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Due to a new university law all Austrian universities became autonomous entities concerning financial and administrative affairs in 2002. As a result, university libraries found themselves in the new position of having to compete with all other university departments for budgetary resources. After overviewing various earlier strategies pursued to deal with this situation the paper focuses on a detailed delineation of the project of shared archiving in Austria: Print volumes which are electronically available will be archived only once. This does not necessarily mean cumulation at one institution, but to identify institutions owning the best holdings and selecting them as archiving libraries. A system of shared archiving should lead to equal distribution of burden. This paper describes principles of legal agreements, workflows and the expected positive impacts on collection development of shared archiving. Keywords

The final paper in the new school leaving examination (translation of the title). With the introduction of the new school leaving examinations in 2013/14 at the AHS – Allgemeinbildenden Höheren Schulen (= secondary schools of general education) and in 2014/15 at the BHS - Berufsbildenden Höheren Schulen (= vocational schools of higher/advanced education), all graduates have to write a so-called final paper. Such assignments are already well established internationally and will be called Vorwissenschaftliche Arbeit (= pre-academic paper) at the AHS and Diplomarbeit (= diploma thesis) at the BHS. The demands on organisation, form and content vary according to school type: proving the students' qualification for academic studies predominates at the AHS whereas at the BHS the main focus is on professional skills. Thus expectations vary accordingly. However, the common idea is that of an independent work alongside a clearly defined task, its written performance, which fulfils academic standards, and its presentation of the results. The introduction of this so-called third pillar within the final examinations – in addition to the skills oriented oral exams and the centralised written tasks – are a challenge for the schools to intensify independent and project-oriented working methods and it places the responsibility for this academic and propaedeutic task on the schools themselves.

Research on Watermarks – State and Perspectives. Research on watermarks is commonly accepted nowadays as an auxiliary field of history. In certain circumstances, watermarks are able to narrow the date of origin of written sources down to a few years. During the last two decades, watermark research has drawn growing interest by the scientific community. Printed watermark repertories as well as new collections of watermarks from written and printed sources were published online in the frame of a series of projects. A common search interface for the most important of these databases was created in the EU-project 'Bernstein - The Memory of Paper'. The new databases are particularly used for dating mediaeval manuscripts. This paper intends to provide an overview of online databases of watermarks and of modern techniques for their visualisation.

Gendering Means Changing!: Lessons from the Development of the Gender Library at the Humboldt University's Center for Transdisciplinary Gender Studies (ZtG). The Gender Library at Berlin's Humboldt University (HU Berlin) - established December 1989 - serves as a specialized research and information resource for students at HU’s Center for Transdisciplinary Gender Studies (ZtG), as well as for scholars from throughout Germany and abroad. At the ZtG Gender Library, we support a community of academics from diverse backgrounds in navigating the wealth of information available to those conducting inter- and transdisciplinary gender research. In addition the Gender Library collaborates with the university library and diverse specialized libraries - particularly the network of women’s, gender and lesbian libraries. The status of the Gender Library as a branch of the ZtG, as well as an active member of the broader community of academic libraries, puts it in the unique position of being able to identify the distinct needs of gender researchers and how those needs are met by traditional libraries. Based on the experience of the ZtG Gender Library, as well as of specialized women's/lesbian and traditional libraries, this paper argues that the category "gender" continues to present a pivotal challenge to the effective actualization of indexes and classification systems. This paper argues that the more librarians and researchers across all disciplines develop their awareness of the gender category, the greater the opportunity to challenge the authority of traditional (normative) systems of indexing, classifying and filing will become.

This paper gives an overview of the history of bibliometrics in Austria and reports on its level of awareness and its acceptance. For this purpose an online survey addressed to Austrian scientists was conducted and its results analyzed. In spite of emergent and increasing activities in this field, the uptake of bibliometric knowledge is slow and has much room for improvement in the Austrian scientific community. The majority of responders agree on the need for a more sophisticated bibliometric education and also indicate a willingness to use existent bibliometric services.

