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Robert Neumann (1897–1957, Austrian exiled author and Vicepresidet of the PEN International, was even a disputatious antifascist political writer. His essays, his letters and biograpical documents give a vivid portrait of the diversity of literary life in Germay and Austria (before 1933/after 1958) and of exile in England (1933–1958)., Der österreichische Schriftsteller Robert Neumann (1897–1975), Exilant und Vizepräsident des PEN International, war auch ein streitbarer antifaschistischer Publizist. Seine politisch-literarischen Aufsätze, seine Briefe und biographischen Dokumente ergeben ein lebendiges und facettenreiches Bild des literarischen Lebens in Deutschland und Österreich (vor 1933/nach 1958) und des Exils in England (1933–1958).

The rebirth of Ancient Greek in Europe was promoted by Humanist education and ideas to such an extent that we can consider the Greek language as a formative element of Humanist culture. Next to Latin, the default common language, a Humanist has to know and use Greek, because he is not, cannot and will not be a barbarian: barbaros ou pelomai, as Julius Caesar Scaliger claimed in his verses in 1600. Wreaths (stephanoi) have been the symbols of the cult of Muses from ancient times. After the love for Greek Muses had been revived by Renaissance Humanist poets and scholars, it has remained with us both in poetic activity and in scholarship. The Hellenostephanos volume presents a collection of papers by scholars who study Humanist Greek, aspiring towards another revival of Hellenism, and trying to avoid being barbarians. The volume includes papers by Christian Gastgeber, Gita Bērziņa, Janika Päll, Charalampos Minaoglou, Erkki Sironen, Kaspar Kolk, Tua Korhonen, Johanna Akujärvi, Bartosz Awianowicz, Jean-Marie Flamand, Walther Ludwig, Alessandra Lukinovich, Martin Steinrück, Tomas Veteikis, Grigory Vorobyev, Vlado Rezar, Pieta van Beek, and Antoine Haaker.

Debates about decriminalising or even legalising certain narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances have gained much momentum in recent years. On the surface, it appears that more and more jurisdictions are exploring the introduction of measures to permit, albeit in very controlled ways, the use of some narcotic drugs, if only for medical purposes. Others further agree that the so-called ‘war on drugs’ has failed to produce any meaningful success and that new ways to prevent the abuse of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances need to be explored. Nevertheless, most jurisdictions continue to impose near-complete bans on the production, manufacturing, trade, transport, supply, sale, and possession of illicit drugs. National authorities, along with international organisations, point out that any move to decriminalise narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is inconsistent with international law. As part of a joint teaching programme on transnational organised crime, students from the Universities of Queensland, Vienna and Zurich researched the topic of illicit drugs in a year-long course. Some of their academic papers are compiled in this volume, addressing topics reaching from international and national legal frameworks to concrete liberalisation efforts in the past and harm minimisation strategies.; Die Debatten über die Entkriminalisierung oder gar Legalisierung bestimmter Suchtstoffe und psychotroper Substanzen haben in den letzten Jahren stark an Dynamik gewonnen. Oberflächlich betrachtet scheinen immer mehr Länder die Einführung von Maßnahmen zu prüfen, die den Konsum einiger Betäubungsmittel - wenn auch in sehr kontrollierter Form - erlauben, und sei es nur für medizinische Zwecke. Andere Experten sind ebenfalls der Meinung, dass der so genannte ""Krieg gegen die Drogen"" keinen nennenswerten Erfolg gebracht hat und dass neue Wege zur Verhinderung des Missbrauchs von Betäubungsmitteln und psychotropen Substanzen erforscht werden müssen. Dennoch gelten in den meisten Ländern nach wie vor nahezu vollständige Verbote für Produktion, Herstellung, Handel, Transport, Lieferung, Verkauf und Besitz illegaler Drogen. Nationale Behörden und internationale Organisationen weisen darauf hin, dass jeder Schritt zur Entkriminalisierung von Betäubungsmitteln und psychotropen Substanzen im Widerspruch zum Völkerrecht steht. Im Rahmen eines gemeinsamen Lehrprogramms zur grenzüberschreitenden organisierten Kriminalität haben sich Studierende der Universitäten Queensland, Wien und Zürich in einem einjährigen Kurs mit dem Thema illegale Drogen beschäftigt. Einige ihrer aktuellen akademischen Arbeiten sind in diesem Band zusammengestellt. Sie behandeln Themen, die von internationalen und nationalen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen über konkrete Liberalisierungsbemühungen in der Vergangenheit bis hin zu Schadensminimierungsstrategien reichen. Übersetzt mit www.DeepL.com/Translator (kostenlose Version)

Writing and publishing scientific papers is the core business of researchers, but is often experienced as difficult and frustrating. This book provides clear and concise key information on 12 major aspects of the process, from how to get started to dealing with reviewers’ comments. We describe each aspect structured into background information (‘‘What you should know’’), concrete advice (‘‘What you should do’’),and a checklist of the main points.

