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Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Aquesta recerca examina el paper actual del Tribunal de Justícia de la Unió Europea en la governança de la Unió a la llum de la seva jurisprudència recent enunciant primerament resolucions jurisdiccionals emblemàtiques de l’última dècada (2010-2019) i fent una anàlisi particular de la Sentència Bauer i Broßonn, de 2018, per la seva especial transcendència respecte a l’efecte directe horitzontal dels drets reconeguts per la Carta de Drets Fonamentals de la Unió Europea i, indirectament, la invocabilitat en un litigi entre particulars de preceptes d’una directiva que concreta aquells drets. A continuació s’analitza la posició privilegiada del Tribunal de Justícia en l’organigrama institucional de la Unió després del Tractat de Lisboa, de 13 de desembre de 2007, per comprendre millor per què aquesta institució ha pogut contribuir tan decisivament a la preservació i la consolidació de la integració europea. L’estudi conclou amb l’examen de si existeix un govern de jutges en la Unió Europea.

The collaborative volume The Science of Linguistics brings together a number of contributions on topics related to linguistic typology, sociolinguistics, onomastics, discourse analysis, multilingualism, language acquisition, and more. As such, the editors do justice to the title they have chosen, featuring authors and papers on subjects covering the wide spectrum of linguistic endeavours, that all have one thing in common: the rigorous analysis of language. This volume is dedicated to professor Ștefan Oltean, mentor, advisor, friend, or colleague of many of the contributors to this volume.

Studia theodisca XXVIII (2021) - Call for Papers

Ralf Schimmer beantwortet Fragen über die Positionierung der Max Planck Gesellschaft zu Open Access und spricht auch über Motive und Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung der programmatischen Schrift „Disrupting the subscription journals' business model for the necessary large-scale transformation to open access: A Max Planck Digital Library Open Access Policy White Paper”. Thematisiert werden auch die verschiedenen Wege und die Finanzierung von Open Access sowie die Frage nach der künftigen Aufgabe für Bibliotheken, wenn Open Access das klassische Modell der subskriptions- und lizenzbasierten Zeitschrift abgelöst hat.

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Reseña

Els escàndols de corrupció a l’Estat espanyol han comportat una crisi de credibilitat del sector públic i dels seus mecanismes de control. Els organismes i les institucions internacionals aposten per noves formes de governança i d’integritat institucional que requereixen un canvi profund de cultura organitzativa. Aquest canvi ha de permetre implantar un “marc integral de control intern” inspirat en la metodologia COSO III, que ha de ser implementat i mantingut pels responsables del govern de l’entitat i ha de conviure amb el control intern que és responsabilitat dels interventors del sector públic. En aquest treball s’analitza la configuració actual del control intern en les administracions públiques, les seves debilitats i fortaleses. També es fan propostes de millora per configurar un marc integral de control intern que proporcioni una seguretat raonable sobre la consecució dels objectius de l’entitat, la fiabilitat de la informació financera, l’eficàcia, l’eficiència de les operacions i el compliment de les disposicions legals aplicables que permeti una prevenció efectiva del frau i la corrupció.

Tobacco smoking is the greatest preventable health risk. The effects are serious, both individually and societal. Nevertheless, the current prevalence of tobacco smokers in Germany is still high at around 35 %. A recent strong increase in actively smoking adolescents (14- to 17-year-olds, current prevalence approx. 16 %) and young adults (18- to 24-year-olds, current prevalence approx. 41 %) is also a cause for concern. About a third of all inpatients continue smoking while being treated. The hospitalization of active smokers in acute and rehabilitation hospitals serves as a "teachable moment" for initiation of cessation offers. An intervention that begins in hospital and continues for at least a month after discharge results in about 40 % additional smokefree patients. It is scientifically well-researched, effective and cost-efficient. After initiation in hospital these measures can be continued via ambulatory cessation programs, rehabilitation facilities, an Internet or telephone service. In Germany, there are structured and quality-assured cessation offers, both for the inpatient and for the outpatient area. The biggest obstacle to broad establishment of such offers is the lack of reimbursement. Two feasible ways to change this would be the remuneration of the existing OPS 9-501 "Multimodal inpatient treatment for smoking cessation" and the establishment of quality contracts according to § 110a SGB V. An expansion of tobacco cessation measures in healthcare facilities would reduce smoking prevalence, associated burden of disease and consecutive costs., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

The treatment of peripheral nerve pathologies requires a rapid and precise diagnosis. However, the correct identification of nerve pathologies is often difficult and valuable time is lost in the process. In this position paper of the German-Speaking Group for Microsurgery of Peripheral Nerves and Vessels (DAM), we describe the current evidence for various perioperative diagnostics for the detection of traumatic peripheral nerve lesions or compression syndromes. In detail, we evaluated the importance of clinical examinations, electrophysiology, nerve ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurography. Additionally, we surveyed our members for their diagnostic approach in this regard. The statements are based on a consensus workshop on the 42nd meeting of the DAM in Graz, Austria., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

