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This paper presents a competency- and needs-based approach to exam preparation. The influence of test objectives, format and task types on the creation of teaching materials is shown on the basis of the digital TestDaF. For this purpose, learning materials are described that are geared towards the development and training of communicative competencies. The aim is to go beyond pure format training in exam preparation and thus achieve positive washback effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the transformation and finitude of bodies in the lifelong aging process and the social conditions that predispose them focussing on close relationships in a pandemic context. The material was generated during virtually conducted group discussions with people between the ages of 60 and 80. The virtual space formed both a boundary and a space of possibility to (re)read bodies retrospectively. The narrated »body biographies« represent negotiations of the subject in the context of the pandemic situatedness and agency. Participants reflected on the ambivalence of the restrictions imposed by regulations and lockdowns, the construction as a risk group, and the resulting perception of corporeality. The data points to the lack of physical closeness relationships and the possibilities of closeness in virtual spaces. The reflexive, intra-biographical encounters oscillate between self-assurance and transformative processes of self-formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kurzfassung: A central diagnosis driving research around social relations of nature is the thesis of the "end of nature". In an era marked by climate change and global warming, the image of nature as a pristine and stable foundation of human existence seems outdated. In light of this, recent scholarship demonstrates how environmental changes and conflicts increasingly affect people's daily lives and present significant threats to psychic well-being. In contrast, in this paper we investigate the conditions under which nature continues to function as an effective source of 'ontological security'. As part of an international comparative research project that engages geographical imaginaries of security and insecurity in Berlin, Vancouver, and Singapore, we analyze how nature is imagined by city dwellers as an object of desire that offers a place of refuge to escape the burdens from urban everyday life. Against this background, we emphasize imaginary nature as a powerful everyday source for the ontological security of subjects even under today's postnatural conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on an investigation of the impact of taking up a work-related multi-local lifestyle on civic involvement based on quantitative and qualitative data using a methodological triangulation. Following theoretical considerations based on the civic voluntarismmodel, the resources-centered model, and the "commuter's strain hypothesis", a negative influence of the multi-local lifestyle on civic involvement is expected. Periodic presence and absence at the place of origin and destination, as well as associated reduced time and psychological resources, are hypothesized to be the central theoretical mechanisms of influence explaining the negative relationship. The quantitative investigation is based on fixedeffects panel regressions applied to longitudinal data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). The qualitative investigation is based on problem-centred, guided interviews conducted in a case study analysis in the rural district of Diepholz in Lower Saxony, Germany. The quantitative analyses indicate a significant negative effect of multi-locality on involvement and show that the strongest reduction in involvement temporally occurs with the start of multi-local living. The qualitative analyses confirm this finding and show that the postulated theoreticalmechanisms represent a central explanatory factor of the reduced involvement resulting from multi-locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the few examples worldwide, Swiss law serves for an instrument to compensate for planning-related increases in land value. The provision at the federal level however is not directly applicable, but merely a binding legislative mandate to the cantons. Beyond the minimum requirements under federal law, the cantons are given far-reaching discretion in the legislative process. This paper exploits this constellation in order to examine how the political legitimacy of the instrument affects the concrete legal configuration. Based on the planning literature, two schools of thought hold precedence. First, that pragmatic arguments would lead to farreaching cantonal regulations, e.g., through the explicit consideration of rezoning and upzoning as further taxable events in addition to the federal law requirement of zoning. Second, that ideological arguments are likely to only lead to minimal implementations, e.g., to a levy rate that does not exceed the minimum 20 percent prescribed by federal law. However, this comparative study based on the cantons of Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, and Bern instead points to a reverse correlation. In contrast to international experience, ideological arguments in Switzerland lead to amore far-reaching design of value added capture under planning law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on cultural infrastructures in Germany are characterised by great heterogeneity in terms of availability and analytical comparability. This is evident in functional typologisations, which are largely limited to major cities and to a small number of cultural indicators. Furthermore, the ongoing discussions about the provision of services of general interest lack quantifiable and qualifiable substantiation that adequately take into account not only technical facilities but also infrastructures that facilitate everyday social life, including educational and cultural amenities. The aim of this paper is to identify location patterns of cultural infrastructures focusing on small and medium-sized towns, which have been largely neglected analytically. We apply a principal component analysis to comprehensive data on infrastructures of nine cultural sectors in order to identify spatial patterns of agglomeration. The linear dimensionality reduction