This book unites essays on the interplay of media or inter-arts studies, as well as papers with a focus on comics studies, further testimony to the fact that comics have truly arrived in mainstream academic discourse. "Adaptation" is a key term for the studies presented in this volume various articles discuss the adaptation of literary source texts in different target media - cinematic versions, comics adaptations, TV series, theatre, and opera.

This volume contains selected papers of the 2008 annual conference of the German Association for Social Science Research on Japan (Vereinigung für sozialwissenschaftliche Japanforschung e.V. – VSJF). The academic meeting has addressed the issue of demographic change in Japan in comparison to the social developments of ageing in Germany and other member states of the European Union. The conference was organized by the Institute for Modern Japanese Studies at Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf and took place at the Mutter Haus in Kaiserswerth (an ancient part of Duesseldorf). Speakers from Germany, England, Japan and the Netherlands presented their papers in four sessions on the topics “Demographic Trends and Social Analysis”, “Family and Welfare Policies”, “Ageing Society and the Organization of Households” and “Demographic Change and the Economy”. Central to all transnational and national studies on demographic change is the question of how societies can be reconstructed and be made adaptive to these changes in order to survive as solidarity communities. The authors of this volume attend to this question by discussing on recent trends of social and economic restructuring and giving insight into new research developments such as in the area of households and housing, family care work, medical insurance, robot technology or the employment sector.

The region of the Middle East has been called the cradle of mankind. This volume studies historical, cultural, religious, social and political legacies, which play a central role in obstructing intercultural dialogue in the Middle East. The region became home to numerous cultures, religions and ethnicities with long experience of living together in a multicultural environment and has an immense impact on the entire human civilization as first human civilizations were born there. Today, more than 50% of world population follow Abrahamic religions (e.g. Christianity, Islam, Judaism), which have their roots in the Middle East. This book focuses on multiple topics related to the Middle East, including ancient history, the religion and mythology of the Ancient Near Eastern regions, Arabic, Persian and Islamic studies, Persian, Turkish and Arab literature, as well as modern Middle Eastern issues related to politics, security, society and the economy. The volume includes papers by Amar Annus, Tanja Dibou, Peeter Espak, Yoel Guzansky, Ingrida Kleinhofa, Jaan Lahe, Lidia Leontjeva, Aynura Mahmudova, Yossi Mann, Kobi Michael, Holger Mölder, Limor Nobel-Konig, Sandra Peets, Üllar Peterson, Illimar Ploom. Yurii Punda, Itamar Rickover, Vladimir Sazonov, Vitalii Shevchuk, Krzysztof Ulanowski, and Viljar Veebel.

The series "Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Rechtstatsachenforschung" pursues the goal of presenting and analysing the social foundations of law and its actual application. Volume 10 contains the papers presented at the conference "Rechtstatsachenforschung", which took place in Innsbruck in June 2018. The conference offered a bouquet of different national and international topics that demonstrate the importance of empirical legal studies in a changing society. Admittedly, only some highlights could be thrown on individual areas. Many other areas would require likewise intensive research from the point of view of empirical legal studies and sociology of law. - Die Reihe „Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Rechtstatsachenforschung“ verfolgt das Ziel, die gesellschaftlichen Grundlagen des Rechts und seine tatsächliche Anwendung darzustellen und zu analysieren. Band 10 enthält die Referate der Tagung „Rechtstatsachenforschung“, die im Juni 2018 in Innsbruck stattgefunden hat. Die Tagung bot diesmal einen Strauß unterschiedlicher nationaler und internationaler Themen, die die Bedeutung der Rechtstatsachenforschung in einer sich wandelnden Gesellschaft belegen. Dabei konnten freilich nur kleine Schlaglichter auf einzelne Bereiche geworfen werden. Vieles andere bedürfte ebenso intensiver rechtstatsächlicher und rechtsoziologischer Beforschung.

