performed better under the influence of TPR method. The biggest impact of TPR, when it comes to the overall student success, was with the students with unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good grades. TPR proved to be more suitable for kinesthetic type of learners when compared to auditory learners. One of the questions that the study addressed was the TPR’s ability to help students memorize larger sets of new vocabulary items, and the results have shown that TPR seems to be efficient.

This paper seeks to address English allomorphs, with the analysis being conducted in three novels: The Old Man and the Sea (Starac i more), written by Ernest Hemnigway, Of Mice and Men (O miševima i ljudima), written by John Steinbeck and The Great Gatsby (Veliki Gatsby), written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Allomorphs are different variants of the same morpheme, i.e. different forms or spoken variants of the same morpheme. They appear due to influence of the environment, as well as due to influence of other morphemes. Thus, this paper discusses typesof allomorphs as well as the reasons why they appear. The hypothesis stated in this paper says that additive allomorphs are the most commonly used type of allomorphs in literary works in the English language, for which purpose the analysis was conducted in three mentioned novels. However, it is important to emphasize that thementioned novels were not analyzed completely, but first one hundred pages of each novel were analyzed in order to prove the hypothesis. Although all three novels were written in different language styles, the results have shown many similarities and the main hypothesis has beenproven.

The role of women in the social work profession from the beginnings to today, is greatly significant and indisputable. Long since, social work studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina were enrolled more often by women than by men, which is why many authors refer to social work as a “women’s profession”.The reason why women are more interested in social work studies is in the traditional understanding of women’s roles through care and welfare, and it is therefore not surprising that women more than men settle for the assisting profession.Due to the strong representation of women in the social work profession, the aim of this paper is to analyze and interpret the specific role of women in the process of professionalizing social work in Bosnia and Herzegovina.The paper pays attention to the problems and challenges faced by social workers, and in particular the level of insecurity in the workplace, the threats and attacks they are exposed to on a daily basis. The semi-structured interview (N = 14) came to conclusion that social workers are often victims of verbal and physical assaults, which makes them feel unprotected in their workplace. Due to the increasing frequency of attacks on social workers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, they need to enable official status as soon as possible, hire security guards at all social work centers and social welfare institutions, and to sanction any form of violence to protect these professionals and not to victimize theirusers.

In this paper, the authors seek to critically questioning the relationship between technology and the mind, machine and man, we also try to understand the medium of the Internet, its nature and the way inwhich its integration into everyday life is changing everyday life. The For 30 years, Internet has been a technology, but also a medium of mass communication in society, but the discussions about it are mostlyreduced to either laud of technology or skepticism, which, as Silva Vaidhyanathan (2018) says, are representing those named as „‘orthodox’ media ecologists“. Therefore, in this paper, we are trying to understand the relationship between technology (media) and the mind (man), starting from the observations made by Mumford, Nietzsche, McLuhan, Freud, to the contemporary thinking of McChesney, Carr, Keene, Vaidhyanathan, Searl. We are considering the ways in which the previousmedia, including speech, letter, photography, were changing society and human needs, but also new, changed patterns of behavior in everyday life, which were partly created due to our use of the dominant technology of contemporary age. We also study the source of man’s need for new technologies, inventions, machines, his desire for the control of nature and technique, which, seemingly, is easily transformed into the control of the man himself. In this paper we do not give the final answers to the growing problems and issues of today’s networked and technologized world, but we are dealing with reflections on the development of the Internet, communication technologies and artificial intelligence.

This paper opens a new perspective of cooperation between linguists and a growing movie industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The authors have translated a Bosnian movie, I am from Krajina – the land of chestnut, an outline of turbulent Bosnian history in its very typical, western border-area, known as Krajina. The paper explores issues of translation of Bosnian culture into English, with an emphasis on translation problems and promotion of B&H culture in contemporary Bosnian movies.Throughtranslation analysis, the authors point at translation solutions based on the criterion of their source-language vs. target-language orientation.

This paper will examine the importance and characteristics of the poetics of cold/coldness in Ivo Andrich’s novel The Damned Yard (1957), and it will do so in the context of its political novel genre characteristics. Criticisms of societies, regimes, and ideologies emerged in its novelistic form in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, literary-critical studies devoted to this phenomenon emerged in the second decade of the twentieth century, and the genre flourished on the world literary scene in the years after World War II which is when The Damned Yard was first published. In addition to the features of a political novel, such as a criticism of a social system, in this novel we find a significant presence of the tropes of winter, or coldness, which contributes to its overall stylistic and genre markedness. In the paper, we will analyze how Andrich portrays winter and cold throughout the novel, from the opening to the final paragraph, both literally and in figurative semantic transmissions, as signs of difficulties, despair, worries, old age and death. The novel begins and ends with winter and snow, but cryopoetics is present in the characterization of the characters, their interaction, the description of the outer and inner spaces, as well as the narrative techniques, which we will show in this paper.

The paper deals with the research of Croatian emigrants and their attachment to the homeland. The aim of the paper is to investigate whether there is a difference between Croatian emigrants in habits related to their attachment to the homeland, with regard to the country they emigrated to and with regard to sex. The study was conducted on a sample of 587 Croatian emigrants in Ireland (n = 228) and Germany(n = 359) using a quantitative survey method. Survey results show that there are statistically significant differences in the frequency of socializing with other Croatian emigrants, the frequency of visits to thehomeland, the monitoring of the Croatian media and the preparation of Croatian traditional dishes, given that the emigrants are in Germany or Ireland, in the way that the emigrants who are less connected tothe homeland in Ireland than those in Germany. The study showed that there are no significant differences in the attachment to the homeland when it comes to gender, except in the case of traditional Croatiandishes that women prepare more than men do. Finally, the authors encourage further research into the topic of contemporary Croatian emigration, since such research is lacking.