resulted in three components, "Everyday Culture and High Culture", "Reading and Art" and "Making Music and Educating Oneself". The results emphasise the role of small and medium-sized towns in providing differentiated cultural services of general interest and provide systematic links for cultural governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the experiences of the Saxon State and University Library Dresden (SLUB) with digital science communication in and with the Wikiverse. The SLUB uses various platforms such as Wikimedia Commons, Wikiversity, and Wikidata to create and share open teaching and learning materials. By collaborating with other users and communities in the Wikiverse, networks are built and projects are developed. The SLUB benefits from feedback and collaboration with other actors, such as Wikipedians and historical societies. The authors also emphasize the role of citizen science and the possibilities of collaboration between libraries and specialized sciences. [Extracted from the article]

Mapping Religious Studies requires a look at the intersections with other disciplines that study religious phenomena. This includes area studies such as Southeast European Studies. »Crypto-Christianity«, »folk religion« and »syncretism« are common terms in Southeast European studies to describe phenomena in the areal religious history. According to the disciplines' selfunderstanding, religious and area studies are interdisciplinary cultural studies that cooperate with each other. Thus, for a better understanding of religious phenomena, these studies are assumed to take definitions, perspectives and critiques of other disciplines into account in order to exchange knowledge of religious phenomena, and to share research methods with each other. Religious and area studies differ in terms of their tasks: While Religious Studies set up theories, area studies are claimed to be the corrective factor, testing theories of other disciplines. My paper presents how area studies - using the example of Southeast European studies - adopt terms, concepts and theories from Religious Studies when researching religious phenomena, and how the lack of communication between these two research fields neglects potentials. The paper shows the advantages as well as the necessity of interdisciplinary cooperation. Even if cultural studies cannot find a universally valid basis for the study of religion, I argue for a permanent dialogue between the creation and verification of theories and concepts on religion and religious phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kurzfassung: This paper develops three analytical categories – range, supporting capacity, exigency/notability – to capture how supra-individual phenomena affect the people studied by empirical research. Researchers face a tension between constructivist and realist perspectives as the examined phenomena are simultaneously social constructs, in the way people perceive and understand them, and social facts in their consequences. Taking a critical perspective on the notion of large social phenomena – popularized by Theodore Schatzki – the paper develops an explorative terminology that aims to facilitate practice-oriented field research. Examples of empirical research on transition and degrowth initiatives illustrate how research subjects estimate the range of a phenomenon by trying to grasp whether they are in or out of its reach; the supportive capacity of a phenomenon by exploring how far it carries certain processes; and they experience the exigency of a phenomenon and ascribe a certain notability to it. Taken together, this terminology grasps the way phenomena are matters of concern, rather than matters of fact, for the research subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kurzfassung: Thirty years after the Cold War, many aspects of the West's self-identification are still shaped by othering ‚the East'. This geographical identity-building in Western media discourses is indicated by terms like geopolitics and the (New/Second) Cold War. The paper scrutinizes ‚grand' narratives behind the appearances of such concepts and observes their continuities, dislocations, and disruptions. Taking a critical geopolitical perspective informed by discourse theory and based on Foucault's conceptualization of the archive, the paper introduces aspects of the transformation of geopolitical imaginations of the East and the West: (1) it reconstructs phases of the rebirth of geopolitics after WW2 until today. (2) It focuses on the changes in the East-West relations after 1990 and shows how the imagination of the ‚cold war' disappears from media discourse. (3) Finally, it analyses the revival through rising geopolitical risk-narratives since the crises and wars in Georgia and Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental awareness is affected by fluctuations, which occur when other social events are prioritized. This paper investigates how environmental awareness of persons between the age of 20 and 30 living in Austria has changed during the period of the Covid-19 crisis compared to the period directly before. To answer this question a literature review and a quantitative survey (n = 210) on the affective and cognitive component of environmental awareness have been conducted. The results show a slight increase in the affective/cognitive component. This correlates with some socio-demographic characteristics and the change in certain behaviors but not with the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on one's life. However, the high topicality of the Covid-19 crisis, as well as the dynamic of the crisis, should be highlighted. Therefore, no assessment of the long-term development of environmental awareness can be made and further research is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yield performance of 14 hazelnut cultivars of different origin was compared from the second to the twelfth year after planting. The trees were trained as spindles with a planting distance of 4.5 m x 2.5 m, leading to a tree density of 800 trees per hectare. Yields >1 kg tree-1 were achieved from the fourth year after planting, and >3 kg tree-1 from the sixth year after planting. Substantial yield fluctuations between cultivars and years were observed. After reaching maturity a mean yield of 2.2 t ha-1 was achieved in the whole experimental plot, whereas the highest yielding cultivars, 'Barcelona, 'Webbs Price Cob' and 'Emoa 1' achieved average yields of 3.2 t ha-1, 2.9 t ha-1, and 2.6 t-1, respectively. The cultivars differed significantly in fruit mass and kernel mass. The varieties 'Merveille de Bollwiller' (4.0 g) and 'Corabel' (3.8 g) had the highest fruit mass. The small-fruited cultivars 'Pauetet' and 'purple-leaved filbert' had the highest mass proportion of kernel to fruit of 52% and 49%, respectively. This relation was 42% when taking into consideration the average of all cultivars and years. The mean proportion of empty nuts was 2.6% in the whole experiment, but individual cultivars reached up to 16% empty nuts in some years. 