From 2014 to 2022, the BMBF has funded five research networks in prevention research and health promotion that are also jointly coordinated (Research Network Primary Prevention and Health Promotion, www.fp2g.net). The researchers have produced a large number of relevant research outputs with insights gained into essential aspects of prevention research and health promotion. The networks research focused on basic principles, application-relevant findings, and implementation conditions of long-term prevention and health promotion for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The constraints imposed by the pandemic from 2020 onwards were partly addressed by integrating Corona-related research and transfer activities. The importance of resilience for dealing with multiple health and social challenges got increased attention and was analyzed and discussed during the pandemic. For prevention research, research questions such as how to better implement prevention measures through digital tools are gaining additional importance. Together, the research networks have presented achievements and desiderata for future research. This perspective paper with its nine theses formulated in conclusion is intended as a stimulus for discussion among funders as well as the communty of researchers on the subject of successful prevention and health promotion. It is explicitly part of the continuity of the memoranda on prevention research developed in 2012., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).)

Background: In the field of plastic and aesthetic surgery, continuous international publication is seen annually. However, the publication output is not regularly assessed for its level of evidence. In view of the strong publication activity, a regular assessment of the evidence level of the current publication years is reasonable and was the objective of this work., Material and Methods: We evaluated the Journal of Hand Surgery/JHS (European Volume Journal), the journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery/PRS and the journal Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie und Plastische Chirurige/HaMiPla from January 2019 to December 2021. The authors' affiliation, the type of publication, the number of patients examined and the level of evidence with existing conflicts of interest were considered., Results: A total of 1341 publications were evaluated. Of these, 334 original papers were published in JHS, 896 in PRS, and 111 in HaMiPla. The largest share were retrospective papers (53.5%, n=718). The further distribution was as follows: 18% (n=237) clinical prospective papers, 3.4% (n=47) randomised clinical trials (RCT), 12.5% (n=168) experimental papers and 6.5% (n=88) anatomic studies. The distribution of evidence levels of all studies was as follows: Level I: 1.6% (n=21), Level II: 8.7% (n=116), Level III: 20.3% (n=272), Level IV: 25.2% (n=338), Level V: 2.3% (n=31). In 42% (n=563) of the papers, there was no indication of the level of evidence. Most level I evidence was from university hospitals (n=16) in 76.2% (χ²-test 0.619, >0.05, 95% confidence interval)., Conclusion: Although RCTs are inappropriate for many surgical questions, well-designed and conducted cohort or case-control studies could improve the evidence base. Many of the current studies tend to be retrospective and do not have a control group. Researchers in the field of plastic surgery should consider using a cohort or case-control design when an RCT is not feasible., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

This position paper is a joint statement of the German Radiological Society (DRG) and the Professional Association of German Radiologists (BDR), which reflects the current state of knowledge about coronary computed tomography. It is based on preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the clinical relevance as well as the technical requirements and fundamentals of cardiac computed tomography. CITATION FORMAT: · Langenbach MC, Sandstede J, Sieren M et al. DRG and BDR Position Paper on Coronary CT: Clinical Evidence and Quality of Patient Care in Chronic Coronary Syndrome. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2023; 195: 115 - 133., Competing Interests: Fabian Bamberg: Bayer Healthcare (Unrestricted Research Grant, Speakers Bureau, Consulting), Siemens Healthineers (Unrestricted Research Grant, Speakers Bureau)., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

The discussion paper "Institutionalization of Teacher Education" was developed within the framework of the QLB-Camp and aims to establish institutional standards for teacher education in central scientific institutions. There are no institutional standards for teacher education in Germany, and the diversity of teacher education leads to problems and challenges. The Quality Initiative for Teacher Education has brought about positive changes, but there is uncertainty about how the created structures can be sustained and legally secured. The text describes various key points for the institutionalization of teacher education, including anchoring it in state higher education laws and promoting scholars in subject didactics and educational sciences. Teacher education institutions should regularly evaluate their measures and the development of teacher education students. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: Aims: In the scientific community no consensus exists regarding the question whether excessive smartphone use (ESU) should be considered as a behavioral addiction. This position paper summarizes relevant aspects of previous research on ESU with respect to content and methodology. From this, recommendations are derived as to which approaches should be given greater consideration in future research work. Conclusions: Our recommendations include the following points: 1. Development and consistent use of smartphone-based measuring instruments that allow the collection of real-time usage data and the submission of time-controlled questionnaire, 2. Validation of these instruments in large representative samples in Germany, 3. Using real-time smartphone user data to address the question whether ESU can become addictive in nature, 4. Clarification of the central question of the extent to which ESN is specific (i. e., use of specific smartphone functions such as social networks) or generalized (in terms of a behavioral pattern of general smartphone overuse). In the long term, further studies on the neurobiology and long-term stability of ESN should be carried out before the classification of ESN as a behavioral addiction can be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.