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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Konfliktmanagement is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the court case OVG Lower Saxony, ruling v. 8/22/2019-8LC 116/18, rkr. (VG Hannover-7A5658/17, GesR 2019, 191) wherein claim for compulsory membership in the Lower Saxony Nursing Chamber, Germany is questioned. It reports on the fundamental rights of the European Union (EU), nursing homes and work of nurses.

The article discusses the court case VG Hannover, ruling v. November 7, 2018-7 A 5658/17, n.rkr. wherein Lower Saxony Chamber Law, Germany for the health professions in nursing including medical law, nurses training and compulsory membership. Topics include training in the exercise of social security law, association of health insurance companies and medical care facilities.

The article reports on current library legislation in Germany, with specific reference to law for the libraries in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany and the national press law of August 30, 2016.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erwägen Wissen Ethik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the 2010 annual report of the Deutsches Historisches Institut in Rom. Topics discussed include the 50th jubilee of the institute's department for music history with various symposia, congresses, and presentations organized for the occasion. The topic of the annual conference focused on music research in the international context and was attended by president of the German parliament Prof. Dr. Norbert Lammert, and various ambassadors. The jubilee publication "Von Geheimhaltung zur internationalen und interdisziplinären Forschung" is presented. Details are offered on various research projects conducted within the framework of the institution, publications, and lectures.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Unternehmens- und Gesellschaftsrecht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article informs about lexicographical studies and historical dictionaries dealing with Ottoman influence on European languages. The conception of a planned historical dictionary of Ottoman words in selected European languages is presented and illustrated by a number of sample articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Juristische Rundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Unternehmens- und Gesellschaftsrecht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Unternehmens- und Gesellschaftsrecht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the journalism federation called Netzwerk Recherche and its media codex or set of standards enjoining journalists' involvement in public relations with the injunction "Journals don't do PR." Public relations practices of journalists are seen as a threat to independent journalism. Nine principles from the Media Codex are presented that relate to journalistic integrity and ethics. Workshops and publications sponsored by Netzwerk Recherche are said to address email security, data confidentiality, online research, and fact-checking.

Early Christian martyrology presents its protagonists almost uniformly as heroic figures: They hold on to their beliefs, they neglect physical pain and they are not afraid of death. Thus a Christian martyr stays calm and tempered even if subjected to severe distress and masters every situation with dignity. Another idealized character is the stoic sage. Similarly, he keeps his ''stoic'' countenance: he will not accept alterations of his emotional status and instead welcomes whichever fate he meets, since in his view following and accomplishing one's divine destiny outranks saving one's own life. The attribution of similar qualities and character traits to the vir sapiens of stoic philosophy on the one hand and to the martyr of the Christian church on the other, as seen in many literary representations, inevitably raises the question of (literary) interdependence. The answer to this question has to be multifaceted: Early Christian martyrology includes examples of direct influence of Stoicism (a), of indirect adoption of motifs taken over from Stoicism via Jewish martyr literature (b) or via philosophical syncretism in the Roman Principate (c); in addition to these, one has to assume the possibility of independent creation (d). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of JURA - Juristische Ausbildung is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Juristische Rundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of JURA - Juristische Ausbildung is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the oath that Jews were forced to take in European courts in order to be witnesses, focusing on legal cases which took place during the time of the Enlightenment in the 18th century. It examines literature written by a Jewish lawyer who had converted to Protestantism, Carl Anton, which sympathizes with the Jews, and it examines anti-Jewish writings of the time. Also discussed is the oath written by a Jewish scholar and deemed acceptable by Prussian king Friedrich II. in 1786.

Copyright of JURA - Juristische Ausbildung is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article deals with the motivation for the persecution of Christians during the Roman tetrarchy of 303-311/313. In the first part, five main explanations are presented, which can be found both in the sources itself and in modern research. As none of these explanations can claim an absolute interpretation, there is room for another theory. In the second part, I try to prove that theory: I act on the assumption, that the Christians didn't provoke the persecution by their behaviour, but were chosen as a group of victims because they were “different”. The exclusion, resulting of that persecution, should starch the identity of the other inhabitants of the empire. This was possibly to balance the threatening deficit of stability after the intended abdication of Diocletian in 305. In fact there are evidences for this theory in the sources: Mainly the exotification of the Christians demonstrated by the concrete measures of the persecution as described by Eusebius are an evidence, that the persecution of Christians during the tetrarchy was motivated to consolidate the stability in the empire by using the simple sociological mechanism of “Identity per Exclusion”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of JURA - Juristische Ausbildung is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)