'Corabel' and 'Barcelona' had <1% empty nuts. In the 4th, 6th and 11th year after planting, averages numbers of 16, 9, or 16 root suckers per tree were counted. The time required for winter pruning in the 6th and 7th year after planting was 22 h ha-1 and 62 h ha-1, respectively. The experimental data shown in this paper demonstrate that it is possible to grow hazelnuts in a spindle system in the Central German region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theworld of labour is undergoingmajor changes.With the processes of digitalisation, the possibilities to work flexibly wherever people live or spend their time are increasing. Digitalbased forms of work promote the development ofmobile work in a self-determined location (e.g. in a home office or co-working space). Such location-independent forms of work offer new opportunities for further development of rural areas and especially small andmedium-sized towns. The strategic (re) linking of living and working is in many respects both an opportunity and a challenge in equal measure: A shift in the centre of people's lives can strengthen the place of residence in rural areas through increased (also) economic demand, through amix of uses and a diversified demand for local supply or through a reduction of traffic loads, such as commuting. In this paper, we explore both the socio-spatial preconditions and the effects of this shift from places of work to places of residence in rural areas. The aim is to outline a systematic classification of co-working spaces with regard to sustainable spatial development in order to promote the opportunities of mobile work in different suburban and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing the quality of literature searches and their updating and adaptation require careful, comprehensive and transparent documentation. Guidelines exist for documenting the development and progress of a literature search. However, the authors are not aware of an editable template that can be used to document the literature search. Therefore, this paper aims to present a search template for the systematic and transparent development and documentation of a comprehensive literature search. The template includes essential steps of the database search as well as supplementary search options and offers a possibility for methodical and content-related justification of the included steps. It considers current guidelines for reporting search strategies. The search template is provided free of charge and is editable with common text editing programs. The contents are to be adapted according to the individual search strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the aspects of diversity in the context of school and education and therefore a facet of inclusion is migration-related multilingualism. That is the reason why the professionalization of well-qualified teachers in the field of teaching multilingual learners is more important than ever. This article shows if and how satisfied the participating teachers are with the course program. It also indicates how far the competencies and beliefs regarding multilingual learners in the professional development program »German as a foreign and second language and multilingualism« develop throughout the program. A survey on satisfaction has been conducted. Data concerning competencies have been collected with a paper and pencil test, beliefs with a questionnaire. The article provides content-related and conceptual insights for different learning settings and their evaluation and therefore serves the demand for innovative and effective course concepts. Hence, it offers new ideas and impulses for (further) development of learning opportunities for professional development and also teacher training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demographic change is very complex and difficult challenge for our society. Demographic change has become a crucial problem for many regions within in Austria. We expect a strong impact and pressure on the current social infrastructure across the country depending on the population change as householders are becoming more heterogeneous because of international migration, low birth rates, and ageing. However, the impact might be different for the regions as some regions might gain, some others might lose from this future development. This paper analyzes the effects and linkages of demographic change on flood risk management. The paper selected 17 experts from the health and care sector across the country with the aim to analyze their awareness, perspective and understanding of the interlinkages between demographic change, flood risk management and their influence on the current social infrastructure. The results show that there exists a high awareness of the problem, but on a very superficially touch upon. The main reason is the current lack of policy integration and co-operation between the various disciplines, which in turn means that the goal of "health-in-all policies" is at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der Beitrag beschreibt den Prozess der Umstellung eines Deutschprogramms an einer japanischen Universität auf ein konsequent aufgabenbasiertes Curriculum. Es werden die Erfahrungen, Probleme und Ergebnisse dieser Veränderungen aus der Sicht der beteiligten Lehrenden dargestellt. Im Anschluss an einen kurzen Überblick zur Situation des Deutschunterrichts in Japan werden zunächst die Gründe für die Entwicklung des neuen Programmes aufgezeigt sowie die theoretischen Überlegungen, die ihnen zugrunde lagen. Im Zentrum des Beitrags stehen die im Verlauf von vier Jahren zutage getretenen und zu bewältigenden Konflikte sowie das gemeinsame Ringen der Lehrenden