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Background: Obtaining informed consent is a challenging task and is part of the educational objectives in the German NKLM. Teaching formats are inconsistent and time-consuming, with little emphasis on legal aspects, although they have moved into the focus of attention since the implementation of patient rights laws and play an important role in legal proceedings., Objectives: The aim of this study was the evaluation of medical students' knowledge about the legal aspects of obtaining informed consent. A legal analysis was performed, and the patient rights laws were reviewed with reference to implications for undergraduate medical education., Materials and Methods: After the analysis of laws and jurisdiction, multiple-choice questions regarding the legal aspects of obtaining informed consent were created and placed in the Progress Test Medicine (PTM). A statistical analysis of the results of Berlin medical students was performed descriptively., Results: The answers of 2625 (winter semester 2018/19) and 2409 (summer semester 2019) medical students in Berlin were analyzed. The rate of students who answered the questions about the procedures requiring informed consent and adequate time for consideration increased over time but did not reach comparable values to all PTM questions. Questions about required content were answered correctly by 30 to 60% of the students, regardless of their level of training; we did not see an increase along with the time of study., Conclusion: In our study, we were able to show that medical students of all educational levels show tentativeness when it comes to the legal aspects of obtaining informed consent. Yet, the legal framework offers room for new teaching formats like "Co-Action", introduced in this paper for the first time, where students acquire informed consent while being supervised by the medical doctor in charge., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Background: Herbert Siegmund (1892-1954) was undoubtedly one of the most influential German pathologists of the 20th century. He received numerous high honors both during the Third Reich and after 1945. He was, among other things, rector of the University of Münster (1943-1945), holder of the Goethe Medal awarded by Hitler (1944), honorary doctor of the University of Cologne (1949), recipient of the Paracelsus Medal (1953), and president of the German Society for Pathology (DGP, 1954). The almost seamless post-war career was possible above all because Siegmund was counted among the politically uninvolved university physicians after 1945. It was not until after the turn of the millennium that this picture cracked., Material and Methods: The article is based on primary sources from the state archives of Schleswig-Holstein and North Rhine-Westphalia, the University Archives of Münster, the Federal Archives of Berlin, the University Archives of Cologne, and the City Archives of Stuttgart, some of which were evaluated for the first time. Two questions are at the center of this article: (1) To what extent can it be proven that Siegmund benefited from the Nazi state in terms of his career after 1933? (2) Are there indications that he served the Nazi regime and its networks? In addition, we will discuss how Siegmund himself described his role in the Third Reich and whether his statements stand up to critical scrutiny., Results: The paper concludes that Siegmund contributed to valorizing the Nazi system. After 1945, he did not position himself at a critical distance from his activities in the Third Reich; rather, he drew of himself - largely unopposed - the image of a politically blameless scholar.

The use of high-quality, well-characterized biomaterials and their clinical and demographic information for biomedical research has steadily increased in importance over the last 10 years. There are several reasons for this. On the one hand, several studies have shown that even in high-profile scientific papers the description of the origin and characteristics of the biomaterials used is missing or insufficient. On the other hand, it has become generally accepted that small collections of biomaterials are often created under ethically and legally unclear conditions without quality measures and without sufficient sustainability.The establishment of a centralized biomaterial bank (ZeBanC) was initiated in order to steer the biomaterial collections at the Charité under well defined conditions. This activity is carried out in close cooperation between the Charité and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH).