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Clinical expertise in infectious diseases is crucial in treating patients with infectious complications. The new board certification in infectious diseases will establish this expertise in Germany. The role of the specialty of infectious diseases in German hospitals and the definition for clinical services in hospitals (levels 2 and 3) are outlined here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During their studies to become medical professionals, all students are obliged to become familiar with various aspects of primary care. The aim is to provide all students with a high quality training which ensures the best possible cooperation across all sectors of the medical system. Primary care comprises the primary use of the medical service by an unfiltered set of patients as well as continued patient care -- including home-care. This position paper was developed together with representatives of the German Society of University Teachers of General Practice (GHA), the German Society for Ambulatory General Paediatrics (DGAAP), the German Society of General Practice and Family Medicine (DEGAM) and the German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM). It includes recommendations for teaching in the field of primary care in four different types of internships such as preclinical work experience ("Hospitation"), 4-week clinical traineeships of a casual nature ("Famulatur") and 2-week courses of structured and assessed clinical training ("Blockpraktikum") as well as a broad-based 4-month elective clinical placement in the final year (known as a practical year, "PJ"). The recommendations encompass structural and process criteria for internships in different general practices. In addition, for the first time recommendations for teaching on campus -- in the fields of generalmedicine, paediatrics, numerous cross-sectional areas and other clinical fields, but also for clinical skills training -- are set down here. In this position paper the intention is to demonstrate the possible ways in which more aspects of primary care could be integrated into undergraduate medical training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses literature indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) and retracted between 2004 and 2014. Number of retractions was low for Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and Arts&Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) so only data from the Science Citation Index (SCI) were considered for further investigations. A total of 2,590 retractions were found in the SCI. The WoS' in-built analyse tool was used to sort these records by year, research field, journal title and country. Furthermore the mean time between publication date and retraction was calculated. The results show a distinct increase of retractions over the years with a growing proportion of older publications since 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital learning and self-assessment tools have gained importance in medical education over the last years and are pushing back print media more and more. They enable flexible learning that is aligned with current state exams and the latest scientific findings. Embedded videos, interactive graphics and practice questions offer a more diverse learning experience than using books alone. While the commercial learning tools cover the state examinations' content well, they often lack what is additionally taught in different faculties. At the same time, the dominance of a few providers is tied to rising costs for students or to provide campus licenses. Faculties may thus offer literature and learning platforms of less variety, and an intensive and broad examination of subjects and problems is made more difficult. The promotion and nationwide availability of locally initiated non-commercial learning and examination tools can counteract this development. Electronic learning platforms enable efficient exam preparation with the presentation of exam questions. Paper-based preparatory exams have already been almost completely replaced by their electronic counterparts. Digital exams offer decisive advantages over paper-based exams, for example with the embedding of video sequences and increased feasibility of sequential questions, and should become standard not only in exam preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past 50 years, different types of reviews evolved with different objectives. In a summary, 48 review types were identified, which were grouped into seven "review families" with regard to their underlyin g o bjectives and their literature search methods. Among these, the "Focused Mapping Review and Synthesis" (FMRS) approach was not considered. The aim of our short paper is to introduce FMRS as a potential further member of a review family and to highlight its methodological characteristics, potentials, and challenges. FMRS can be used for exploration and focused description of a wide range of topics, but especially fo r a s-pects of knowledge production, i.e., methodological and theoretical issues. A specific search in PubMed and medRxiv revealed nine publi-cations on FMRS between 2016 and 2022, the majority of which addressed research practice as the object of investigation, rather than topics of clinical research. The inclusion of the FMRS in a review family would be welcome due to the peculiarities of the systematisation of literature search within the approach of FMRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the American company OpenAI released the pre-release version of its chatbot ChatGPT in November 2022, a lively discussion has arisen about the benefits and use of speech AI in our society. Since its release ChatGPT has already fundamentally changed the understanding of written texts and it will continue to do so. This has sparked a debate about the use and impact of language AI in higher education. The potential applications of ChatGPT in higher education range from assistance with teaching and learning, to automation of routine tasks, to conversion and programming work. In the paper, examples from the medical library sector will demonstrate the power but also the limitations of ChatGPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses literature indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) and retracted between 2004 and 2014. Number of retractions was low for Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and Arts&Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) so only data from the Science Citation Index (SCI) were