um Lösungen. Die Darstellung schließt mit einem Blick auf bisher erreichte Ergebnisse. In this paper we describe the implementation of a strictly task-based curriculum in a German language program at a Japanese university, illustrating the experiences, challenges and results from the point of view of the teachers involved. After a brief overview of the situation of teaching German at Japanese universities in general we explain the reasons leading to the development of the new program as well as the underlying theoretical considerations. The focus of this article is on the conflicts, which emerged over the course of the four years since the implementation of the task-based curriculum, and the combined efforts of the teaching staff to find solutions. Finally, we present an overview of the achievements to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der Beitrag führt in die Entstehungsgeschichte, die Inhalte und den fachdidaktischen Ansatz dieses multimedialen Fort- und Weiterbildungsprogramms ein, das an Traditionen reflektierten Erfahrungslernens anknüpft. Die weltweite Nutzung sowie unterschiedliche Nutzungsformate werden vorgestellt. Berücksichtigt werden auch Modelle der Integration von DLL in die Lehrerausbildung, wie sie in Kooperationsprojekten zwischen dem Goethe-Institut und lokalen Universitäten entstanden. Besondere Beachtung finden die Praxiserkundungsprojekte, ein zentrales Element des Programms. Ihr Potenzial sowie ihre Herausforderungen werden auf der Basis bisheriger Forschung und einer aktuellen Befragung von Tutoren und Multiplikatoren kritisch erörtert. In this paper, the authors introduce the Goethe Institute's most recent program for in-service education of teachers of German. The history of this multi-modal program, its conceptual foundation and its content are explained, as well as various formats of program delivery in different parts of the world. In addition, the authors present models of integrating DLL into current pre-service teacher education programs, as they have developed in a number of cooperative ventures between the Goethe Institute and local universities. Since classroom action research projects constitute a core component of the program, the authors discuss its potential and challenges for teacher development based on some initial empirical research and a current worldwide survey of DLL tutors and teacher educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der Beitrag führt in die Entstehungsgeschichte, die Inhalte und den fachdidaktischen Ansatz dieses multimedialen Fort- und Weiterbildungsprogramms ein, das an Traditionen reflektierten Erfahrungslernens anknüpft. Die weltweite Nutzung sowie unterschiedliche Nutzungsformate werden vorgestellt. Berücksichtigt werden auch Modelle der Integration von DLL in die Lehrerausbildung, wie sie in Kooperationsprojekten zwischen dem Goethe-Institut und lokalen Universitäten entstanden. Besondere Beachtung finden die Praxiserkundungsprojekte, ein zentrales Element des Programms. Ihr Potenzial sowie ihre Herausforderungen werden auf der Basis bisheriger Forschung und einer aktuellen Befragung von Tutoren und Multiplikatoren kritisch erörtert. In this paper, the authors introduce the Goethe Institute's most recent program for in-service education of teachers of German. The history of this multi-modal program, its conceptual foundation and its content are explained, as well as various formats of program delivery in different parts of the world. In addition, the authors present models of integrating DLL into current pre-service teacher education programs, as they have developed in a number of cooperative ventures between the Goethe Institute and local universities. Since classroom action research projects constitute a core component of the program, the authors discuss its potential and challenges for teacher development based on some initial empirical research and a current worldwide survey of DLL tutors and teacher educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution of a literary scholar to the history of geopolitics argues for the consideration of literary sources as constituents of the „classical" geopolitical discourse (Ratzel, Kjellén, Haushofer). It exemplifies this claim by revealing the geopolitical components through which Gustav Freytag's novel Soll und Haben (Debit and Credit, Freytag, 1855, 1858) creates spaces, civilizations, and stories. Approaching these issues from the perspective of literary history and the history of knowledge, this paper turns to Freytag's novel to examine whether the literature of the period of the so-called „bourgeois" or „poetic" realism belongs to the genealogy of German political geography and geopolitics and how to study its impact on their increasingly manifest political program after the beginning of the First World War. Especially the establishment of the topos of the „Volk ohne Raum" (people without space) in the east of the German Reich and the reorientation of geopolitics „gen Osten" (toward the east) in the early twentieth century find a highly compatible antecedent in Soll und Haben. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bosnia and Hercegovina criminal justice system is burdened with a large number of criminal proceedings, and in particular the public prosecutors are burdened with a large number of applications and open cases. The constant focus of the judiciary is to improve the efficiency and economy of criminal proceedings. One of the basic forms of acceleration and shortening of blood procedures is through shortened criminal procedures. The Criminal Procedural Legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina envisages certain forms of shortened criminal proceedings, such as the plea guilty plea, guilty plea and a penal order. The author opted to work in the paper and present a positive legal arrangement of the previously mentioned procedures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and comparative legal solutions in R. Serbia, R. Croatia and some other legal systems. It will also be pointed out to other forms of shortened criminal proceedings in a comparative legal analysis. For the purposes of this paper, a survey of the frequency of the use of shortened blood procedures in Bosnia and Herzegovina was conducted and the results of this research will be presented in this paper. The aim of the paper is to point out the importance of the