„Library automation in Austrian University libraries“ gives an overview concerning the development of computerized systems from the beginning of the 1970s till today. Library management systems are the focus of the paper describing TUB, GRIBS, BIBOS and Aleph 500, the latter as the first integrated library system. Computerized systems were implemented to meet the growing demands and to achieve better service results, like radiofrequency technology for lending services or patron driven acquisition. The rapid change in technology and the huge amount of available documents in full text have enlarged the functions of a library tremendously. Only the optimal use of technology enables libraries to cope with the new tasks. The library user of today expects a 24/7 service independent of place and time.

Austrian university libraries offer an increasing part of their information resources and full text documents in electronic form. The present paper does not only describe the range of resources offered and their intensive use. It also deals with the change in the tasks and the work flows of libraries and addresses the issue, whether a far-reaching switch to digital information can optimize costs as well as personnel and space requirements of scientific information resources.

This paper offers an introduction to: Bruno Bauer, Christian Gumpenberger, Robert Schiller(Ed.): "Universitätsbibliotheken im Fokus: Aufgaben und Perspektiven der Universitätsbibliotheken an öffentlichen Universitäten in Östereich". Graz - Feldkirch: Neugebauer, 2013 (Schriften der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare (VÖB), Vol. 13).

This paper describes the digitization concept of the Badische Landesbibliothek in Karlsruhe.

Illuminated Manuscripts on the Web: Brief Inventory of Manuscripts in Stams Abbey in Tyrol (translation of the title). The Brief Inventories were developed by art historians at the Commission for Paleography and Codicology of Medieval Manuscripts (Kommission für Schrift- und Buchwesen des Mittelalters – KSBM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (Oesterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften – ÖAW). The Brief Inventory describing the library holdings of Stams Abbey (http://www.univie.ac.at/paecht-archiv-wien/ki/stams.html) is the second achievement of an innovative project which aims to present all of illuminated manuscripts preserved in selected small collections in Austria thus enabling the user to gain a comprehensive overview. The goal of the presentation at the "Bibliothekartag" is to explore strategies to search for and find the material presented by the Brief Inventory. The paper focuses on the growing importance of search engines.

Work Sets in Primo - First Steps towards Data Presentation in terms of FRBR (translation of the title). This paper deals with the practical application of FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) and the first attempts of its implementation in Vienna University Library’s Primo. A short introduction into the ER-model is followed by a summary of findings concerning FRBRization of bibliographic records in MAB2. Then the possibilities of clustering works and FRBR key settings in Primo are outlined. Although the data in MAB2 and Primo do not enable catalogue displays in total accordance with FRBR, work clusters and facets seem to improve browsing for library users.

Almost all popular media containing fiction as well as non-fiction are available in electronic format and are increasingly offered in libraries. In order to provide all Austrian employees regardless of their place of residence as well as actual opening hours of libraries access to fiction as well as non-fiction books, the Chamber of Labor (AK) has established a virtual branch of its existing public libraries on 23 March 2011. The AK digital library is set up as an internet-based library, which is operated jointly by seven Länder branches of the Austrian Chamber of Labor. When finally set up, the AK digital library will represent the first bond of public libraries accessible throughout Austria. Starting with 7,000 licenses for e-books, the available digital media content is extended annually by 33% of last year’s stock and successively extended to e-audios and e-papers. Particular importance is given to the AK-publications, which are integrated exclusively into the AK digital library and can be accessed via so-called "special libraries", which are set up as adaptable information platforms for special target groups (members of works councils, apprentices, trainees of particular professions ...). As such, the AK public library builds upon federal cooperation, discreet assignment of tasks, unconventional solutions as well as the continuous development of special offers, which distinguish it from other virtual libraries and represent a unique foundation for the success of the AK public library.

This article describes the research project CHARTA of the University Graz. It aims at reserching the paper and water marks of medieval manuscripts in the collection of the University Library Graz.

This paper describes a new device for the recording of water marks of old manuscripts.

This paper describes the experiences of the University Library Graz with the patron-driven acquisition of e-books.

This paper describes the project to establish a common borrower's card for all libraries in South Tyrol.

Seven libraries of the Austrian Chambers of Labour launched a common digital library at the end of March 2011, starting with e-books. The paper describes concept, project planning and implementation, start-up phase and transition to normal operation. Special attention is paid to issues of collection development.