considered for further investigations. A total of 2,590 retractions were found in the SCI. The WoS’ in-built analyse tool was used to sort these records by year, research field, journal title and country. Furthermore the mean time between publication date and retraction was calculated. The results show a distinct increase of retractions over the years with a growing proportion of older publications since 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing the quality of literature searches and their updating and adaptation require careful, comprehensive and transparent documentation. Guidelines exist for documenting the development and progress of a literature search. However, the authors are not aware of an editable template that can be used to document the literature search. Therefore, this paper aims to present a search template for the systematic and transparent development and documentation of a comprehensive literature search. The template includes essential steps of the database search as well as supplementary search options and offers a possibility for methodical and content-related justification of the included steps. It considers current guidelines for reporting search strategies. The search template is provided free of charge and is editable with common text editing programs. The contents are to be adapted according to the individual search strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project aimed at the implementation of an information model and a corresponding HL7 FHIR® data model for the transmission of tumor data between cancer registries and the Institute for Quality Assurance and Transparency in Healthcare (IQTIG). The project is based on a concept study from IQTIG focusing on a future quality assurance measure of the treatment of patients with localized prostate cancer. In this study quality aspects have been developed, whichmeans that different topics of interest have been adressed, but no specific quality indicators were developed. Based on the quality aspects possible data fields have been extracted which might be necessary for future quality indicators. Upon those information entities an informationmodel was designed. Based on the information model a data model in HL7 FHIR® has been developed and validated against a validation engine provided by the online platform Simplifier. This work shows the difference between an informationmodel and a data model. The information model is crucial for establishing a common understanding between all stakeholders supporting interoperability. The data model is important for the underlying technology, but does not necessarily explain the overall process. Hence, information and data model complement each other. The theroretical work presented in this paper will be the basis for further projects. A following project will use the data model to transfer tumor data between the clinical cancer registry of Lower Saxony and the IQTIG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZB MED - Information Center for Life Sciences is the largest library worldwide in the field of life sciences. From October 2016 to June 2018 Dietrich Nelle was its interim managing director. In this interview, he informs about ZB MED's evaluation, realignment and cooperations. Furthermore, he speaks about open access, German Medical Science, research data management and research activities at ZB MED. Moreover, Nelle explains the position paper “Academic libraries 2025', which he co-authored, and gives insight into his motivation to become provisional head of ZB MED. Finally, he drafts a possible way for the instituion's resumption into the Leibniz Association in January 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last ten years, a national IT infrastructure with an electronic health record (ELGA) has been established in Austria. In 2016, e-medication was successfully put into operation as an ELGA service. This paper summarizes the most important steps in the development of the project and presents essential results and lessons learned. The main challenges were the overlapping planning, testing, usability of the software products, and the coordination of the rollout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-Media can be loaned and used in hospitals, free of charge: This is possible due to the Lisando library network. E-books, e-audios. e-magazines and e-papers offer information, relaxation and distraction for patients and employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the start of the Corona pandemic, the Helios nursing schools faced many challenges. Face-to-face teaching had to be switched to digital, communication no longer took place on site but on channels such as Zoom, Skype or Teams. At the same time, the Helios central library licensed an interactive learning tool and made it available to the nursing schools. This paper describes the process of implementation, communication, support and collaboration around the platform in the midst of a time when contact restrictions became commonplace. It has become clear that the library can and must support the development of media and information literacy in nursing schools. Despite the high communication effort that continues, the Helios central library is much more present in the minds of all teachers and students. Thanks to the project, the library has established itself as a point of contact for the nursing schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improper information transmission can lead to compromised patient safety and quality of life when patients are transferred from one setting to another. Electronic instruments may improve this situation, however, they are rarely used. Objective: The aim of this study therefore was to investigate the technical and organizational feasibility, usability, usefulness and completeness of an electronic instrument that is based on the German HL7 CDA standard for eNursing Summaries. Materials and methods: To this end, a test health telematics infrastructure, which included the German electronic health card, was established and nursing summary application was developed that allowed summary documents to be communicated between a hospital and a nursing home. The users were asked to evaluate the usability of the nursing summary application as well as to compare the usefulness and completeness of electronically and paper transmitted information. Results: This study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing an electronic nursing summary application that was based on the German HL7 CDA standard eNursing Summary and that was integrated in a