application of simplified criminal procedural forms in the criminal system of Bosnia and Hercegovina, and to good legal solutions in comparative criminal procedure in order to propose de lege ferenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses the concept of finality in German law. The purpose of finality is to provide clarity to parties about their legal relationships and, possibly, with third parties. This aims to avoid uncertainties regarding their rights and obligations and ensures that judicial decisions cannot be altered. Adhering to finality also protects the judiciary from unnecessary efforts by preventing the reconsideration of already settled legal disputes. In practice, the principle of finality raises questions, especially regarding its definition and the resulting consequences. The possibility of breaking finality in German law exists in a few cases due to both legal provisions and considerations of case-law and scholarship. Departing from the concept of finality of judicial decisions is possible only in exceptional cases. Although such exceptions may enhance individual justice, they impact the crucial principle of legal certainty and should therefore be considered in very few cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Colombian government presented to Congress, the National Development Plan (PND) 2018-2022 "Pact for Colombia, Pact for Equity," which was approved by Law 1955 of 2019. The reflections and proposals included in this paper refer to the main components of the PND, the reforms proposed, the Multi-Annual Program of Investments that accompanies it, as well as to its apparent omissions. The paper does not intend to cover all the topics in the PND. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the Ellsberg paradox, showcasing its significance in economic and social decision-making theories, specifically addressing the ambiguity in probability assessment. It highlights Daniel Ellsberg's discovery, his renowned release of the Pentagon Papers and his pioneering work on decision theory. It states that the paradox challenges the independence of irrelevant alternatives axiom, revealing how individuals' choices contradict their subjective beliefs about probabilities.

The global urban growth trend is also evident in Germany and the pressure on the real estate markets is pushing construction activity to the threshold of available building land. To limit urban expansion, additional space is to be created primarily through brownfield development, but here large housing potentials are usually only to be found on sites that are difficult to develop. The framework conditions that have arisen here in the interplay between land and real estatemarkets in conjunction with the multidimensionality of urban planning problems suggest a need for urban planners and researchers to develop more effectivemethods. This paper therefore describes a GISbasedmethod for optimising building sites, which can be used to evaluate sites in context and optimise them attribute-spatially. It combines a fuzzy methodology with a heuristic optimisation algorithm, the Parameterised Region-Growing, and demonstrates it using the example of the Holsten site in Hamburg. It successfully generates spatially compact and coherent, highly valued residential building areas, to which urban development parameters are assigned. Comparisons with existing planning show instructive results, e.g., regarding more effective utilisation of good micro-locations, realistic building density values and realisable area parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning is generally recognised as the practice of spatial organisation. Planning instruments, such as land-use plans and zoning plans, are used to structure development, to reduce building densities and to densify. While planning instruments themselves and their interpretation, practical use and implementation have been widely studied, in contrast technical implementation and its active role in planning processes have remained mostly unexplored. This paper addresses this research gap by considering the ways in which common techniques - primarily graphical CAD programmes - operate in planning processes. The basic assumption here is that CAD programmes not only make planning possible, but also play a significant role in shaping it, since digital technology is used to inscribe and stabilise spatial organisation in plans. Prominent concepts from Science and Technology Studies are used to demonstrate how CAD programmes give urban complexity a new material form - that of the plan. They contribute significantly to a core area of planning and thus to the specific ordering of our built environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the municipal assessment practice for the selection of settlement areas in preparatory land-use planning displays the influence of research results on current planning practice. Based on an analysis of the state of research and the legal framework conditions, the assessment of potential settlement areas for 29 preparatory land-use plans has been analysed. As a result, it was determined that the number of selection criteria and the complexity of the assessment in planning practice has increased significantly in recent years. Furthermore, it became obvious that and towhat extend the planning methodology and the criteria applied to select settlement areas differ substantially between the municipalities. Despite extensive application-oriented research in recent years on the assessment and selection of settlement areas, only indirect influences of the research on planning practice can be identified. Nevertheless, the analyses revealed that municipality themselves also created new criteria and procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparisons of cities are frequently used to evaluate urban transportation planning and policies. A typology of cities can contribute to adequately interpret the identified differences between cities. For this purpose, this paper collects 27 indicators of socio-economic characteristics, spatial structures, travel behaviour and the evaluation of local transport situation for 44 major German cities. We generate clusters of cities based on a factor and cluster analysis. The factor analysis identifies five latent variables called metropolitan character, bicycle-friendliness, affluence, influence of students, and