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For some time massive change needs primarily by libraries and other public facilities for the system of science communication have been formulated against the background the so-called "serials crisis. Great potential for modifications are attributed to information and communication technologies, which seem suitable to allow the distribution of scientific results in cheaper and faster than with the since the end of the 17th Century's established channels of communication of paper-based journals. The current discussion of the changes focus in particular on the phrase "Open Access" with the two basic design options "Green Road" the parallel free online publication media, and the "Golden Road," the primary publishing in open access media. In practice, however, there are numerous, highly differentiated business models for new forms of originary publication services, as well as complementary services. Some of these new forms of science communication are already described in the literature, usually as case-by-case documentations. A helpful addition would be a study grid, which would allow a structured description of different forms of scientific communication. To establish such a typology is the goal of this book. This typology is then used to select new services to be described and then compared. Another aim of the book is so is to make a contribution to the systematic description of reality and thus to provide a basis for sound research., Für das System der Wissenschaftskommunikation werden seit einiger Zeit vor dem Hintergrund der so genannten „Zeitschriftenkrise“ massive Änderungsanforderungen vor allem von Bibliotheken und weiteren öffentlichen Einrichtungen formuliert. Große Potenziale für Modifikationen werden den Informations- und Kommunikationstechno logien zugeschrieben, die geeignet dazu scheinen, die Distribution wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse kostengünstiger und schneller zu erlau ben, als dies mit dem seit Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts etabliertem Kom munikationsweg der papierbasierten Journale möglich ist. Die aktuelle Diskussion um die Veränderungen konzentriert sich insbesondere auf das Schlagwort „Open Access“ mit den zwei grundlegenden Ausgestaltungsvarianten „Green Road“, der parallelen freien Onlinepublikation zu kostenpflichtigen Medien, und der „Golden Road“, dem primären Publizieren in Open-Access-Medien. In der Praxis existieren allerdings zahlreiche, sehr differenzierte Geschäftsmodelle für neue Formen originärer Publikationsdienstleistungen sowie auch ergänzende Angebote. Einige dieser neuen Formen der Wissenschaftskommunikation werden bereits in der Literatur beschrieben, dieses allerdings in Form von Einzelfalldokumentationen. Hilfreich darüber hinaus wäre ein Untersuchungsraster, welches eine strukturierte Deskription verschiedener Formen der Wissenschaftskommunikation erlaubt. Eine solche Typologie zu erarbeiten ist ein Ziel des vorliegenden Buches. Die Typologie wird dann genutzt, um ausgewählte neue Dienstleistungen zu beschrieben und anschließend miteinander zu vergleichen. Ein weiteres Ziel des Buches besteht damit darin, einen Beitrag zur systematischen Beschreibung der Realität zu leisten und hierdurch eine Grundlage für fundierte Forschungsaktivitäten zu schaffen.

For as long as anyone can remember, fake news has been a central problem for the formation of individual and public opinion. Today, the effect of widespread disinformation is amplified by the technical possibilities of online communication, such as echo chambers in social networks or the use of artificial opinion amplifiers. From a cognitive science perspective, it is very difficult to correct the effects of disinformation once it has been expressed. The paper therefore deals with the protection of fake news in online communication under fundamental law on the basis of the case law of the German Federal Constitutional Court, the European Court of Human Rights and an epistemological view, taking into account newer communication modalities such as content dissemination in social networks and video sharing services as well as the dissemination of statements with the help of social bots. After describing the constitutional regulatory framework of the dissemination of fake news, the work is devoted to their regulation in Germany de lege lata. On the one hand, the paper focuses on explaining and evaluating the existing regulation of social bots under the Interstate Treaty on the Media (MStV), taking into account higher-ranking law. On the other hand, the thesis discusses and evaluates the regulation of social networks and video sharing services on the basis of the more recent Digital Services Act (DSA) in comparison to the Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG) and points out areas of tension under basic communications law. Based on the insights gained from the evaluations of existing regulation and the constitutional standards described in relation to the dissemination of disinformation, it is possible to formulate options for action for the (German) legislator that could increase protection against the influence of disinformation on individual and public opinion formation in the context of social bot communication and communication in social networks as well as video sharing services.