test health telematics infrastructure. It could also be shown that the users rated this application as usable and that electronically supported patient transfers were superior to paper based ones. The use of the German electronic health card was regarded as a barrier by the users. Discussion: This study emphasizes the feasibility, relevance and barriers of electronically supported transfers of patients with nursing needs. Nurses working in hospitals and long-term care can integrate an application based on the HL7 CDA Standard ePfgebericht into their working processes and get better and more complete information. To ensure continuity of care in a sustainable manner in the future, the German HL7 CDA based eNursing Summary standard should become part of the German telematics infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The governance of large-scale scientific research projects often attracts little attention. Organisational obstacles resulting from the chosen structure are accepted, although methods for analysing the governance of organisations have long existed. This paper uses these methods to identify these obstacles and to draw conclusions for the design of future large-scale research projects. The governance of the NAKO health study, in which the roles of the sponsor and the recipient of funding are mixed, serves as an example. We performed a governance analysis according to Benz et al. which revealed a serious disturbance of the (political) competition. This and other adverse effects additionally identified could be of possible significance also to other large-scale research projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent history of Russian medical libraries is presented here with special reference to the most important Moscow libraries. The problems and successes of the Central Medical Library in Moscow and the Russian State Library will be described in more detail. In Russia access to international specialist literature has long been more or less restricted, which has disadvantages for practice and research. The lack of literature was partially compensated for by Russian-language editions, some of which were compilations from foreign sources that contained translations of different quality and were sparsely illustrated. Today, thanks to internet resources, these obstacles are gradually being overcome. However, free internet sources cannot fully address the persistent shortage of paper issues of handbooks and journals. According to the author, the Russian librarianship should develop with more international cooperation, following the pattern of Western European neighbors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Medical education is gaining in significance internationally. A growing interest in the field has been observed in German-speaking countries (Austria, Germany, Switzerland) since the early 2000s. This interest is not, however, reflected in an increase in the number of publications on medical education of German-speaking authors in international professional journals. The following investigation examines the potential use of active participant numbers of German-speaking researchers at AMEE conferences as a means of measuring said development. Methods: The AMEE conference proceedings fromthe categories poster presentations, short communications, research papers and plenary presentations from the years 2005-2013 were examined for evidence of Austrian, German and Swiss participation. The abstracts were subsequently analysed in terms of content and categorised according to study design, methodology, object of study, and research topic. Results: Of the 9,446 analysed abstracts, 549 contributions show at least one first, last or co-author from Austria, Germany or Switzerland. The absolute number of contributions per conference varied between 44 in 2010 and 77 in 2013. The percentage fluctuated between 10% in 2005 and 4.1% in 2010. From the year 2010 onwards, however, participation increased continually. The research was predominantly descriptive (62.7%). Studies on fundamental questions of teaching and learning (clarification studies) were less frequent (4.0%). For the most part, quantitative methods (51.9%) were implemented in addressing subjects such as learning and teaching methods (33%), evaluation and assessment (22.4%) or curriculum development (14.4%). The study population was usually comprised of students (52.5%). Conclusions: The number of contributions from Austria, Germany and Switzerland peak at the beginning and at the end of the evaluated period of time. A continual increase in active participation since 2005 was not observed. These observations do not reflect the actual increase of interest in medical education research in German-speaking countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual patients have long been established as part of medical training. With their help, students can develop their therapeutic and diagnostic skills under conditions that are as realistic as possible, without any risk for a patient. While model or dummy simulations represent a standard in dentistry for the training of manual skills, computer-based, interactive simulations of virtual patient cases in this field are rarely described. Some of these systems have been designed for a limited purpose and do not permit a flexible and reusable design of virtual patients, or only permit it with restrictions. The MedBiquitous standard offers solutions for this purpose. This has proven itself in the medical field as a basis for virtual patient simulations. It offers an expandable structure for the data of virtual patients and describes fundamental algorithms of associated simulation software. In this paper, virtual patient player simulation software for interactive emergency training in dentistry is developed on the basis of the MedBiquitous model. As an example, a first virtual patient was created. MedEmergency Player enables action-focussed simulation without rigidly predefined linear or branched treatment pathways, unlike existing systems and the previous use of the MedBiquitous standard. The user directly experiences and examines the reactions as with a real patient [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the German E-Health-Law it will be mandatory to hand out a national medication plan (BMP) in printed form to all patients that have a prescription of three or more drugs to take at the same time starting 1st April, 2017. Part of this printout is a datamatrix code that encodes all medication information using the XML-based UKF (German: Ultrakurzformat) in order to include