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Background: Recent analyses have shown that in health services research in Germany, healthcare organisations are often considered primarily as a study setting, without fully taking their complex organisational nature into account, neither theoretically nor methodologically. Therefore, an initiative was launched to analyse the state of Organisational Health Services Research (OHSR) in Germany and to develop a strategic framework and road map to guide future efforts in the field. This paper summarizes positions that have been jointly developed by consulting experts from the interdisciplinary and international scientific community., Methods: In July 2023, a scoping workshop over the course of three days was held with 32 (inter)national experts from different research fields centred around OHSR topics using interactive workshop methods. Participants discussed their perspectives on OHSR, analysed current challenges in OHSR in Germany and developed key positions for the field's development., Results: The seven agreed-upon key positions addressed conceptual and strategic aspects. There was consensus that the field required the development of a research agenda that can guide future efforts. On a conceptual level, the need to address challenges in terms of interdisciplinarity, terminology, organisation(s) as research subjects, international comparative research and utilisation of organisational theory was recognized. On a strategic level, requirements with regard to teaching, promotion of interdisciplinary and international collaboration, suitable funding opportunities and participatory research were identified., Conclusions: This position paper seeks to serve as a framework to support further development of OHSR in Germany and as a guide for researchers and funding organisations on how to move OHSR forward. Some of the challenges discussed for German OHSR are equally present in other countries. Thus, this position paper can be used to initiate fruitful discussions in other countries., Competing Interests: LA ist Vorstandsmitglied der DGMS und des DNVF. Sie ist Mitglied des Editorial Boards des Journal of Health Care Services and Implementation. JB erhält Fördermittel für mehrere OVF-Projekte in Australien und Europa. ME ist Vorsitzender der Society for Studies in Organizing Healthcare (SHOC). Die Arbeit des Instituts für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, wird durch einen zweckungebundenen Zuschuss des Arbeitgeberverbands der Metall- und Elektroindustrie Baden-Württemberg (Südwestmetall) unterstützt. Die übrigen Autor*innen erklären, dass keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).)

The Health Advisory Board of the German Federal Association for Rehabilitation (BAR) describes future trends and challenges in rehabilitation as deriving from the socio-demographic development in Germany and the structural characteristics of its Social and Health Care Insurance System. The focus is on elder employees to sustain and regenerate their capacity for employment, on people which are no longer employed to activate their autonomy and ability for self-support, and on rehabilitation as a holistic and integrative process extending through the social security and health insurances. There is an urgent need and a real chance to benefit from already existing scientific findings more frequently and to integrate them effectively into adequate further education and training programmes for professionals. Finally the conclusion summarises 8 theses to facilitate rehabilitation as an integral and essential part of the German social security and health sector. This paper was fully accredited by the members of the BAR Managing Board.

Telemedical care concepts provide opportunities to improve the care of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The current state of telemedical technologies enables the effective monitoring of the disease. Germany is one of the first European countries with an entitlement to telemedical supporting care for CHF patients. The decision of the German Federal Joint Committee in 2020 to introduce telemedical supporting care for CHF patients marks a milestone. For the first time, a digital care procedure was included in the benefits catalogue of the statutory health insurance funds due to its proven benefits in terms of morbidity and mortality. Privately insured CHF patients have been entitled to these benefits since January 2024. Future developments, particularly with respect to artificial intelligence procedures in telemedicine, are promising but require more evidence. Further research, technological innovation and supportive policy frameworks are needed to realize the full potential of these approaches. Continued collaboration between healthcare professionals, technology developers and policy makers will be crucial in sustainably improving the care of heart failure patients with telemedicine., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