Media can show diversity in very different ways. On the one hand, there is a variety of media forms and their outlets. On the other hand, the media landscape reflects the plurality of society. People with different interests and experiences produce different media contents and formats. But the forms and possibilities of media communication do not only become more varied as a result of new technologies. This volume includes the papers from a lecture series titled “Media Diversity” and a media day of the same name, held in the winter term of 2018/19. The central topics included, among others, the requirements for medial diversity, dangers which threaten to limit this plurality, as well as media forms which promote or address diversity in various ways. - Medien können auf ganz unterschiedliche Art Diversität zeigen. Einerseits gibt es eine Vielgestaltigkeit der Medienformen und ihrer Outlets. Andererseits spiegelt die Medienlandschaft die Vielfalt der Gesellschaft wider. Menschen mit unterschiedlichen Interessen und Erfahrungen produzieren verschiedenste Medieninhalte und -formate. Aber Formen und Möglichkeiten medialer Kommunikation werden nicht nur durch neue Technologien vielfältiger. In diesem Sammelband sind die Vorträge des gleichnamigen Medientages und der Ring­vorlesung „Mediendiversität“ im Wintersemester 2018/19 abgedruckt. Zentrale Inhalte waren unter anderem die Voraussetzungen für mediale Vielfalt, Gefahren, die die Vielfalt einzuschränken drohen, aber auch Medienformen, die auf unterschiedliche Weise Diversität unterstützen oder zum ­Thema ­machen.

Thirteen papers on different subjects, focussing on writings and inscriptions in medieval art, explore the faculty of writing to create and determine spaces and to generate the sacred by the display of holy scripture. The subjects range from book illumination over wall painting, mosaics, sculpture, and church interiors to inscriptions on portals and façades.

The history of individual seascapes has recently become a vibrant and innovative field of research. Nonetheless, connections between seas (entre mers) and the imagination of lands „beyond the Sea“ (Outre-mer) have only rarely been focused in these contexts. This is precisely the main aim of the present collection of essays, which results from a conference held at Heidelberg University. The individual papers treat various aspects of transmarine connections, their regulation and mental expansion in an Indo-Mediterranean context, which comprises the Mediterranean, the Indian Ocean, as well as projections of seaways to India on other maritime areas, thus spanning a wide chronological spectrum from Egyptian antiquity to the onset of the Atlantic Age in the sixteenth century., Meeresräume haben sich zu einem dynamischen Feld der heutigen Geschichtsforschung entwickelt. Dabei steht jedoch die Untersuchung von Verbindungen zwischen Meeren (entre mers) und Vorstellungen von Land „Outre-mer“ bislang weniger im Zentrum des Interesses. Diesen Fragen widmet sich die Aufsatzsammlung, die auf eine Tagung an der Universität Heidelberg zurückgeht. Die Beiträge behandeln Aspekte transmariner Verbindungen, ihrer Regulierung und mentalen Ausweitung in einem indo-mediterranen Kontext, der neben dem Mittelmeer und dem Indischem Ozean auch die Projektionen von Seewegen nach Indien auf andere maritime Räume in einem breiten zeitlichen Rahmen vom ägyptischen Altertum bis zum Beginn des atlantischen Zeitalters im 16. Jahrhundert umfasst.

What is a stone? in Gemmarum et lapidum historia (The History of Gems and Stones), pub-lished in 1609, and arguably the most important work on stones of the seventeenth cen-tury, the flemish physician anselm de Boodt listed precious stone brought to europe from asia and the new World, illustrated with specimens from the collection of rudolf iiin Prague where de Boodt was court physician, and the successor of Carolus Clusius as overseer of rudolf ’s gardens. de Boodt also included stones mined and sculpted in europe, such as various marbles, porphyry, alabaster and rock crystal, as well as stone of organic origin, such as amber and coral, fossils and a diversity of animal body stones, the bezoar stone being the most famous one. making the provenance of stones more difficult to judge, global trade made the issue of fake stones only more pressing. Since precious stones were expensive, there had been a constant concern with fake imitation stones across europe since (at least) the thirteenth century. in the first part of the book after the descrip-tion of the accidents of the stones, de Boodt indicates that this is useful knowledge because it serves to distinguish real from counterfeited stones – a purpose of the book which was highlighted in the titles of the later frensh translation of de Boodt in the 1640s as well as in the lapidary of the Cambridge scholar thomas nichols in english, which was derivative of de Boodt’s The History of Gems and Stones. this paper shows that the response to the question of “what is a stone” was defined by the use, transformation and imitation of materials, sculptors, jewellers and goldsmiths as much as by the categories and concepts of aristotelian natural philosophy and history. it will be argued that artisanal and mer-cantile knowledge of stones, focused on their physical qualities, such as the behaviour of the stone when cutting it, or the size as the most important element in determining the value of a stone in commercial exchange, underlies de Boodt’s classification of stones.