Due to the growing number of sold mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets mobile internet browsing has increased, too. This has an effect on the presentation of web content and web services offered by libraries. In the German-speaking area no library usage statistics concerning mobile internet access have yet been published, nor have there been studies on what users ask of such services. This paper intends to work out a framework for the development of mobile library services, and to find out what users really need. To this aim qualitative, informal interviews have been conducted and evaluated. The interviewees considered the mobile use of the library catalogue including self service functions (request and renew items) to be the most important requirement. Clarity and simple handling as well as services meeting the users' needs in a mobile context will promise a high level of acceptance.

Digital long-term preservation with Rosetta in the Bavarian Library Network (BVB). Digital long-term preservation is a key challenge for libraries in the 21st century. The paper describes the approach with Ex Libris' Rosetta Digital Preservation System in the Bavarian Library Network, starting with the Bavarian State Library and being extended to tests with further university libraries as a step on the way towards network level. The following aspects are addressed: - system scalability with respect to large data volume with rich object structures, - consortial aspects; including interoperability with the library network catalogue (Aleph 500), - the "light archive" approach with end user access.

A digital collection about the First World War. Europeana Collections 1914-1918.The project Europeana Collections 1914-1918 will create by 2014 – the centenary of the outbreak of the First World War - a substantial digital collection of material from national library collections of ten libraries and other partners in eight countries that found themselves on different sides of the historic conflict. This paper presents details about the project coordination, project steps, and workflows as well as the collections to be digitised by the Austrian National Library within the project.

Collection and Longtime Preservation of E-Journals. The paper describes the strategy and the current state of implementation concerning the collection of online publications, so called Netzpublikationen at the German National Library (DNB). Technical requirements for the use of metadata standards, the choice of collectable file formats and the definition of technical interfaces will be described as well as the special challenge of collecting e-journals, which is the reference between various parts and the whole. Recommendations for perpetual access of digitized content in the field of e-journals, given by two German initiatives, will be picked up and demonstrated using the example of NLM- and CrossRef-Metadata.

How libraries can help students to avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism is committed rather out of incomprehension than out of intension. So, suitable measures to avoid plagiarism should rather aim to education and guidance than to repression. Therefore, library education courses cover "responsibly deal with information: avoid plagiarism" within the environment of the standard "effective use of information". Those courses are particularly successful that are integrated into the curriculum of the cooperation partner, school or university, and accompany the process of creating a scholarly paper. The competences of the libraries are appreciated by students, teachers and managers of schools and universities.

This paper focuses on the question how library executives can be supported in planning and implementing change policies and procedures. It describes specific change projects at several German libraries such as the University Library of the Technische Universität München or the University Library Passau and analyzes the different ways in which reforms were effectuated, such as the peer advice strategy ("Modell Kollegiale Beratung") adopted in some university libraries. For data collection and interpretation, qualitative research methods are used.

This paper describes the history of the Austrian Library Cooperation since 2001.

This paper describes the current and future challenges of the Austrian Library Cooperation.

Forum Universitätsbibliotheken Österreichs (ubifo): Stucture, function and projects of this cooperation of Austrian federal universities. Forum Universitätsbibliotheken Österreichs (ubifo) is a cooperative board involving university libraries of the 21 Austrian federal universities and the Austrian national Library. The paper outlines changes for university libraries implicated by the legal validity of the Universitätsgesetz 2002. Furthermore national and international cooperations of Austrian university libraries will be listed and the forum's current projects and future fields of actvity are presented.

Librarian apprenticeship in Austria. Development and state of affairs. This paper deals with the development of the apprenticeship for archive, library and information assistants in Austria. Along with statistical data also the competing multitracking with the traditional internal trainee programs is addressed. In addition, the development of comparable apprenticeship in Germany, Switzerland and Lichtenstein is sketched. The description concludes with a statistical three-country comparison. This article is based on an elaborate study, which will be published under the title "FaMI und ABID-Assistenz – quo vaditis?" as volume 12 (ISBN 978-3-85376-292-9) in the series of the Association of Austrian Librarians (VÖB).

The paper explains the objectives of LIS-Master programs in Austria and Germany with special focus on the qualification for management positions. Professional and personal aspects are reviewed. Similarities and differences between the programs are described.