This volume contains the proceedings of an international conference on the diplomatics of medieval papal documents held in 2019 at the German Historical Institute in Paris. From the pontificate of Alexander III (1159-1181) at the latest, direct appeals to the Roman curia, permitted even to lay people, reinforced the pope’s jurisdictional primacy and contributed to the proliferation and wide distribution of papal acts, which numbered some 30,000 by the end of the twelfth century. The papers deal with a number of topics touching on papal history, including new techniques for the analysis of papal acts and regional variations in their issuance. Particular attention is paid to France, whose papal charters the German Historical Institute in Paris is analyzing in the Gallia Pontificia.

In the context of testing and examination, the assessment of texts presents a particular challenge. Since textual competence cannot be measured directly, it is assessed indirectly via textuality criteria. In the field of foreign language testing, a target-oriented text production is set as a task; this is also the case in the DSH (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang = German Language Test for University Entrance). DSH text productions are evaluated by means of an analytical evaluation sheet with textuality criteria and in case of passing the exam reported in three levels: DSH-1, DSH-2 and DSH-3. This paper deals with an investigation conducted on DSH text productions to determine which textuality criteria are characteristic for each DSH.

Although the school class is highly relevant for the school organization of instruction, it is predominantly addressed in empirical school research as an explanandum. The sociality of the school class, on the other hand, has hardly been focused on as an empirical object of research. The aim of this paper is to address this desideratum by considering the school class as an object that is constituted in a variety of ways in different discourses. It also asks how classroom teachers construct the school class in everyday-based discourse and relate themselves to it. Different types of data are used to examine how which normative conceptions of school classes are produced in educational, programmatic, and everyday-based discourse. Contributions in scholarly and contemporary practice-instructional literature, as well as specially collected interviews with classroom teachers in secondary schools, serve as data materials. The interviews, as well as the idea for this study, were developed within the framework of the project on making school classes at the Department of Empirical Research on Teaching and School Development at the Institute of Educational Science at the University of Göttingen. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

This book contains the full text of the mathematical notebooks of Helmut Hasse (1898-1979), who was one of the leading mathematicians of the 20th century. The originals have been preserved in the Handschriftenabteilung at the Göttingen University Library. There are a total of seven volumes which contain 98 entries all together; these span the time period from July 1923 to February 1935. Each of the entries is preceded by a short comment. An extensive bibliography is provided. Compared to the other documents and papers from Hasse Nachlass at Göttingen, these papers are quite different. They detail Hasse‘s mathematical background, interests and his way of approaching problems. Many of the entries are inspired by Hasse‘s discussions with other mathematicians (for example, Emil Artin is often mentioned). One of the notable highlights in the entries is the first documentation of Artin‘s conjecture on primitive roots (1927), which Hasse noted down after a discussion with Artin. Another example is the first proof of the Riemann hypothesis for an extended class of function fi elds of high genus, namely those of the generalised Fermat fields with a finite field of constants (1932), after corresponding with Harold Davenport.

Electricity generation from renewable sources of energy has had a long history in Germany and is highly topical. This paper deals with both aspects. A sociological analysis of technology shows how innovative technologies gradually emerged from the Utopian vision of 'velvet' energies, which became the basis of the rapidly growing regenerative electricity production. The second aspect of the paper is an analysis of the growing potential - as well as possible obstacles - of regenerative energies. The expansion of energy production from renewable sources and the tendency towards the concentration of such installations (e.g. large wind farms or solar parks) is increasingly met with opposition from the public. In addition, it is felt that considerable changes in the energy sector can only be successful if its promoters become more active.

Ever since its establishment 25 years ago the 'Göttingen Environmental Colloquium' has developed into an institution that bundles the various activities on the subject here and from all other areas in the German-speaking countries by exchanging the results of research and the various streams of scientific endeavours in ths field. Also some start-up enterprises have originated here. The volume assembles papers of the 2004 to 2006 colloquia. During those years the GEC extended its scope through cooperation with the Göttingen Graduate College "Interdisciplinary Environmental History". The papers ideally present the idea of interrelated departmental research into environmental history, both in their thematic approach and according to the specialized competence of the authors.

The present paper analyzes the emergence of the modern artistic field as an indicator for the formation of the modern state. The work traces this development by looking at various fields that build on each other both thematically and chronologically. London, as the center of the British Empire, and Berlin, as the emerging metropolis of Prussia, represent two ideal areas for comparison. On the basis of seven selected formations of practice - the art academies, the artist's journey, the exhibition system, art criticism, private art collections, the emergence of the modern art museum, and the funeral ceremonies of famous artists - a comparative cultural history of the emergence of the figure of the artist and the artistic field is sketched.