private car orientation. The subsequent cluster analysis identifies five clusters. According to this typology, most cities that are considered good practices of urban transport policy in Germany belong either to the cluster of metropolitan cities or university cities with a cycling-friendly environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students of German as a foreign language begin their pedagogical studies with a fairly precise idea of the role of the teacher and of the teaching/learning process. Their ideas about effective teaching and the role of the teacher are based on their subjective, mostly unreflective experiences during their school years and strongly influence all subsequent didactic-pedagogical decisions during and often after their studies. Students' subjective theories about teaching have an extremely strong in- fluence on the entire study process. In order for students to be able to formulate and reflect on their own subjective theories, it is very important that they are given sufficient opportunities during their studies to reflect, to question and evaluate pedagogical practices in different contexts, and to prepare themselves to relate theory to practice so that they can at least partially dismantle or dissolve their own beliefs. This paper presents the results of a qualitative study conducted with students of German as a foreign language on their perceptions of the role of the teacher and teaching, offering insights into the current situation. The results can serve as a guide for planning specific didactic courses and as a starting point for planning the development of reflection as a teacher development tool. The analysis of the 86 student essays shows what students think is effective teaching of German, what they think is a good teacher of German, and the interplay between learning and teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To counteract the effects of climate change and biodiversity loss, sustainable transformations of societal systems and processes, as well as spatial planning, are required. Ecosystem services are considered as a concept that could transform the management of natural resources towards more sustainability. On the basis of six application-oriented research projects, this paper analyses the extent to which transformation has played a role in planning-related research on ecosystem services so far and what potential experts see for contributing to transformative change in the context of spatial planning by means of ecosystem services. The current research projects on ecosystem services predominantly do not directly refer to transformative processes and strive for changes within the existing planning framework. However, if research would be designed accordingly, it would be possible to contribute to transformative processes. Among other things, the concept of ecosystemservices can be used to promote systemthinking, cross sectorial boundaries, or involve civic stakeholders to a greater extent. Experiments in research could be the basis for transforming the planning system starting at the niche level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to global changes and changes in land use, ecosystems and their services are increasingly affected. Against this background, it is questionable how ecosystems and the services they provide can be better and sufficiently taken into account in land-use planning as well as spatial development in Germany. Currently little chance is seen to establish new ecosystem service-based processes that would be comprehensively integrated in the spatial planning practice in Germany. However, modernisation of formal and informal planning instruments is conceived in a long-term perspective. The ecosystem service approach can essentially contribute to this modernisation methodically as well as conceptually. Therefore, this paper discusses possibilities how to integrate the ecosystem service approach in formal spatial planning in a short to medium term and which societal and ecological added value can be generated. Chances and risks of different implementation options will be discussed and specific approaches outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of ecosystem services can help to overcome implementation deficits in spatial planning and to promote the protection and sustainable use of nature and landscape. However, diverse findings on the concept's application in Germany have not yet been brought together and evaluated. The aim of this paper is to present theses on the meaningful and effective use of ecosystem services in spatial planning and the promotion of sustainable spatial development. The theses are intended to summarize the state of knowledge and provide recommendations for use in practice and for further research. They are divided into three thematic areas: Theses on the benefits of the ecosystem services concept, on obstacles and potentials of its use and theses on needs for action. The theses are intended to motivate practitioners and scientists to apply the ecosystem services concept in appropriate planning contexts, to use it for better protection and development of nature and landscape, and to support transformation processes towards sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land-use in complex urban regions and their future development is uncertain, especially in view of (global) change conditions and the planetary boundaries discussed. An encompassing discussion and weighting within planning is necessary, on what ecosystems offer which kind of services to urban and regional societies and how this current supply and further potentials can be sustainably used. This is essential to contribute to a resilient urban and regional development. Scientific discussions on the role of ecosystem services in spatial planning do partly investigate the current status-quo of references to ecosystem services. This paper presents results from two German case study regions on the extent of references to ecosystem services in existing spatial planning instruments. Both binding as well as non-binding regional and urban development concepts were considered. Although none of the planning instruments explicitly uses the term "ecosystem services", references to ecosystem services can be identified in all instruments. However, themajority of classified ecosystem services is not linked to specific objectives. This