The volume contains 29 papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on the Roman Danubian Provinces, Vienna, 11th–14th November 2015. These contributions represent the fields of Ancient History, Greek and Latin Epigraphy as well as Archaeology. The main focus of the volume lies in the historical analysis of inscribed monuments., Der Band enthält 29 Beiträge zur 3. Internationalen Konferenz über die römischen Donauprovinzen (Wien, 11.-14. Nov.2015). Diese Beiträge repräsentieren die Forschungsfelder der Alten Geschichte, der Griechischen und Lateinischen Epigraphik sowie der Archäologie. Der Fokus des Bandes liegt auf der historischen Analyse von inschriftlichen Zeugnissen.

This volume consists of conference papers from the Vienna conference about Habsburg representation which took place in June 2015. The theme is the different forms of representation of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty in art and music from the 17th to the early 20th centuries. The many forms of representation employed are discussed in four sections, dealing with the themes and media used, with the relationship between ruler, state and nation, with the networks of the actors involved and with the relationship between ceremonial spaces and the diverse ‘publics’ being addressed., Die vorliegende Publikation der Beiträge der Wiener Konferenz zur habsburgischen Repräsentation (Juni 2015), ist den unterschiedlichen Formen der Repräsentation der Habsburg-Lothringischen Dynastie in Kunst und Musik vom 17. bis in das frühe 20. Jahrhundert gewidmet. In vier Blöcken werden die breiten Anwendungsformen von Repräsentation hinsichtlich der verwendeten Themen und Medien, des Verhältnisses zwischen Regent, Staat und Nation, der Netzwerke der Akteure und des Verhältnisses zwischen den zeremoniellen Räumen und den vielfältigen darauf Bezug nehmenden ‚Öffentlichkeiten‘ thematisiert.

This volume addresses Jewish, Christian and Muslim future visions on the end of the world, focusing on the respective allies and antagonists for each religious society. Spanning late Antiquity to the early modern period, the collected papers examine distinctive aspects represented by each religion`s approach as well as shared concepts.

The use of resources is the precondition of all life. This is foremost true for natural resources such as water, food and fuels but also for immaterial resources like information and efficient social networks. In this book authors from different disciplines try to understand the dealing with resources in a historical perspective. Thereby they analyse topics such as the supply of food in classical Greece, the forest management in the Austrian Alps provinces of the nineteenth century, libraries as stores of knowledge and the present landscape as resource for a better understanding of the past. Together, the papers which are the result of a 2019 workshop of the Göttingen based research project “Nachhaltigkeit als Argument / Sustainability as an Argument” show the diversity and potentials of historical research in the field of resources.

The present book, the first collective volume entirely devoted to aspects of Byzantine epigraphy, mainly comprises papers delivered at two international meetings (Vienna 2010, Sofia 2011). The book is divided into four sections and includes contributions on the history of Byzantine epigraphy, on the definition of Byzantine inscriptions, on the methodoly of editing and on case studies of inscription of specific regions and eras., Das vorliegende Buch, der erste zur Gänze Aspekten der byzantinistischen Epigraphik gewidmete Sammelband, umfasst in erster Linie Beiträge von zwei internationalen Konferenzen (Wien 2010, Sofia 2011). Das Buch besteht aus vier Abschnitten und bietet Artikel zur Geschichte der byzantinischen Epigraphik, zur Definition von byzantinischen Inschriften, zur Methodik der Editionen und zu Fallstudien zu Inschriften bestimmter Regionen und Epochen.

The volume deals with the juridical and institutional framework of athletic and artistic games from archaic Greece to late antique Rome. The agones’ rules and regulations, the funding by public contributions and wealthy private sponsors were approached as well as the athletes’ training and prizes and privileges, which determined the athletes’—and especially the winner’s— social status. Moreover attention was drawn onto the end of the classical Greek agones from a Roman perspective.The Second Vienna Colloquium on Ancient Legal History addressed the juridical and institutional framework of athletic and artistic games in classical antiquity. The chronological frame ranged from Archaic times to Late Antiquity (8th cent. BCE – 6th cent. CE). The symposium covered three main areas of interest. Firstly, the agones’ rules and regulations, the funding by public contributions and wealthy private sponsors as well as the athletes’ training were approached. Prizes and privileges, which determined the athletes’—and especially the winner’s— social status and were thus crucial to the agones’ appeal, were then attended to by several papers. In contrast to the conditions under the Imperium Romanum, where the emperor enforced nation-wide regulations, the „politics of sports“ followed different rules in the small-scaled world of the classical Greek poleis. Thus, differences in the conception of sports between Greeks and Romans were traced and exemplarily demonstrated on the basis of the gladiatorial games. Lastly, attention was drawn onto the end of the classical Greek agones from a Roman perspective. The now Christian empire couldn’t tolerate the pagan agones anymore and instead developed new forms of athletic competitions and public entertainment: late antique circus games and chariot races., Der Band widmet sich den rechtlichen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen athletischer und künstlerischer Wettkämpfe vom archaischen Griechenland bis in das spätantike Rom. Das Regelwerk der agone, die Finanzierung durch öffentliche Förderungen und reiche Privatsponsoren wurden ebenso angesprochen wie das Training der Athleten und Siegespreise und Privilegien, die den sozialen Status der Athleten, im Besonderen der Sieger, determinierten. Darüber hinaus wurde die Aufmerksamkeit auf das Ende der klassischen griechischen agone aus römischer Perspektive gelenkt.Der vorliegende Band des zweiten Wiener Kolloquium zur Antiken Rechtsgeschichte widmet sich den rechtlichen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen der sportlichen und musischen Wettkämpfe des klassischen Altertums. Der zeitliche Rahmen erstreckt sich von der Archaik bis in die Spätantike (8. Jh. v.Chr. – 6. Jh. n.Chr.). Das Regelwerk der Agone, ihre Finanzierung sowohl aus öffentlichen Mitteln wie auch aus privaten Zuwendungen vermögender Sponsoren und die Ausbildung der Sportler bilden den ersten Schwerpunkt. Siegespreise und Privilegien, die den sozialen Status von Sportlern und insbesondere Wettkampfsiegern bestimmten und für die Attraktivität der Agone ausschlaggebend waren, stehen im Mittelpunkt weiterer Beiträge. Derartige Fragen waren stets Gegenstand einer „Sportpolitik“, die unter den kleinräumigen Gegebenheiten der klassischen griechischen Stadtstaaten anderen Spielregeln folgte als etwa im Imperium Romanum, wo der Kaiser versuchte uniforme, reichsweite Bestimmungen durchzusetzen. Unterschiede im Konzept von Sport und Wettkampf bei Griechen und Römern werden aufgespürt und unter anderem anhand der Gladiatorenspiele als einem spezifisch römischem Sonderfall illustriert. Ein weiterer Aspekt ist der Blick auf das Ende der klassischen griechischen Agonistik aus der römischen Perspektive: Das christlich gewordene Kaisertum duldete die heidnischen Agone nicht mehr, entwickelte aber gleichzeitig mit den spätantiken Zirkusspielen und ihren Wagenrennen und Tierhatzen neue Formen des Wettkampfs und der Volksbelustigung.

The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Philosophy of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften”, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University’s Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: “We want to establish a ‘German’ society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society…”. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was “quite willing” to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and “drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society”. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specifi c set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie” was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society’s annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, reflecting the Society’s internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.

The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Philosophy of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften”, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University’s Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: “We want to establish a ‘German’ society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society…”. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was “quite willing” to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and “drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society”. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specifi c set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the “Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie” was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society’s annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, refl ecting the Society’s internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.

This paper tries to make plausible the following claims: The paragraphs §608–612 of “On Certainty” do not speak in favour of what Boghossian construes as the Master Argument for Relativism; that “On Certainty” introduces various relativistic themes; and that Boghossian and Wittgenstein conceptualize epistemic systems in rather different ways that lead to very different views on three candidate cases for radical difference in epistemic systems.