a means for a standardized electronic transfer of the data. Generated by the general practitioner, the medication plan also needs to be updated through medical specialists, clinical doctors or pharmacists. This paper documents, based on usage scenarios for the BMP, the long way from theory to practical use and points to organizational and technical hurdles that need to be overcome as part of the digitalization. Along with the implications for the process dimension, a technical infrastructure is introduced and different challenges in working with the UKF are identified and discussed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the information content of metadata and full texts in German Medical Science (GMS) articles in English language. The object of the study is to compare semantic entities that are used to enrich GMS metadata (titles and abstracts) and GMS full texts. The aim of the study is to test whether using full texts increases the value added information. The comparison and evaluation of semantic entities was done statistically. Measures of descriptive statistics were gathered for this purpose. In addition to the ratio of central tendencies and scatterings, we computed the overlaps and complements of the values. The results show a distinct increase of information when full texts are added. On average, metadata contain 25 differententities and full texts 215. 89% of the concepts in the metadata are also represented in the full texts. Hence, 11% of the metadata concepts are found in the metadata only. In summary, the results show that the addition of full texts increases the informational value, e.g. for information retrieval processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plagiarism could be defined as the unlawful use of the intellectual property of others, e.g. when the original source of literature is not correctly cited in a paper. Colleges and universities are obliged to sanction plagiarism. Moreover they have the duty to prevent plagiarism in the first place. The focus of the academic writing center of the FHWien of the Viennese Economic Chamber is to prevent students from the temptations and risks of plagiarism. The center provides assistance for the efficient work with scientific literature and its correct quotation and is one of the main contact points for students' questions related to academic writing. Thus plagiarism prevention is a core duty of the writing center. So, what needs to be done to keep students on the right track and how to avoid plagiarism in the tertiary education sector? These and other related questions will be addressed in this article with comments on various forms of plagiarism, followed by assessing the students' point of view and their possible motives to commit plagiarism. Finally we will present several services of the writing center to prevent students from plagiarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plagiarism could be defined as the unlawful use of the intellectual property of others, e.g. when the original source of literature is not correctly cited in a paper. Colleges and universities are obliged to sanction plagiarism. Moreover they have the duty to prevent plagiarism in the first place. The focus of the academic writing center of the FHWien of the Viennese Economic Chamber is to prevent students from the temptations and risks of plagiarism. The center provides assistance for the efficient work with scientific literature and its correct quotation and is one of the main contact points for students’ questions related to academic writing. Thus plagiarism prevention is a core duty of the writing center. So, what needs to be done to keep students on the right track and how to avoid plagiarism in the tertiary education sector? These and other related questions will be addressed in this article with comments on various forms of plagiarism, followed by assessing the students’ point of view and their possible motives to commit plagiarism. Finally we will present several services of the writing center to prevent students from plagiarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Interprofessional collaboration leads to an improvement in health care. This call for increased interprofessional collaboration has led to national and international recommendations for interprofessional learning and education. The GMA has taken up this challenge and has implemented a working group on "interprofessional education in the health professions" to address this topic. The terminology used to describe collaboration among the health professions seems to vary and does not reflect any clear consensus. The aim of this paper is to identify the different terms used to describe collaboration between health professions and to analyse their use in German journals. Methods: The terms frequently used to describe collaboration between health professionals were identified and defined. German medical journals were then pragmatically analyzed regarding the use of the terms interprof* and interdiszip*. Results: The German terms for interprofessional and interdisciplinary were not used consistently in the journals reviewed. Conclusion: There seems to be no agreement on the use of terms to describe the collaboration between health professions. Consistent terminology should be used as a basis for promoting collaboration and improving understanding among the parties involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technologies change how scientists access and process information and consequently impact publication forms in science. Even though the core of scientific publications has remained the same, established publication formats, such as the scientific paper or book, are succumbing to the transitions caused by digital technologies. At the same time, new online tools enable new publication forms, such as blogs, microblogs or wikis, to emerge. This article explores the changing and emerging publications forms in science and also reflects upon the changing role of libraries. The transformations of publishingforms are discussed in the context of open science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic laboratory books are increasingly replacing paper laboratory books. This offers advantages in operational handling, but is also a strategic decision with regard to the establishment of integrated r esearc h data management for digital research data. When selecting and introducing an electronic laboratory book, a number of criteria and framework conditions must be observed and preparatory analyses carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]