Collecting societies are central players in copyright law in Germany with an annual turnover of currently almost two billion euros. Hundreds of thousands of cultural workers are directly dependent on the exploitation of their rights by collecting societies. Critics are of the opinion that these rights owners have only insufficient influence on the supposedly intransparent distribution of funds by the collecting societies. The criticism culminated in accusations of "mafia-like structures". This paper examines the internal structure and corporate governance of collecting societies. While their activities and state supervision are partially harmonized throughout Europe and regulated in the German VGG, the internal structure of the societies as a hybrid between private and public law has hardly been investigated. With the help of interviews with stakeholders, it is possible to evaluate the status quo and to make suggestions for improvement that are suitable for raising the standard of co-determination.

The liberal professions are subject to an ever changing legal basis and thus constantly undergo minor or major amendments. A fundamental innovation in the current law governing the liberal professions of tax consultants is the authorization to work as in-house tax consultants. Since 2008, the Tax Consultancy Act has made possible to pursue the profession of in-house tax advisor, while lawyers were allowed to work in-house for decades already, with the last amendment of the legal regulations from 2016. This paper deals with the various legal and practical implications of the interactions between the freelance activity as a tax consultant and the activity of in-house tax consultants in an employment relationship. A detailed comparison of the legal basis for tax consultants with that of in-house lawyers is of special interest in light of the current ambiguous legal situation. Special focus is a thorough analysis of the legal question whether or not an in-house tax adviser can be exempted from the obligatory pension insurance.

The use of resources is the precondition of all life. This is foremost true for natural resources such as water, food and fuels but also for immaterial resources like information and efficient social networks. In this book authors from different disciplines try to understand the dealing with resources in a historical perspective. Thereby they analyse topics such as the supply of food in classical Greece, the forest management in the Austrian Alps provinces of the nineteenth century, libraries as stores of knowledge and the present landscape as resource for a better understanding of the past. Together, the papers which are the result of a 2019 workshop of the Göttingen based research project “Nachhaltigkeit als Argument / Sustainability as an Argument” show the diversity and potentials of historical research in the field of resources.

The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Philosophy of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften”, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University’s Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: “We want to establish a ‘German’ society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society…”. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was “quite willing” to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and “drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society”. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specifi c set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie” was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society’s annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, reflecting the Society’s internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.

The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Philosophy of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften”, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University’s Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: “We want to establish a ‘German’ society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society…”. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was “quite willing” to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and “drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society”. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specifi c set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie” was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society’s annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, refl ecting the Society’s internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.

Waste is a commodity, and in particular the separately collected, single-variety waste from private households such as waste paper is a highly coveted commodity that public bodies responsible for waste management, i.e. the municipalities, and private sector waste management companies compete for. The German recycling law (KrWG), which came into force in 2012, allows for this waste according to §§ 17, 18 KrWG an exception to the general obligation to hand over the waste to the public bodies responsible for waste management. However, the exception is so narrow that the competent authorities, which are often the responsible bodies for waste management at the same time, can easily ban the collection of private companies. This restricts the European free movement of goods and infringes EU competition law. The present work highlights these restrictions and infringements and examines whether they can be justified, in particular, by the exemptions for Services of General Economic Interest (SGEI). Insofar as this does not succeed, an amendment of the relevant regulations of §§ 17 and 18 KrWG is proposed.

This volume brings together the papers of the 15th Göttingen Workshop on Family Law, which was held on the 20th October 2017 in cooperation with the joint project "Power and Powerlessness of Maternity". All in all eight contributions shed light on the currently controversial discussion about the so-called shared residence model from different perspectives: In addition to the constitutional basics, comparative and interdisciplinary approaches, all follow-up questions in maintenance, social and tax law are also dealt with. It becomes very clear that the deficits in the relevant laws can only be partially compensated by judiciary law and that the existing incoherencies can only be remedied rudimentary. In addition, well-founded proposals for reform are also presented.

