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This paper first examines the current state of research in the field of social and spatial polarization and social mixing in urban areas. Urban studies have dealt intensively with social polarization in selected neighborhoods as well as with the political actions necessary to allow for social neighborhood mixtures. Second, the article presents empirical evidence of social polarization and mixing processes in Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany. In the last decade, structural changes in the population have taken place in Bonn-Bad Godesberg due to moving the German capital from Bonn to Berlin. A growing ethnic and socio-economic heterogeneity can be observed on a small scale. Based on data provided by the Office of Statistics of the City of Bonn, the empirical survey suggests that polarization has occurred rather than a balanced mixture. Our results show significant changes in the local socio-economic and ethnic characteristics of the district, which indicates a tendency towards increasing polarization and decreasing social mixing. The paper finally concludes that a process of creeping polarization is taking place in Bad Godesberg that demonstrates the associated challenges, risks, and opportunities for local development. English title: Creeping Polarization: Social and Spatial Changes in Bonn-Bad Godesberg after the German Government's Move to Berlin [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focal point of this paper is changes of specific patterns of governance in urban renewal processes in mid-sized cities in East Germany. The starting point of the investigation includes assumptions and first findings that indicate that urban shrinkage necessarily leads to a change and diversification of patterns of governance. Using case studies as a base, this paper examines urban governance in the German cities of Bernburg and Weissenfels. Both cities are affected by shrinkage and both participated in the 2010 International Building Exhibition: Urban Redevelopment Saxony-Anhalt, which was aimed at finding qualifications for urban redevelopment processes. In order to analyze governance within the processes of urban renewal for both case studies, schemes of governance analysis were created to examine the planning processes, institutional influences, stakeholders, and their interactions. The paper concludes that, due to specific framework conditions of urban shrinkage on one hand, and institutional influences on the other, patterns of governance do indeed change over the course of urban redevelopment processes. In both cities, the predominating sovereign approach to urban development was supplemented with cooperative activities. In Bernburg, an extensive cooperation among three stakeholders of the public sector was realized. Changes in Weissenfels included the implementation of enhanced participation for private stakeholders. English title: Urban Governance in Urban Redevelopment Processes in Mid-Sized East German Cities: Patterns of Governance in Urban Redevelopment Processes Using the IBA Cities of Bernburg and Weissenfels as Case Studies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with planning strategies and building practices in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, particularly in its capital, Luxembourg City, which is a small but highly internationalized metropolis. The main goal of the paper is to reconstruct local planning trajectories, starting with the 1960s urban extension of the European quarter and banking district of the Kirchberg Plateau. Since then, spatial planning in city and country seem to favor relatively large-scale projects, considered as drivers of both economic growth and apparently sustainable patterns of spatial development. This particular style of planning and policy-making has been coined the Kirchberg Syndrome. However, the tendency to favor big projects (of which the new, €1 billion university campus/ science district in Esch-Belval is the most recent incarnation) faces serious problems, such as the dominance of office space, a lack of urban integration, and the high risks of financing and implementation. It also happens in a fragmented, intricate environment of urban policy, characterized by small towns and municipalities, limited public planning capabilities and a rather recent tradition – and thus limited acceptance – of planning, policy and regulation. This rather specific "exceptional urbanism" of Luxembourg does not fit in with contemporary planning theories. It can only be understood against the contradictory background of rapid development dynamics, unusually "thick" ways of decision-making and international policy mobilities. English Title: The Kirchberg Syndrome: LargeScale Projects in a Small Country – On building and planning policies in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of the continuing European integration process, some Austrian cities are still disconnected from the dynamic development in the big metropolitan areas. Being confronted with growing competition and threatened by shrinkage processes, these mostly small and mid-sized cities have to fulfill their role as regional centers and economic growth engines. This is especially true for small towns in the Austrian region of Waldviertel, where conditions have changed dramatically since the fall of the Iron Curtain. Hence, this paper will investigate whether the risk of further peripheralisation has been banned in this formerly peripheral region near the border to the Czech Republic. In this context the paper discusses the main theories and concepts explaining regional development in current literature. It examines the most relevant driving forces of regional economic development stressing the importance of endogenous factors and relational capital. The empirical analysis of the Waldviertel reveals the main characteristics of recent economic and demographic development and tries to identify processes of centralisation and peripheralisation within the region. The main results show a slight improvement of the economic situation in recent years and prove that the rural areas can only participate in growth impulses in the regional centers if they are economically linked to them. Based on these empirical findings, the paper elaborates the role of small towns in strategic planning approaches in Austria and discusses opportunities to offer endogenous strategies for sustainable development. It concludes that territorial competitiveness of peripheral regions needs to be supported by comprehensive and network-based planning approaches on a regional level. English Title: Small Towns as Growth Engines for Rural and Peripheral Regions: the Case of Waldviertel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent discussions on urban governance regularly emphasize a trend towards an “entrepreneurialization” which is said to be reflected in a growing importance of local and regional scales, an increased relevance of partnerships and the strategic positioning of localities in an environment of intensified place-competition. Building a case study in six medium-sized German cities that are characterized by economic losses and population decline, the article discusses different trajectories of local governance. First, it shows that the actual modes of local governance gain importance. Second, it shows that the actual local modes of governance are fairly different among the cases studied. Therefore, many localities are more dependent on resources from the national government than on private investment, lending more significance to public-public cooperation than to public-private cooperation. Third, the paper argues that the ability to implement long-term local development strategies is severely complicated by a dependence on external resources. As a consequence, short-term project-orientation prevails in the majority of cases. The paper focuses on these different experiences and discusses implications for the analysis of urban governance in peripheralized cities and regions. English Title: Governance and Peripheralization – experiences and approaches in six mid-sized German cities [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper develops peripheralization as an approach to analyzing socio-spatial processes. Peripheralization refers to the social “making” of peripheral cities and regions. This is in contrast to definitions of spatial “peripheries”, which see them as a static and natural reality and refer mainly to thinly populated rural areas. Against this, the approach of peripheralization encompasses cities and city regions. For this purpose, out-migration, disconnection and dependence are distinguished in the fields of local/regional economy, infrastructure and politics. Policy-makers are challenged to react to these processes that can be seen as the complementary side to the centralization of economic and political headquarters, gateways, population, employment and services in metropolitan areas. In the second part, the paper describes strategic (re-)actions by local politicians and planners that have been analyzed empirically in six midsized cities in Germany. In the general context of economic globalization and the financial crises of most German municipalities, the authors discuss opportunities and problems for strategic planning in medium-sized cities to cope with peripheralization processes. English Title: Peripheralization – Processes, Problems and Strategies in Mid-Sized Cities [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Archives of Agronomy & Soil Science is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Linguistica Hafniensia: International Journal of Linguistics is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)