Search

On the clinical significance of reduced executive functions in elderly patients with mental illnesses Research question: Executive functions (EF) show increasing deficits in old age.There are also numerous studies demonstrating the importance of EF in relation to depression, anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder in older patients., Methods: The study presented examined this question in a sample of patients in a psychosomatic clinic who were in middle (< 60years) and older age (≥ 60years) (N = 150) and compared them with a psychologically non-stressed comparison sample (N = 157).The survey instrument used to assess EF was the Trail-Making Test (TMT)., Results: The results show age and setting differences, i. e. older as well as mentally ill subjects showed worse results; an interaction effect was also found. Associations of symptoms and EF were found only in the elderly sample, but not in the middle-aged sample., Conclusions: The results show that the importance of impaired executive functions is a clinically relevant variable in psychotherapy of the elderly.

Abstract: Executive dysfunctions are common following traumatic brain injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. The associated behavioral changes or deficits in emotion recognition are usually not addressed in neuropsychological diagnostics. Hence, we developed the Cologne Executive Assessment (KEX), which represents an extension of existing instruments and is based on recent research concerning executive functions. The KEX's subtests – Pair Association Learning-5, Animal-Word Interference Test, Emotion Recognition Test, Informant-based Frontal Assessment Questionnaire – were examined in clinical and healthy samples with 1,232 participants from the Cologne University Hospital (Clinic and Polyclinic for Neurology) between 2014 and 2020. This work introduces the subtests and presents results from the normation studies. The KEX proves to be an economical and easy-to-use instrument for assisting an orienting assessment of executive dysfunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Executive functions include mental abilities associated with higher control and planning tasks and the coordination of basal cognitive processes. Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can impair these abilities in the long term and significantly limit all-day functioning and quality of life. Clinical neuropsychology has methods for diagnosing executive dysfunctions and offers a variety of strategies for their treatment. In 2023, an interdisciplinary network of experts, the International Group of Cognitive Researchers and Clinicians (INCOG), published a revised and updated guideline recommendation for treating impaired executive functions and self-awareness after moderate to severe TBI. This article summarizes and comments on the central points of these guidelines. In addition, it compares them to the S2e guidelines of the Association of the Scientific Medical Society e. V. (AWMF) and the German Society for Neurology (DGN) on "Diagnostics and Therapy of Executive Dysfunctions in Neurological Diseases." The article concludes with a discussion of the limitations and practical applicability of the guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Cognitive communication disorders (CCDs) mainly affect communicative pragmatics, primarily as a result of associated cognitive impairment of memory, attention, and executive functioning. Impairments of social cognition (e. g., empathy, theory of mind) play a particularly important role. It is thus obvious why the assessment and treatment of CCDs is relevant for both neuropsychologists and speech language therapists. In 2023, an international, interdisciplinary network, the so-called INCOG-Group, published updated evidence-based guidelines for the assessment and treatment of CCDs and associated sociocognitive disorders, specifically following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. The article presents these guidelines in a condensed and commented fashion. Initial suggestions are made for the interdisciplinary treatment of CCDs by clinical neuropsychologists and speech therapists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Praxis Sprache is the property of Schulz-Kirchner Verlag Gmbh and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lernen und Lernstörungen is the property of Hogrefe AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim of the Study: In this study the correlation between executive functions and intelligence as assessed by the BRIEF-P and WNV, respectively will be examined., Methods: A sample of 447 children at the 4;0-5;11 year age group was assessed with the WNV. Additionally, parents answered a questionnaire on executive functions (BRIEF-P) and a second questionnaire concerning family background. Partial correlations were calculated on the subtest and scale level and linear regression models were tested., Results: The primary scale Working Memory (BRIEF-P) contributes to an explanation of cognitive functions (WNV), as does the maternal educational level. WM an the Emergent Metacognition Index, which is incorporated the WM scale, shows significant correlation with subtests and with both of the higher order IQ scales of the WNV., Conclusion: Already at the preschool age, executive functions play an important role in intelligence. Deficits in EF are related to ADHD and to negative school careers. Early programs for prevention or intervention should be implemented to improve conditions for academic learning., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