This paper examines the use of dramatic techniques of storytelling and self-narration on the English stage in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, with an emphasis on Christopher Marlowe’s Tamburlaine the Great and John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi. The playwrights of the period were negotiating their way in a new world in which language was a medium which was coming more and more to be respected, and those who could command it had the potential for advancement in ways never before conceivable. In the forefront of those negotiating for such a place through their dramaturgy were Christopher Marlowe and John Webster. They may be considered the instigators in the development of the self on the English stage in the early modern period through storytelling and self-narration as representational techniques. The paper also examines some of the profound changes in dramaturgy which took place in the period in question and which culminated in the drama of Marlowe and Webster.

In the widest sense the paper deals with Fehim Bajraktarević’s work which is dedicated to Bosniak literary. His literary-critical studies about Safvet-beg Bašagić and mevlud have been specially treated. When it comes to Safvet-beg Bašagić, Bajraktarević tries to determine, by means of a comparative analysis (theory of influence/loan), the influence of German Romantics on Bašagić, especially on his cycle the poem Ašiklije from the poetry collection Trofanda iz hercegovačke dubrave and the poem Hafiz from the poetic collection Misli i čuvstva. On the other side, related to the study of mevlud special attention was given to the Bajraktarević – Nametak controversy regarding Gašević’s Mevlud, as well as other literary-critical issues concerning this genre. We have considered his critical reviews of some important publications, monographs and bibliographies related to Bosnia. These are the bibliographies of Osman A. Sokolović and Alija Nametak, Abdulah Škaljić’s dictionaries, as well as studies written by foreigners about alhamijado literature and the scientific achievements of Turkology in Bosnia. Finally, this paper also treats one Bajraktarević’s text on the contribution of Bosniak literates to the development of total literature on Oriental languages.

This paper aimed to explore whether and how media can be involved in the process of the prevention of extremism and radicalisation from the police point of view. This survey was conducted on a sample of 108 students from the Croatian Police Academy of the Ministry of the Interior by a questionnaire examining the participants’ knowledge on radicalization, the presence of various types of radicalization in their environment, factors and conditions that affect the development of extremism and radicalization and the ability of media to prevent radicalization. Results point out that police officers do see media as a partner stakeholder in preventing radicalisation. The results of this survey could be used to present the importance of media in preventing radicalisation to various stakeholders to start implementing media workers training for the facilitation of this process. This paper gives us an insight into Croatian police officers’ perception of media as their partners in the prevention of radicalisation and extremism. Future survey should include a larger sample with an equal number of participants with and without work experience in the police so that potential differences in their attitudes could be investigated.

In the current climate of debt crisis, debt, both public and private, has become one of the main concerns of economic experts and political leaders alike. At the same time, numerous studies have been published that address the issue of debt from different perspectives and disciplines. Referring to the comprehensive study by an anarchist and anthropologist David Graeber titled Debt: the First 5000 Years (2011), and to the relevant theses of a sociologist and philosopher Maurizio Lazzarato elaborated in his study The Making of the Indebted Man (2011), this paper thematizes the cultural dimension of debt. The aim of the paper is to examine the possibilities of reflecting upon new (old?) solidarity and unification in the fight against excessive indebtedness and unconditional acceptance of the status of the indebted person. This is done through the presentation and analysis of monetary and moral debt, or debt of honor, as key points of plot and unraveling of the narrative in the films Stone Horizons (1953) by Šimo Šimatović and Summer in the Golden Valley (2003) by Srđan Vuletić.

The paper presents the most significant scientific and academic achievements of Dijana Hadžizukić, associate professor at Department for Bosnian language and literature at Faculty of Humanities, ‘Džemal Bijedić’ University of Mostar. Particular focus of the paper is given to author’s scientific books, as well as her participation in national and international conferences. With this, Dijana Hadžizukić stands out as an editor of several publications/conference proceedings, a mentor for students’ final papers (BA and MA) and one PhD thesis. This paper will confirm that Dijana Hadžizukić’s both scientific and academic work place this respected professor among the most relevant researchers of the history of Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature and its contemporary flows.

The present paper discusses alternative lexicography in Bosnia and Herzegovina, its current state and the forms in which it is manifested. These are the texts, that is, lists of words that are named or organized as dictionaries, but in which the definitions and descriptions of the meanings and usages of particular terms are very different by style or content from the definitions presented in conventional lexicography. The most representative works of alternative lexicography in Bosnia and Herzegovina are three larger wordlists that have been published as a separate book or as larger book chapters. These are Nenad Veličković’s Seksikon, Muhidin Šarić’s Rječnik zapretanih riječi u bosanskom jeziku and Ero Gag: Mala zbirka hercegovačkog žargona by an unknown group of authors. Seksikon defines the terms related to human sexuality in a humorous way, while at the same time criticizing different stereotypes and prejudices related to sexuality. The definitions in the book Rječnik zapretanih riječi u bosanskom jeziku are rhymed quatrains which, in entertaining style, explain the meaning of some regionally specific words or archaisms, or words “covered by the ashes (of oblivion)” (an approximate meaning of zapretan). The book Ero Gag: Mala zbirka hercegovačkog žargona defines words from a variety of thematic groups that are claimed to belong to the Herzegovinian jargon, though many of them are also used in conversational style outside Herzegovina. The presented dictionaries differ in form, content, style and size, so that they give us a thorough insight into the potential of alternative lexicography. The main aim of the paper is to shed light on the current state of the alternative lexicography in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to lay the groundwork for its further study.