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This paper follows the already existing literature to address three main pressing concerns that Romania is currently facing with respect to sustainable development and economic growth, which has likely been impeded as a direct consequence of the ongoing sanitary crisis. The research questions of this paper were asked with the consideration of finding possible solutions to the current developments. These questions were “How will the global health crisis project on Romania’s GDP growth in 2021 and going forward?”, “To what extent can Romania face its current challenges with respect to the budgetary pressures?”. The research itself was conducted using the R programming language with quantitative data, namely quarterly GDP starting from 2005 Q1 onwards and its main objective is to simulate Romania’s GDP to answer the aforementioned questions. Therefore, this research is empirical in the sense that it derives the simulated data from real data which was taken from Eurostat. The main findings of this research were that Romania’s GDP could grow by a mean 3.2% in 2021, which is more conservative than the existing institutional forecasts made by the European Commission, the International Monetary Fund, World Bank and the Romanian National Commission for Strategy and Forecasting, implying that the majority of the simulated outcomes have been in that respective range of values. Moreover, this research also finds that consumption is expected to increase by approximately 4.2% and that the budget deficit relative to GDP could go as low as to negative 7.8%. This paper creates value for future policymaking as it proposes solutions which could help Romania going forward. Thus, this paper creates value for not only the policymakers but the society as a whole.

This contribution explores the interface between pagan divination and scriptural prophecy in Augustine's works. Both angels and demons function as intermediaries between humans and the divine realm, which makes it possible to interpret one prediction in various ways, either as an authentic scriptural prophecy or as a foretelling inspired by demons. A close reading of Augustine's treatise De diuinatione daemonum and De ciuitate Dei 7,34/5 forms the theoretical frame of this paper which discusses one example of a divination narrative in three works by Augustine. The story of the medium in Endor who predicts King Saul's death is mentioned in De doctrina christiana, Epistula 43 and De cura pro mortuis gerenda. A comparison of these three references shows that Augustine uses the versatility of this divination/prophecy narrative. He seems to emphasize different aspects of the narrative as the communicative purpose of the specific text requires. The picture that emerges from Augustine's works is not that of a clear transformation of pagan divination into scriptural prophecy, but that of effective rhetorical use of the versatility of a given narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conceptualizes the history of the future in the twentieth century. The present future is always multi-faceted: produced by diverse actors, it concerns different aspects of the world, and is articulated in many ways. We suggest a divergence from the Koselleckian notion of a unified horizon of expectation. Rather than concentrating on the contents of visions of the future, we focus on the processes by which the future is generated. Distinguishing between futures of expectation, creation, risk, and conservation, we offer both a systematic account and a heuristic to analyze the pluralization of the future in the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of demographic changes on future health care expenditure of the German social health insurances considering the expenditures of survivors and decedents by age. The study analysed data from 269,646 members up to the age of 99 years of the AOK - one of Germany's largest social health insurers - in the State of Hesse in 2000/2001. In order to determine future health care expenditures, per-capita expenditures by age for outpatient, inpatient, rehabilitation, and nursing services of survivors and decedents (death within the next 12 months) were multiplied by the estimated number of survivors and decedents by age in Germany in 2020, 2035 und 2050. Expenditures for all ages were summed together. The paper shows that demographic changes until 2050 will lead to an increase of health care expenditures by 20% in total or less than 1% annually. Considering the future re-duction in workforce, demographic changes until 2050 will result in an estimated increase in health care expenditures per employee by about 57% (undifferentiated model). Considering the cost of survivors and decedents separately, this increase will amount to 50%. Hence, undifferentiated models overestimate the impact of demographic changes by about 10%.

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"In this paper we illustrated future migration of labor within the old and new 'Lander' of unified Germany.... Our setting was a microbased general equilibrium model. It was shown that the diverging economic conditions within reunified Germany heavily distort the choice of location of German workers. If the transfer of capital and technology does not equalize the large discrepancies rapidly, net migration of eastern workers into the west of close to 12 percent of the eastern work force by 1993, and 16 percent by 1995, is to be expected." (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"The aim of this paper is to provide a survey of the previous and possible future global effects of net immigration on economic growth and the labor market from a macroeconomic point of view....First, some fundamentals relating to the expected economic effects of migration are briefly examined. There follows--in the first main section--a retrospective view of the development of economy and immigration in...[Germany] based on a statistical comparison and existing simulations with macroeconomic models. In the second main section the effects of further migration are discussed on the basis of population and labor market projections." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE AND RUS), (excerpt)

"Using model calculations to the year 2050, this paper shows the decisive role that assumptions on future (net) migration to Germany will play in the long-term development of the labor force potential. The particular focus of this paper is to point out the importance of (net) migration not only in terms of absolute figures, but more importantly in terms of the age and gender structure. The annual net migration of 500,000 or 250,000 persons leads, depending on the assumption of its age structure, to extreme differences in the long-term development of the labor force potential." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE AND RUS), (excerpt)

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The article presents news briefs pertaining to libraries. An online petition at http://www.klassik-stiftung.de/einrichtungen/herzogin-annaamalia-bibliothek/weimarer-appell/ against the conservation and protection of library materials against destruction via fires and flooding is discussed, the publication of an English translation of a Dutch paper on the future of libraries available online at http://www.siob.nl/media/documents/Library_of_ the_Future_12082014_DEF.pdf is announced, and the launch of the "Landesdigitalisierungsprogramm Wissenschaft und Kultur" library material digitization program in Saxony, Germany is also announced.

In this paper an attempt is made to critically review the literature, with special emphasis on bloodstain analysis. One essential aim is the integration of this field into casework. Three basic components in skillful assessment of stains are described: (1) analysis of stain morphology, (2) discriminating and attributing analyses, (3) individualization. Regarding the first, the analysis of stain morphology is based upon the extensive experimental literature published since 1895--mainly in continental Europe. Since 1971 there have also been publications in the American literature. The large family of stain forms and their dependency on multiple variables are described, especially regarding the modes of formation, the energy of impact, and the physical properties of the substrate. The essential elements for reconstruction of the crime are described. The areas of application are arranged in case groups. Since in case work the stain pattern is complicated by many artifacts and overlaps, forensic pathologists are considered the ideal experts for the analysis of bloodstain patterns, as they have a profound knowledge of the type and sequence of injuries. If this is not the case, the forensic pathologist should at least be integrated into the investigating team. In practical application, the stain form is not always adequately analysed. The education and training of pathologists should be improved to achieve this standard. Analysis of the stain morphology and a subsequent selection of stains are also essential prerequisites for meaningful further investigations. By the use of discriminating and attributing analyses, one can as a rule arrive at a definite answer by using only one test. This is true for basic questions such as the identification of blood type, as well as proof of exclusion. One can distinguish between traditional methods, the new field of immunochemistry and rarely used methods. Immunochemistry has permitted success in recent years in determination of the blood group from hair. It is recommended that reference laboratories be established for training in these rare methods. Individualization analyses are subdivided into two large fields: non-DNA individualization and DNA individualization. It is postulated that in the future stain laboratory both areas will coexist. In non-DNA individualization, essential progress has been made. The detection of protein polymorphisms by blotting and subsequent visualization by antibody-linked enzyme/substrate reactions has led to a considerable increase in sensitivity and specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

"This paper applies two kinds of graphs illustrating three-dimensional relationships of the development of Austrian age structure 1869-2025 and of the history of age-specific fertility and mortality rates since 1951. Perspective pictures (3-D mountains) present the evolution of male and female age structures and of age-specific sex-ratios." The author discusses the baby boom generation and the impact of the population aging process on social and economic aspects of life in Austria (SUMMARY IN ENG), (excerpt)

"Population forecasts based on cross sectional data do not allow for the variations in cohort fertility. In this paper methods are developed to fit cohort fertility rates by an exponential function. Out of a number of selected functions the Weibull-function shows the best fit. For predicting cohort fertility pattern the parameter values can be derived from the forecasts of a small number of demographic statistics." (summary in ENG), (excerpt)

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On the 8th of May 2010, the EU Reflection Group "Horizon 2020-2030" presented its final report "Project Europe 2030" after 17 months of deliberation. After a decade of being bound up in oneself, the report aims to prepare the EU for the tremendous challenges of the future. The work of this recent Reflection Group has hardly been noticed -- even by EU experts. Therefore, the paper starts by outlining the history of the Reflection Group before discussing the manifold problems concerning the content and method of the Group's work. Finally, a preliminary assessment of the final report, which is intended to be a wake-up call for the EU, is tried. Whether the relevant actors and the public hear the alarm bells toll, however, depends on a number of factors; therefore, the timing of the report can turn out to be an obstacle as well as an opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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