The review in the Journal of Neuropsychology discusses the therapy material "Now I'm making a new plan!" by Prof. Dr. Sandra V. Müller. The material is aimed at individuals with executive function disorders (EF) and is intended to improve their planning thinking. It includes tasks at six levels of difficulty, covering various professional, everyday, and leisure situations. The material has been revised and corrected in its second version and is available in both printed and online formats. The reviewers recommend the material based on their own experiences with the first edition. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie is the property of Hogrefe AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, following Alzheimer's disease. Along with the characteristic motor symptoms of the disorder, especially bradykinesia, cognitive deficits can often be found prior to the onset of the disorder. These mainly concern executive functioning. To detect cognitive deficits at an early stage, initial screening procedures are recommended. The new cognitive rapid test Paarassoziationslernen-5 ("PAL-5") has been developed to detect the most prevalent cognitive symptoms - namely executive impairments - of PD patients. It consists of a direct recall of five incompatible and newly jointed word pairs (capitals vs. countries), an intermediate formal lexical word fluency task ("FAS-Test") and a delayed recall. Thereby, the three major executive functioning processes are tested: cognitive flexibility, inhibition and memory. In the department of neurology of the University Clinic of Cologne, the PAL-5 was completed by 154 PD patients, 115 participants with cognitive deficits without a PD diagnosis and 115 controls (N = 384) between 2014 and 2016. For purposes of retest reliability determination, another 42 controls were examined from February to July 2017, with a four-month time interval between the initial and second test. Highly significant group differences have been found. PD patients and cognitive impaired participants scored significantly lower than the control group. A comparison of PD patients and cognitively impaired participants did not reveal significant group differences. Additionally, a moderate to high correlation between PAL-5 and MMST as well as PAL-5 and PANDA was found (respectively p < .001). An ROC analysis of the PAL-5 total score of PD patients with a score lower than 11 showed an AUC of .91. Therefore, a cut-off of ≤ 10 seems to be practicable to detect cognitive deficits - especially executive functioning deficits and memory impairments - in PD patients. It has been shown that cognitive flexibility, inhibition and memory is a short useful combination for a screening procedure of PD patients., Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Abstract: Background: Adolescence is considered a vulnerable phase for the development of addictive disorders, with a large proportion of young people who is affected. Central for addictive behavior are problems in the executive control and self-regulation of feelings, thoughts and behavior. For years the concept of mindfulness has been in public focus. Numerous neurobiological and clinical studies demonstrate the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions for strengthening executive regulation of stress and behavioral impulses in addictive disorders and comorbid psychological symptoms. Methods: Selective literature review on mindfulness and substance-related disorders in children and adolescents. Results: Empirical evidence to assess the utility of mindfulness programs to prevent and treat addictive disorders in children and adolescents is lacking to date. As part of the ongoing research network "IMAC-Mind: Improving Mental Health and Reducing Addiction Risk in Childhood and Adolescence through Mindfulness: Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment," the multivariate risk profiles for addictive disorders are being investigated and translated into mindfulness-based intervention models. Conclusion: This article derives research needs on addictive disorders and mindfulness from a youth-specific perspective and provides information about ongoing projects in the research network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autistic students often perform academically lower than non-autistic students. At the same time, there is great variability in academic outcomes among autistic students. Not rarely do they have academic outcomes that are discrepant from their general intellectual ability. To understand which factors influence the learning of autistic students, this article provides an overview of the learning prerequisites of autistic students. The overview shows that it can be difficult for autistic students to retrieve prior knowledge and actively use it in learning situations, adequately control learning processes due to impaired executive functions, process verbal and visual information in working memory, spontaneously employ cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies, engage in learning activities that are not in line with their special interests, and regulate emotions by using appropriate strategies. To support the learning of autistic students, interventions for each of the learning prerequisites are presented. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lernen und Lernstörungen is the property of Hogrefe AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs during childhood and adolescence. In many cases, however, the disorder persists into adulthood. In addition to the core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and restlessness, the adult disorder is also characterized by affective dysregulation and impairment of executive functions. Patients show functional limitations in their daily lives and an increased risk of comorbid disorders. The German S3 guidelines suggest a combination of medication and psychosocial interventions. In controlled studies, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in particular showed positive effects in compensating for functional impairments and treating comorbid internalizing symptoms in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lernen und Lernstörungen is the property of Hogrefe AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of executive function is a so-called umbrella concept, so that it includes many different and in some cases mutually contradictory higher-level organizational abilities such as planning, monitoring, inhibition and control of action. Typically, the cause of an executive dysfunction is an underlying lesion in the prefrontal cortex or subcortical regions. Deficits in executive functions appear in the fields of cognition as well as behavior. Diagnosis requires the use of a wide-ranging repertoire of tests and questionnaires making it a time-consuming process. Different therapeutic approaches addressing the diverse symptoms of executive dysfunction, both positive and negative, are available. These include modification and manipulation of the environment and practice of cognitive repetitive procedures. The former are implemented particularly in cases of severely impaired persons. The latter are used in persons in whom cognitive dysfunctions are the dominating symptoms of the disorder.The operational area of therapeutic approaches using paper and pencil as well as computer programs limits them to treatment of cognitive dysfunction. If behavioral disturbances dominate the clinical picture, other procedures should be used.The effectiveness of cognitive therapy of executive dysfunction is well demonstrated according to the criteria of evidence-based medicine (EBM)., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Copyright of Lernen und Lernstörungen is the property of Hogrefe AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of WISTA Wirtschaft und Statistik is the property of Statistisches Bundesamt and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Presence of mild cognitive impairment is currently the best predictor for the development of Parkinson's disease dementia. Diagnostic criteria for both Parkinson's with mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson's disease dementia have been suggested by the Movement Disorder Society. However, not all cognitive tests recommended are available in the German language with proper standard values., Objectives: To define evidence-based guidelines for neuropsychological assessment of patients with Parkinson's disease in German., Methods: Two systematic literature searches were conducted. First, articles that presented international guidelines (consensus papers or reviews) for the application of standardized neuropsychological assessments for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease were selected. Of those, only neuropsychological assessments in German language with normative values referring either to a German, Austrian, or Swiss population were considered. Second, articles comparing test performances of healthy controls vs. Parkinson's disease and/or different cognitive Parkinson's disease subtypes (e.g. no cognitive impairment, Parkinson's with mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease dementia) were selected. Effect sizes for group differentiation were calculated., Results: Out of 127 full-text articles reviewed, 48 tests were identified during the first literature search. In the second search, 1716 articles were reviewed and 23 papers selected. The strongest effect sizes for group discrimination were revealed for tests assessing executive function, attention, and visuo-cognitive abilities. Based on the results of the two literature searches, consensus guidelines were defined by the authors, allowing for Level-II diagnosis for Parkinson's with mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson's disease dementia., Conclusions: The presented guidelines may have the potential to standardize and improve the neuropsychological assessment of Parkinson's disease patients in German speaking countries., Competing Interests: Inga Liepelt-Scarfone: Förderung wissenschaftlicher Forschungsprojekte durch: International ParkinsonFonds (Deutschland) GmbH, Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Michael J Fox Foundation und der European Commission, H2020-TWINN-2015. Elke Kalbe: Förderung wissenschaftlicher Forschungsprojekte durch: BMBF, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Parkinson und Bewegungsstörungen, ParkinsonFonds (Deutschland) GmbH, RheinEnergieStiftung; Honorare für Vorträge von: Oticon GmbH, terzo GmbH, Sandoz GmbH, Lilly GmbH, Desitin GmbH. Susanne Gräber-Sultan: keine Oliver Riedel: keine Hubert Ringendahl: Mitglied im Psychologischen Beirat der Deutschen Parkinson-Vereinigung e.V. Nele Schmidt: keine Karsten Witt: Förderung wissenschaftlicher Forschungsprojekte durch: DFG und BMBF; Honorare für Vorträge von: Bayer, UCB, Stadapharm, Boston Scientific und BIAL. Es besteht ein Beratervertrag mit BIAL. Sandra Röske – keine, (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Lernen und Lernstörungen is the property of Hogrefe AG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