This volume brings together the papers of the 15th Göttingen Workshop on Family Law, which was held on the 20th October 2017 in cooperation with the joint project "Power and Powerlessness of Maternity". All in all eight contributions shed light on the currently controversial discussion about the so-called shared residence model from different perspectives: In addition to the constitutional basics, comparative and interdisciplinary approaches, all follow-up questions in maintenance, social and tax law are also dealt with. It becomes very clear that the deficits in the relevant laws can only be partially compensated by judiciary law and that the existing incoherencies can only be remedied rudimentary. In addition, well-founded proposals for reform are also presented., Der vorliegende Band vereinigt die Referate des 15. Göttinger Workshops zum Familienrecht, der am 20. Oktober 2017 in Kooperation mit dem Verbundprojekt „Macht und Ohnmacht der Mutterschaft“ durchgeführt wurde. Insgesamt acht Beiträge beleuchten die derzeit kontrovers geführte Diskussion um das sog. Wechselmodell aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven: Neben den verfassungsrechtlichen Grundlagen sowie rechtsvergleichenden und interdisziplinären Ansätzen werden auch sämtliche Folgefragen im Unterhalts-, Sozial- und Steuerrecht behandelt. Dabei zeigt sich in aller Deutlichkeit, dass die Defizite in den einschlägigen Gesetzen durch Richterrecht nur teilweise kompensiert und die bestehenden Inkohärenzen nur in Ansätzen behoben werden können. Darüber hinaus werden aber auch gut begründete Vorschläge für eine Reform präsentiert. Band 22 der Reihe „Göttinger Juristische Schriften“ Die Reihe wird von der Juristischen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität herausgegeben und macht Veranstaltungen an der Fakultät einer interessierten Öffentlichkeit zugänglich.

Erhard Weigel (1625-1699) was a German mathematician, astronomer, educator, philosopher, and inventor. He was professor of mathematics at Jena University and is considered a key figure in the development of the mathematical sciences of the 17th Century. In particular, he is known to be the teacher of the young Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) and other notable students. These proceedings record papers presented at an international colloquium held at the Göttingen State and University Library in collaboration with the Erhard Weigel Society based in Jena on December 5-6, 2014. The colloquium was concerned with Erhard Weigel and some of his many students as well as discussed his contribution to the history of science as an excellent educator. Moreover, the colloquium dealt with the flow of impact of his methods and ideas into the scientific community, whose members played a significant role in the scientific revolution of the 17th Century. Finally, a list of known students who attended Weigel's lectures is given., Der Mathematiker, Astronom, Pädagoge, Philosoph und Erfinder Erhard Weigel (1625-1699) war in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts Professor an der Universität Jena und gilt als zentrale und bemerkenswert schillernde Persönlichkeit der Wissenschaft des 17. Jahrhunderts. Sein Wirken hatte einen maßgeblichen Anteil am Aufstieg der Salana während der Barockzeit und machte Jena im weitgefächerten Bereich der mathematischen Wissenschaften zu einem inspirierenden Ausgangsort wissenschaftlicher Innovation. Der von Weigel als zentralem Impulsgeber ausgehende Wissens- und Methodentransfer vollzog sich über ein ausgedehntes personelles Beziehungsgefüge unter den Gelehrten der damaligen Zeit. Viele Zeugnisse von denen, die bei ihm studierten, lassen ihn als einen glänzenden Lehrer erkennen. Zu Weigels Studenten zählen sehr bedeutende wie Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, der 1663 von Leipzig nach Jena kam, aber auch zahlreiche, die heute relativ unbekannt sind, in ihrer Zeit jedoch eine angesehene Stellung bekleideten. Der hier – im Leibniz-Jahr 2016 – vorgelegte Tagungsband basiert auf den Vorträgen des siebenten Erhard-Weigel-Kolloquiums, welches am 5. und 6. Dezember 2014 gemeinsam mit der Erhard-Weigel-Gesellschaft Jena an der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen veranstaltet wurde und sich sowohl mit der allgemeinen Thematik des akademischen Lehrer-Schüler-Verhältnisses befasst als auch einzelne Weigel-Schüler und ihr Wirken näher untersucht hat.

Erhard Weigel (1625-1699) was a German mathematician, astronomer, educator, philosopher, and inventor. He was professor of mathematics at Jena University and is considered a key figure in the development of the mathematical sciences of the 17th Century. In particular, he is known to be the teacher of the young Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) and other notable students. These proceedings record papers presented at an international colloquium held at the Göttingen State and University Library in collaboration with the Erhard Weigel Society based in Jena on December 5-6, 2014. The colloquium was concerned with Erhard Weigel and some of his many students as well as discussed his contribution to the history of science as an excellent educator. Moreover, the colloquium dealt with the flow of impact of his methods and ideas into the scientific community, whose members played a significant role in the scientific revolution of the 17th Century. Finally, a list of known students who attended Weigel's lectures is given.

