1. [Clinical significance of neuroendocrine tumors : Incidence, symptoms, diagnosis, stage, and prognostic factors and their influence on disease management].
- Author
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Hartrampf PE, Serfling SE, Higuchi T, Bojunga J, Weich A, and Werner RA
- Subjects
- Humans, Prognosis, Incidence, Symptom Assessment, Clinical Relevance, Neuroendocrine Tumors therapy, Neuroendocrine Tumors epidemiology, Neuroendocrine Tumors diagnosis, Neuroendocrine Tumors pathology, Neoplasm Staging
- Abstract
Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are heterogenous with an increasing incidence in recent years., Objectives: Overview on incidence, symptoms, diagnostics, grading, imaging and prognostic determinants, including factors having an impact on therapeutic management., Methods: Review on current literature, including original articles, reviews, guidelines and expert opinions., Results: NEN are mainly located in the gastrointestinal tract and their incidence has increased in recent years, mainly due to improved diagnostics, e.g., cross-sectional imaging. Clinical characteristics include hormone excess syndromes (carcinoid syndrome). Laboratory markers such as chromogranin A are commonly used as part of routine diagnostics, followed by endoscopic and endosonographic procedures, which also allow biopsies to be obtained. Tumor spread can be determined by contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) or somatostatin receptor (SSRT)-PET/CT (positron emission tomography). Prognostic factors include Ki67 index, type, and grading. Resection with curative intent is the therapy of choice. In a metastasized setting, SSRT-directed treatment approaches are favored, while in dedifferentiated NEN, conventional chemotherapy is needed., Conclusion: A broad diagnostic armamentarium can be offered to NEN patients and the improved diagnostic procedures have most likely caused a raising incidence in recent years. Among others, prognostic factors are Ki67 and NEN subtypes; these clinical determinants also have an impact on patient management., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
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