Erhard Weigel (1625-1699) was a German mathematician, astronomer, educator, philosopher, and inventor. He was professor of mathematics at Jena University and is considered a key figure in the development of the mathematical sciences of the 17th Century. In particular, he is known to be the teacher of the young Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) and other notable students. These proceedings record papers presented at an international colloquium held at the Göttingen State and University Library in collaboration with the Erhard Weigel Society based in Jena on December 5-6, 2014. The colloquium was concerned with Erhard Weigel and some of his many students as well as discussed his contribution to the history of science as an excellent educator. Moreover, the colloquium dealt with the flow of impact of his methods and ideas into the scientific community, whose members played a significant role in the scientific revolution of the 17th Century. Finally, a list of known students who attended Weigel's lectures is given., Der Mathematiker, Astronom, Pädagoge, Philosoph und Erfinder Erhard Weigel (1625-1699) war in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts Professor an der Universität Jena und gilt als zentrale und bemerkenswert schillernde Persönlichkeit der Wissenschaft des 17. Jahrhunderts. Sein Wirken hatte einen maßgeblichen Anteil am Aufstieg der Salana während der Barockzeit und machte Jena im weitgefächerten Bereich der mathematischen Wissenschaften zu einem inspirierenden Ausgangsort wissenschaftlicher Innovation. Der von Weigel als zentralem Impulsgeber ausgehende Wissens- und Methodentransfer vollzog sich über ein ausgedehntes personelles Beziehungsgefüge unter den Gelehrten der damaligen Zeit. Viele Zeugnisse von denen, die bei ihm studierten, lassen ihn als einen glänzenden Lehrer erkennen. Zu Weigels Studenten zählen sehr bedeutende wie Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, der 1663 von Leipzig nach Jena kam, aber auch zahlreiche, die heute relativ unbekannt sind, in ihrer Zeit jedoch eine angesehene Stellung bekleideten. Der hier – im Leibniz-Jahr 2016 – vorgelegte Tagungsband basiert auf den Vorträgen des siebenten Erhard-Weigel-Kolloquiums, welches am 5. und 6. Dezember 2014 gemeinsam mit der Erhard-Weigel-Gesellschaft Jena an der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen veranstaltet wurde und sich sowohl mit der allgemeinen Thematik des akademischen Lehrer-Schüler-Verhältnisses befasst als auch einzelne Weigel-Schüler und ihr Wirken näher untersucht hat.

This volume addresses Jewish, Christian and Muslim future visions on the end of the world, focusing on the respective allies and antagonists for each religious society. Spanning late Antiquity to the early modern period, the collected papers examine distinctive aspects represented by each religion’s approach as well as shared concepts.

The present paper asks how Macrobius thinks his extensive allegories of statues of the gods and other elements of traditional religion are possible. He can be shown to espouse a Neoplatonic theory of images. This entails that truthful images are only possible of the Soul and the lower levels of the world, whereas the two highest hypostases cannot be grasped by language and man-made images. Even so, as the sun is an image of the highest principle, Macrobius’ reduction of all deities to the sun can be understood as a discourse on the highest deity, albeit obliquely. How are images, then, truthful? He defends a common theory of inspiration, according to which the creators of images participate in the Logos when creating them. Philosophy is seen as the primordial discipline, containing the knowledge necessary to create and interpret images. These conclusions allow us to pinpoint more precisely the differences between Middle and Neoplatonism.

Erhard Weigel (1625-1699) was a German mathematician, astronomer, educator, philosopher, and inventor. He was professor of mathematics at Jena University and is considered a key figure in the development of the mathematical sciences of the 17th Century. In particular, he is known to be the teacher of the young Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) and other notable students. These proceedings record papers presented at an international colloquium held at the Göttingen State and University Library in collaboration with the Erhard Weigel Society based in Jena on December 5-6, 2014. The colloquium was concerned with Erhard Weigel and some of his many students as well as discussed his contribution to the history of science as an excellent educator. Moreover, the colloquium dealt with the flow of impact of his methods and ideas into the scientific community, whose members played a significant role in the scientific revolution of the 17th Century. Finally, a list of known students who attended Weigel's lectures is given.

The name DGGTB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie; German Society for the History and Theory of Biology) reflects recent history as well as German tradition. The Society is a relatively late addition to a series of German societies of science and medicine that began with the »Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften«, founded in 1910 by Leipzig University's Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938), who wrote: »We want to establish a ,German' society in order to gather German-speaking historians together in our special disciplines so that they form the core of an international society...«. Yet Sudhoff, at this time of burgeoning academic internationalism, was »quite willing« to accommodate the wishes of a number of founding members and »drop the word German in the title of the Society and have it merge with an international society«. The founding and naming of the Society at that time derived from a specific set of historical circumstances, and the same was true some 80 years later when in 1991, in the wake of German reunification, the »Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie« was founded. From the start, the Society has been committed to bringing studies in the history and philosophy of biology to a wide audience, using for this purpose its Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie. Parallel to the Jahrbuch, the Verhandlungen zur Geschichte und Theorie der Biologie has become the by now traditional medium for the publication of papers delivered at the Society's annual meetings. In 2005 the Jahrbuch was renamed Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology, reflecting the Society's internationalist aspirations in addressing comparative biology as a subject of historical and philosophical studies.