The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Theory of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the »Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften«, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University's Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: »We want to establish a ,German' society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society...«. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was »quite willing« to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and »drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society«. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specific set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the »Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie« was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society's annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, reflecting the Society's internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.

Das Phänomen des Mißbrauchs von Amtsbefugnissen ist in sämtlichen Gesellschaften verbreitet. Im Gegensatz zum deutschen hat der italienische Gesetzgeber den Amtsmißbrauch in Artikel 323 codice penale unter Strafe gestellt. Das Delikt hat durch die Anklage hochgestellter Politiker in Italien aktuell auch in Deutschland Bekanntheit erlangt. Die Bestimmung weist eine bewegte Geschichte auf und war in Italien Gegenstand heftiger wissenschaftlicher Auseinandersetzungen. Darauf geht die vorliegende Abhandlung anhand der Erläuterung der Tatbestandsmerkmale ein. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, worin die Gründe für das Fehlen einer entsprechenden Norm im deutschen Recht zu sehen sind und inwiefern eine Inkriminierung der Zweckentfremdung von Amtskompetenzen hierzulande unter den Gesichtspunkten der Strafwürdigkeit und Strafbedürftigkeit in Betracht käme., The phenomenon of abuse of official authority is widespread in all societies. In contrast to Germany, the Italian legislature has made abuse of office a punishable offense in Article 323 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The offense has recently gained notoriety in Germany as a result of the indictment of high-ranking politicians in Italy. The provision has a turbulent history and has been the subject of intense scholarly debate in Italy. The present paper addresses this issue by explaining the elements of the crime. In addition, it examines the reasons for the lack of a corresponding norm in German law and the extent to which incrimination of the misappropriation of official powers could be considered in Germany from the standpoint of punishability and the need for punishment.

The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Theory of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the »Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften«, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University's Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: »We want to establish a ,German' society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society...«. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was »quite willing« to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and »drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society«. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specific set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the »Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie« was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society's annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, reflecting the Society's internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.

"Scenes and Topics of the History of Ecology" is the third workshop report presenting selected places of importance for the history of ecology, that can be recommended as travel destinations. Some topics could be attributed to a certain location only with great difficulties - if at all. For others there may be imaginary associations only. Therefore some essays and papers do not strictly adhere to the original intention. The volume continues the reports from the seminars, which are also intended to give outside observers a chance to stress their ecological consciousness. The reports may also serve as discussion material for similar seminars.

This volume contains a collection of papers of a October 2007 Göttingen workshop on family law, the upcoming changes of child’s welfare by the state in the context of the draft law of the Federal Government to "Facilitate Family Court measures in case of endangered child’s welfare.

For some time massive change needs primarily by libraries and other public facilities for the system of science communication have been formulated against the background the so-called "serials crisis. Great potential for modifications are attributed to information and communication technologies, which seem suitable to allow the distribution of scientific results in cheaper and faster than with the since the end of the 17th Century's established channels of communication of paper-based journals. The current discussion of the changes focus in particular on the phrase "Open Access" with the two basic design options "Green Road" the parallel free online publication media, and the "Golden Road," the primary publishing in open access media. In practice, however, there are numerous, highly differentiated business models for new forms of originary publication services, as well as complementary services. Some of these new forms of science communication are already described in the literature, usually as case-by-case documentations. A helpful addition would be a study grid, which would allow a structured description of different forms of scientific communication. To establish such a typology is the goal of this book. This typology is then used to select new services to be described and then compared. Another aim of the book is so is to make a contribution to the systematic description of reality and thus to provide a basis for sound research.

The upcoming reform of the law of alimony was subject of the 5th Goettinger Workshop for Family Law on October 9, 2006. This volume allocates the papers of this workshop, including a general view of the conception and the aims of the reform (Gerhard Hohloch) and a legal comparison between German and French divorce law (Thomas Gergen).