evokes questions on if spatial planning is oriented on keeping options open to act in the future and what the detected blind spots tell about the interpretation of the vision of sustainable spatial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The draft of the German "guidelines" for dealing with horses and their use under aspects of animal welfare, edited by the German Ministry for Food and Agriculture, has been known to the public for several months. Various statements of this paper concerning the principal aspects of the relationship between men and horses in the process of training and use are critically discussed here. The goal of the discussion is to question the illusive and juridical problematic view on the possible behaviour and feelings of horses in the hands of men and to stimulate reflection independent of ideologies. The aim is not to present the text as a whole in a balanced way, but rather to make it easier for the reader to understand the different wordings of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single finds have so far often been neglected by archaeologists. This is partly based on a terminological fuzziness: the category 'single find' is often not clearly differentiated from artefacts without information on find circumstances. The present paper used the Bronze Age socketed axes from Romania as a case study to show the potential value of real single finds (i.e. artefacts that have securely been found isolated). Mapping of single finds and hoards with socketed axes results in a complementary spatial patterning - regions with single finds and hoards exclude one another. This speaks clearly against an interpretation of single axes as lost objects. The find contexts of some single finds further sustain another interpretation, that of depositions of a single object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of video and audio recordings of spontaneous daily routines in early childhood education exemplifies and confirms already known strategies of pedagogical professionals in dealing with children's multilingualism. The strategies are evaluated from the perspective of linguistics and pedagogy. The documented interactions were transcribed, translated and analyzed in German and Turkish, whereby the paper breaks open the often stated black box kindergarten, at least linguistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning a musical instrument such as the flute requires the mastery of certain acquisitional steps. The same applies to the acquisition of German as a foreign or second language as widely demonstrated by second language acquisition research. The paper argues that it is inacceptable that the didactics of German as a foreign or second language has been consistently ignoring these findings in a way that also contradicts the CEFR the German translation of which, as shown, leaves much to be desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes recordings of lessons that had to be digitised at short notice due to the pandemic. The data is taken from German lessons at the B1+ level for refugees interested in studying, which took place with the help of the web conferencing tool Cisco Webex. The evaluation of the data focuses on the different views of the lessons on the participants' screens and the resulting didactic consequences, on the transition from silent to cooperative work and on how teachers react to learners' questions and mistakes. The analysis of a longer sequence also shows how the transition from working on a form-focused exercise to free discussions of topics relevant to the learners' proceeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project aimed at the implementation of an information model and a corresponding HL7 FHIR® data model for the transmission of tumor data between cancer registries and the Institute for Quality Assurance and Transparency in Healthcare (IQTIG). The project is based on a concept study from IQTIG focusing on a future quality assurance measure of the treatment of patients with localized prostate cancer. In this study quality aspects have been developed, whichmeans that different topics of interest have been adressed, but no specific quality indicators were developed. Based on the quality aspects possible data fields have been extracted which might be necessary for future quality indicators. Upon those information entities an informationmodel was designed. Based on the information model a data model in HL7 FHIR® has been developed and validated against a validation engine provided by the online platform Simplifier. This work shows the difference between an informationmodel and a data model. The information model is crucial for establishing a common understanding between all stakeholders supporting interoperability. The data model is important for the underlying technology, but does not necessarily explain the overall process. Hence, information and data model complement each other. The theroretical work presented in this paper will be the basis for further projects. A following project will use the data model to transfer tumor data between the clinical cancer registry of Lower Saxony and the IQTIG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subjects of this paper are place names as immaterial sites of commemoration. In a linguistic perspective, the paper analyses how exonyms and endonyms are semantically up-loaded respectively re-loaded in use. Proceeding on the assumption that proper names have no "meaning" in the traditional sense, it is argued that, beyond their denotative semantics (pure reference to the place), they may be enriched with connotative semantics (encyclopedic knowledge, first; ideological belief, second) and with illocutional semantics (what is intended, or not, by using them). Historically burdened place-names turn out to be extremely susceptible to semantic re-motivation and pragmatic re-contextualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the tourism in places in connection with "class struggle" during the era of state socialism in Czechoslovakia. During the time of economic crisis in the 1930s, there were some incidents between gendarmerie and striking workers in the areas of high unemployment. These events were misused in the propaganda as legitimization of the Communist Party's leading role after the 1948 revolution. These places of "class struggle" were privileged in