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Copyright of Sekretär is the property of Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde eV and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Australia is a multicultural society in which over 300 different indigenous and migrant languages are spoken. While its cultural diversity is often celebrated, Australia's linguistic diversity is still at risk due to the inherent monolingual mindset (cf. Clyne 2005) of its population. In this paper, we use a cross-disciplinary approach, drawing on both historical and sociolinguistic sources, to investigate some of the major causes of language shift among first- and subsequent generations of post-war German-speaking migrants in Australia. While historical and societal changes have provided greater opportunities for German to be maintained as a heritage language in Australia, these developments may have come too late or have not been effective in the face of English as the dominant language in Australia and as a global language. Our investigation indicates that Australians with German as a heritage language, like many other migrant groups, are still at a high risk of shift to English, despite recent opportunities for language maintenance provided by modern society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SIRIUS - Zeitschrift fur Strategische Analysen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Julius-Kühn-Archiv is the property of Julius Kuehn Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Partly because of a lack of governmental commitment in educational work, tissue donation is largely unknown in the German population, although it has an increasing relevance for patient care. Due to the progress in research, the shortage of donor tissues in Germany is constantly increasing and has to be compensated by imports. In contrast, nations such as the USA are self-sufficient in donor tissue and can even export it. Since not only individual but also institutional factors (e.g., legal framework, allocation principles and the organization of tissue donation) can lead to these national differences in donor rates, the present systematic literature review will investigate how these factors influence the willingness to donate tissue., Methods: Relevant publications were systematically searched in seven databases. The search command consisted of English and German terms for the two search components "tissue donation" and "health care system". Papers published in English or German between 2004 and May 2021 and focusing on the analysis of institutional factors influencing the willingness to donate tissue post-mortem for transplantation were included (inclusion criteria); studies on blood and organ and living donation as well as publications not dealing with institutional factors influencing the willingness to donate tissue were excluded (exclusion criteria). In reporting, we followed the PRISMA 2020 statement., Results: Of 1,398 hits, seven were finally included after screening. Many of the remaining studies focused on organ donation or non-institutional aspects of tissue donation. Only two studies considered the central population perspective. Furthermore, five publications originate from an Australian research group and focus on the international allocation of tissues. The results highlight the inadequate state of research and at the same time suggest that both tissue bank organization and allocation principles may influence the willingness to donate tissue. At the same time, the publications indicate that tissue donors are often not informed about a potential commercial use or an international allocation of tissues, which represents an ethical-legal conflict., Conclusion: The results indicate that institutional factors may influence people's willingness to donate. In particular, the lack of societal awareness of the issue results in various areas of tension for which recommendations for action have been developed. In order to prevent a slump in tissue donations because of socially unacceptable practices, further population-based studies should explore the institutional framework conditions that society demands for tissue donation., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)

Background: Although psychotherapy is an important pillar in the treatment of bipolar disorders, alongside pharmacotherapy, non-drug and complementary procedures, there is no up to date evidence synthesis for inpatient psychotherapeutic treatment and work with caregivers., Objective: To review and evaluate the current study situation on evidence-based inpatient psychotherapy for bipolar disorders., Material and Methods: 1.Summary of the evidence for inpatient psychotherapy in adolescents and adults with bipolar disorders from current review articles and guidelines (German S3 guidelines, Australian, Canadian, and British NICE guidelines). 2. Systematic literature search (PRISMA) in Cochrane trials and Medline (via PubMed). 2a. Identification of original articles using the following search term: "bipolar fft" OR "bipolar ipsrt" OR "bipolar cbt" OR "bipolar cognitive remediation" OR "bipolar psychotherapy inpatient". 2b. Screening of n = 942 publications on the following inclusion criteria: randomized controlled efficacy trials, inpatient treatment/recruitment in the inpatient setting, adolescent or adult patients with bipolar disorder or caregivers., Results: The guidelines recommend a combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorders (so far no evidence-based presentation of inpatient psychotherapy). The results from reviews and original papers are heterogeneous. Recently described evidence-based psychotherapeutic approaches for inpatient treatment are family focused therapy (FFT), interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) and psychoeducation., Conclusion: Although the current evidence is heterogeneous and further systematic studies are necessary, the results indicate that psychotherapy should be started or initiated in the inpatient setting with inclusion of caregivers., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)