For risks and side effects ask your doctor, pharmacist - or the Clinical Ethics Committee in your environment." The establishment of clinical ethics committees is a direct response to the professionalization of the medical establishment and the achievements in medical technology. Always progress in medicine was more than just technological advance. Especially its undeniable successes face doctors, nurses, chaplains and the management at the same time with new questions and problems. With the institutionalization of clinical ethics consultation connects the expectation of understanding the complex processes on a common basis. What taks are set for ethics committees in hospitals? How becomes ethic an issue there? And how do theologians and nurses communicate in these bodies? These papers summarize from a theological and philosophical point of view central research findings discussed in the framework of the DFG-funded research project "Ethics and Organisation.

The Bologna Process, whose objective is the creation of an „European Higher Education Area“, should be concluded in 2010. In the last years the reactions ranged from total rejection over a more temporising attitude to clear and unambiguous affirmation. Hence, the „Fachverband Deutsch als Fremdsprache“ (FaDaF – association for German as a foreign language) has accepted the challenge to enter on the level of science policy the discussion about the higher education structural reforms as far as the subject of German as a Foreign Language (DaF) is concerned. With the help of reports on the current situation and the future of the DaF degree programmes in various European countries, contributions regarding the crucial problems of the higher education structural reforms and a position paper about the curricular basis of the BA/MA degree programmes in the field of German as a foreign language, the basic parameters of the ongoing restructuring in this subject are discussed here., Der so genannte Bologna-Prozess, dessen Ziel die Schaffung einer „European Higher Education Area“, eines europäischen Hochschulraumes, ist, soll 2010 abgeschlossen sein. Reaktionen der absoluten Ablehnung, des Abwartens oder der klaren und eindeutigen Zustimmung prägten das Bild in den letzten Jahren. Der Fachverband Deutsch als Fremdsprache (FaDaF) hat sich deshalb die Aufgabe gestellt, die Diskussion zur Studienstrukturreform im Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache (DaF) aufzunehmen und wissenschaftspolitisch zu begleiten. Mit Länderberichten zur aktuellen Lage und Zukunft der DaF-Studiengänge Europas, Beiträgen zu den Kernproblemen der Studienstrukturreform sowie einem Grundsatzpapier zur curricularen Basis der BA/MA-Studiengänge im Fach DaF werden die Grundparameter beleuchtet, die für die fortschreitende Umstrukturierung im Fach bedeutsam sind.

Our planet earth is a system - scarcely understood - of geological, biological und cosmic processes of great variety, which make it an interesting object of research. The papers listed here deal with topics of a series of lectures open to the public, presented at the Academy of Sciences and at the Georg August University of Göttingen, which were organised by the publishers of this book. It is the publishers' aim to bring before the public a few important and interesting geoscientific aspects. Needless to say, there is no claim to cover all aspects of this subject area. However, the publishers would like to initiate readers to concentrate more deeply on scientific topics. The selected material should help them to find their way through the diversity of this branch of research.

This book assembles like a balance of activities papers about all working areas of the Lower Saxony State and University Library (SUB), forming a Festschrift for its director Elmar Mittler for his 65 birthday. Within the library is shown as an absolutely consequent service oriented supplier to the Georg-August-University as well as center of innovation to the German and international library community.

Our planet earth is a system - scarcely understood - of geological, biological und cosmic processes of great variety, which make it an interesting object of research. The papers listed here deal with topics of a series of lectures open to the public, presented at the Academy of Sciences and at the Georg August University of Göttingen, which were organised by the publishers of this book. It is the publishers' aim to bring before the public a few important and interesting geoscientific aspects. Needless to say, there is no claim to cover all aspects of this subject area. However, the publishers would like to initiate readers to concentrate more deeply on scientific topics. The selected material should help them to find their way through the diversity of this branch of research., Der Planet Erde ist ein nur wenig verstandenes System von geologischen, biologischen und kosmischen Prozessen und somit ein interessantes und vielseitiges Forschungsobjekt. Die hier vorgestellten Beiträge waren Teil einer öffentlichen Ringvorlesung der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen und der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen im WS 2002/2003, organisiert von den Herausgebern dieses Buches. Den Herausgebern ist es ein Anliegen, einige wichtige und interessante Aspekte der Geowissenschaften einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit zu vermitteln. Es besteht nicht der Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit dieses Themenkomplexes. Die Herausgeber wollen jedoch Anstöße geben, sich intensiver mit dem Themenfeld Geowissenschaften zu beschäftigen. Die ausgewählten Beiträge sollen dem Leser helfen, sich in der Vielfalt der Facetten dieses Forschungsbereiches zurechtzufinden.