School-based Mindfulness Programs for Children and Adolescents Mindfulness is a mental state achieved by focusing one's awareness on the present moment, while calmly acknowledging and accepting one's bodily sensations, sensory feedback, thoughts, and feelings. Mindfulness interventions can improve proprioception, direction of attention, and emotion regulation. An accepting attitude towards thoughts and feelings reduces the experience of stress so that it is easier to cope with stressful situations. The regular practice of mindfulness exercises affects neurobiological mechanisms, which can lead to an improvement of executive functions as well as psychological health. Metaanalyses provide evidence of small effects of mindfulness interventions in schools, both in cognitive areas (executive functions, concentration, memory) and in emotional areas (anxiety, depressivity, wellbeing). The focus of this review article is on German and English-language mindfulness programmes for children and adolescents in schools, which have already been the subject of initial evaluation studies. This study presents the programmes Paws b, Mind Up, and Mehr Ruhe for children, and .b, Mind Up, AISCHU, and 8sam for adolescents, together with their evaluation results. The conclusion discusses open questions concerning conceptual and methodological issues.

The present review focuses on cognitive and participation impairments after aneurysmal subarachnoidal hemorrhage (aSAH). Such impairments may be present even in cases without evidence of damage in the neuropsychologically expected brain area. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may be responsible for this finding. Most frequently, cognitive impairment can be found in the verbal memory domain, visuospatial skills and memory domain, attention and working memory domain, executive functions (planning, central control, problem solving, attention, decision making), psychomotor speed and language domain. The presence of cognitive deficits is a major risk factor not to return to work again. Together with cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms like anxiety, depression and fatigue may be observed. Psychiatric disturbances result in impairments of social and vocational participation and - consecutively - worsening of quality of life., Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at significant risk of psychomotor and cognitive developmental disorders, with negative effects on psychosocial and academic performance and quality of life. Innate characteristics such as genetic abnormalities, type and severity of CHD and socioeconomic factors are the most important risk factors. Prenatally, hypoperfusion or hypoxia can cause developmental and maturation disorders of the brain, thus promoting postpartum lesions of the more vulnerable brain substance and neurodevelopmental disorders. The high-risk group includes primarily infants requiring open heart surgery. Specific phenotypic characteristics of development emerge at different ages: in early childhood motor and linguistic articulation deficits; at school age impaired speech and language, attention, memory, visual-spatial, executive, and motor skills, often associated with academic deficits, and emotional or social issues; in adolescence executive, psychosocial and psychiatric disorders and impaired quality of life; in adulthood, neurocognitive, psychosocial and problems of self-management and professional perspective. Physical and social functioning, psychomotor development and mental health are key factors for quality of life. The German Society of Pediatric Cardiology demands detailed serial neuropsychological examinations at the age of 2 and 5 years, before puberty and before adulthood, for the high-risk group of children with CHD operated on in infant age in order to detect and to treat partial performance disorders at an early stage., Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Neuropsychological assessment should be an integral component of clinical psychiatric diagnostics. Yet, the commonly used tests have not been investigated adequately for this population so far. The current study evaluated a clinically approved neuropsychological test battery by analyzing data on 226 mentally ill patients using factor and regression analyses. The extraction of three factors (Speed, Memory, and Executive Functions) proved to be adequate as the tests could be allocated properly. Regression analysis revealed an economical basis assessment consisting of three tests (TAP Alertness, VLMT, and Matrices Test). Based on acceptance, economy, and factorial structure aspects, we recommend