hierarchy of heritage preservation during the communist era (1948-1989). The author focuses on sources connected with tourism (guidebooks, maps) and raises the question if historical agents and society adopted these places. The methodological remarks are an important part of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZB MED - Information Center for Life Sciences is the largest library worldwide in the field of life sciences. From October 2016 to June 2018 Dietrich Nelle was its interim managing director. In this interview, he informs about ZB MED's evaluation, realignment and cooperations. Furthermore, he speaks about open access, German Medical Science, research data management and research activities at ZB MED. Moreover, Nelle explains the position paper “Academic libraries 2025', which he co-authored, and gives insight into his motivation to become provisional head of ZB MED. Finally, he drafts a possible way for the instituion's resumption into the Leibniz Association in January 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disciplinary Open Access repositories differ from institutional ones in at least two important respects: the contributions they cover are restricted to an academic field, but necessarily trans-local in scope. Some difficulties that have recently been impeding the Open Access Initiative carry particular weight as far as these repositories are concerned. Two issues in particular will be discussed by referring to examples taken from a small philosophical repository Sammelpunkt. Firstly academic papers can (quite often in different versions and under various terms of use) increasingly be found in open as well as closed archives. Secondly, disciplinary repositories are overshadowed by the ubiquity of academic social web portals. One factor supporting these developments is the conceptual inadequacy of the catchphrase „Open Access“, which cannot prevent applications unintended by the initial inventors of this phrase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last ten years, a national IT infrastructure with an electronic health record (ELGA) has been established in Austria. In 2016, e-medication was successfully put into operation as an ELGA service. This paper summarizes the most important steps in the development of the project and presents essential results and lessons learned. The main challenges were the overlapping planning, testing, usability of the software products, and the coordination of the rollout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-Media can be loaned and used in hospitals, free of charge: This is possible due to the Lisando library network. E-books, e-audios. e-magazines and e-papers offer information, relaxation and distraction for patients and employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a reading of Bühler's Sprachtheorie froma linguistic point of view. Attention is paid to some yet actual and not fully exploited topics: a) the critic of the segmental phonological model; b) the physiognomical model, the Gestalt point of view in the representation of the sound shape of language and a new view on pertinence; c) the theory of two fields and the cooperation between the symbolic field and the deictic one; d) the critic of the principle of the »poverty of the stimulus«; e) the role of the listener; f) the notion of »language game«. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I reconstruct the continuities and differences between Karl Bühler's pre-cybernetic model of non-verbal interaction - as sketched in his Krise der Psychologie (1927) and his Ausdruckstheorie (1933) - and present-day debates on the expression of emotion and affect. I offer the thesis that today, almost 100 years later, the field of psychology is still caught up in very similar quandaries. This is shown by comparing Bühler's work to the theories and models of a present-day ethologist (Frans de Waal), a neuroscientist and psychologist (Lisa Feldman Barrett), and a culturalist developmental psychologist (Michael Tomasello). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karl Bühler's work in the field of color perception plays only a minor role in the reception of his work today. This paper discusses reasons for this situation. On the basis of the lively controversy between Bühler and Bühler's collaborators on the one hand and David Katz on the other hand, the weaknesses of his theory of color constancy and its important impulses for modern perceptual psychology will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern decision support and assistance systems use distributed data sources from private and public providers through specialised web services in order to enhance the provision of information. POHL et al. (2021) present a web service-dominated procedure for the generation of site-specific pesticide application maps by bringing together all required data via web services and other interfaces in the application map service. This paper presents the central services that make it possible to provide site-specific ecological and economic key data and basic information in crop protection. We show how this web service contributes to an automated determination of distance requirements in real time, and discuss the limits of this approach and system. In accordance with the Amendment of the E-Government Act (EGovG) and the introduction of the Act for the Use of Public Sector Data (DNG), the technical documentation of all the REST-compliant programming interfaces have been implemented in accordance with the OpenAPI standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kurzfassung: This paper is an empirical mixed-method study on car use in an urban context. It explores the questions: What mobility practices do people in the city display? What role does car use play in this context? What is the guiding, underlying logic behind personal car use? The findings help to understand mobility practices and their underlying logic. The central component is a user typology based on a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews. The study aims to present an empirical description of mobility practices and the guiding logic of different mobility types in Berlin. The findings offer starting points for user-specific measures to encourage people to use new mobility concepts instead of their personal car. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]