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Regardless of whether climate, resources, or expenses are your concern - it is inevitably to save fossil fuels, if industrial furnaces and kilns are under discussion. The "tools" for that can be placed into a virtual "tool cabinet". In the upper drawers we can put the most rigorous tools like the omitting of complete thermal processes. Unfortunately, those are applicable not too often. In the middle drawers there are tools, which in most cases are useful, like the different methods to reduce heat losses. Down in the tool cabinet, we find tools, that make necessary thinking across borders of processes, like cogeneration schemes. In the paper, all the drawers of the tool cabinet will be opened and looked at. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes common temperature control schemes for gas melting furnaces. A scheme for a closed loop control is introduced. Normally controllers are implemented for the control of the power of the systems that utilize only one of the temperatures mentioned. This temperature is driven to a given set point by modulating the power of the burners; the other temperature will, when reaching an upper limit value, switch of the burners completely. Other temperature measurements may also lead to cut-off of burners. A control scheme, known as override control, is introduced, that uses more than one process value to control the power of the burners. These process values may be the temperature of the ceiling of the furnace, the temperature of the hot flue gas and in addition the temperature in the stack. The paper will be published in two parts. This first part deals mainly with the theoretical basics. The second part of the article will compare a simple control scheme just based on the ceiling temperature of the furnace to a more sophisticated override control scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing global trade and introduction of new renewable and unconventional resources cause a trend to growing variations of gas quality in the transportation and distribution grids. In order to guarantee safety, process quality, efficiency and cleanness of the gas utilisation processes, management of the gas quality variations will be necessary In the future. This paper presents the status quo and trends in gas quality measurement and discusses draft solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Challenges in controlling carbon potential during sintering of steel powder have been discussed in many experimental and theoretical studies. The main issues lie within the complex thermodynamics and kinetics of processing atmosphere chemistry in continuous sintering furnaces. Although many models have tried to address the problem, many of these have rarely come to reality and become an industrial practice. The purpose of this article is to summarize these discussions and investigate the interaction of the atmosphere constituents with the sintered compact within a sintering furnace. Considering an industrial practice perspective, the paper ensures the PM Industry with a fresh new look into the understanding of the furnace operations and provides recommendations to improve the control of the furnace conditions. As an example, existing furnace installation utilizing Linde SINTERFLEX® technology allows monitoring and/ or controlling the furnace atmosphere. This article describes the reduction of oxides and carbon potentials to enable optimisation of the production parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how the application of regenerative burners leads to more energy efficiency in a rolling mill. In December 2011, the rotary hearth furnace of a plug mill was equipped with regenerative burners which led to convincing results: an increased furnace capacity, about 30 % less energy consumption and equivalent less CO2 and NOx emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of EMS (Electro-Magnetic Stirring) technology is one reason for the continuous productivity and metallurgical quality improvement of melting and casting. Advancements in converter (electrical power supply) technology, and numerical simulation of the stirring also contributed substantially to this progress. The result is a controlled process for making homogeneous microstructures by using optimally-sized inductors to electromagneticaily stir the liquid melt. This technical paper describes current applications for inductive kinetics and associated innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The termal insulation of high temperature equipment may be subjected to many kinds of damages, leading to a degradation of its thermal properties. The aim of the present work was to check and predict damages that may occur during the operation of thermal equipment. This paper describes simulations and experiments that were performed in order to reproduce damages and to predict the degradation of the termal insulation by measuring temperature deviations at the outer wall of the equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compactness and flexibility of a burner control system is a very important issue. With a few types a wide range in different industrial applications should be covered. This paper presents different applications of a new burner control system: heating of cooling lines in glass industry, steam generation and air heating for a pistachio roastery and in grain dryers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]