the investigated test battery for neuropsychological assessment of psychiatric and psychosomatic patients., Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Executive functions, visuo-spatial processing and control of behaviour are pertinent for safe driving. In patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, these abilities can be impaired, in addition to age-related impairments, and driving ability can be compromised at an early stage. Neurologists and psychiatrists play an important role in the examination, counseling and, if required, the issuing of a medical driving ban. Mistakes in this process may ensue forensic sequelae for the involved physicians. The present article presents the relevant conditions and associated cognitive impairments, and gives some recommendations on the neuropsychological workup and on the communication with patients and relatives concerning driving., Competing Interests: Interessenkonflikt: Der Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Background: The rising prevalence of the burnout syndrome has increasingly moved it into the focus of scientific interest. In addition to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, particularly reduced personal accomplishment has strong societal and economic effects. In recent years reduced personal accomplishment has increasingly been linked to cognitive impairment. However, up to now only a few studies have objectively assessed cognitive deficits in burnout patients. This article gives an overview of 16 studies which examined cognitive abilities in burnout patients. The findings are partly contradictory, probably due to methodical differences. Consensus has emerged concerning impairments of executive functions, i.a. vigilance, and memory updating and monitoring. Multifactorial causation may underlie the cognitive impairments., Outlook: Targeted longitudinal studies are necessary in order to identify the affected cognitive functions and be able to make causal inferences on links between the burnout syndrome and specific cognitive impairments.

In the context of neurological assessment, neuropsychological deficits, in particular of attention and memory functions, usually require additional neuropsychological evaluation. Clinical neuropsychology also has at its disposal an inventory of validated and standardized tests for assessing symptom validity. Procedure, test selection, quality criteria and limitations of neuropsychological expert medical evaluations are presented. Independent expert evaluations should be conducted by a qualified clinical neuropsychologist., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Patients with lesions of the prefrontal cortex as a result of frontal brain tumors (intra- and extra-axial) can show impairments of executive functions 1 2 3 4. Although there are a large number of psychological tests, the detection of impairments of relevant everyday executive functions in these patients is still extremely difficult. In 30 patients with lesions of the prefrontal cortex, the executive functions were tested with the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) and 21 patients were also followed up postoperatively. Additionally, if possible, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), a widely used executive function test, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) for general cognitive performance were conducted. Pre- and postoperatively, a total of 16 patients were followed up with all three tests. The aim was to investigate the neuropsychological assessment pre- and postoperatively, to evaluate it in terms of deficits and changes in performance and to ensure that no new relevant everyday cognitive deficits arose. Preoperatively, only one patient, who could not be tested post-surgery, showed a reduced overall profile value in the BADS.  In all tested patients, there was no evidence of deterioration of cognitive status 8 - 12 weeks postoperatively. Further investigations using fMRI should be used to clarify whether the results obtained should be interpreted as neuroplastic adaptations of prefrontal cognitive functions or as a failure to detect deficits due to a lack of sensitivity of the tests used., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Objective: Investigate whether treatment response in people at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR) is predicted by their cognitive performance., Method: 128 CHR outpatients were randomized into two treatment groups, one receiving integrated psychological intervention (IPI), including psychoeducation, the other receiving supportive counselling (SC) for 12 months. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify neurocognitive predictors of treatment response in a subgroup of n = 105, measured by symptomatic and functional improvement at 1-year follow-up., Results: In the IPI, treatment response was associated with performance of executive control and processing speed (R² = 0.27, p = 0.002). In both treatment groups, performance of working memory/attention was a significant predictor (IPI: R² = 0.15, p = 0.039, SC: R² = 0.19, p = 0.012)., Conclusion: Cognitive performance is associated with treatment response in CHR people. The enhancement of cognitive performance is a useful target of early intervention., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)