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This article investigates, from the category "ruin", the relationship of the city of Córdoba (Argentina) with the material vestiges of its past, taking as a case of analysis what happened with an old building that functioned as a prison for more than seventy years and was evicted at the beginning of this century, beginning, then, a process of material decay. Its location in a neighborhood that has been experiencing, for decades, a process of urban transformation can highlight uncomfortable contrasts in the city. Based on notes published in the local press and municipal regulations, we review the interventions of different social actors who valued this construction in different ways and, consequently, suggested different destinations for it.

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This article examines the urban memory of French denominational conflicts over the long term, from 1562 to the beginning of the French Revolution, through annual commemorations. It focuses more specifically on Catholic commemorative rituals, known as 'processions of the deliverance of the city', in five cities: Carcassonne, La Rochelle, Marseille, Poitiers and Toulouse. The episodes commemorated date back to the Wars of Religion (1562-1598) and the Rohan Wars (1621-1629), and involve the liberation of a town by the Catholic, consular or royal authorities from the threat of Protestantism and rebellion. These episodes, which varied greatly from one city to another, were immediately characterised as miracles worthy of remembrance by the town councillors or the monarch - in La Rochelle - and were recalled during anniversary processions throughout the modern era. In the 16th century, these commemorations were the bearers of an official and victorious memory, but they came up against the evolution of mentalities. Two centuries after their institution, enlightened thinkers rejected religious intolerance and condemned the violence of Christian fanaticism. The vestiges of a shameful past continued to exist until the beginning of the Revolution. The commemorations of the urban deliverances are thus part of a long and tumultuous history in which the official memory must be studied as an object of permanent construction, between glory and shame.

This article takes a comparative approach, looking to two small cities in the Ottoman East – Mardin and Bitlis – and a group of mansions constructed by a new Armenian bourgeoisie in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Mardin and Bitlis were similar owing to the important position that Armenian merchants held in prosperous local markets that were booming in the period following the Tanzimat reforms. Members of this Armenian bourgeoisie were committed to their locality and showed this by playing an active role in new councils. However, they also displayed their commitment through the stylistic choices and symbolic vocabulary of their homes. This article shows how in both cities a rise in mansion-building took place in the aftermath of social turmoil and argues that this was a way for wealthy Armenians to reaffirm their presence. In Bitlis, this was in the 1880s in the wake of the Russo-Turkish War, amid problematic relations with missionaries and Russian-Armenian incursions. In Mardin, it was in the 1890s to 1900s following the (averted) Hamidian Massacres. At these crucial junctures, local decorative traditions were used as a show of support for authority and to reinforce a social alliance.

Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based mainly on the regulations of the central, provincial and local authorities, as well as on a few memoirs, essays and medical reports, this contribution proposes to address the management of the rinderpest in the cities of the Netherlands and the Principality of Liège in the eighteenth century. The aim is to show how the animal body became both an administrative and a sanitary issue in this crisis context, and to observe the way in which it influenced the organisation and supply of urban space, a territory less often dealt with in studies devoted to this theme. By focusing on the establishment of a sanitary cordon and the strengthening of the food surveillance policy, this study shows the city's capacity to organise itself during an epizootic period to ensure both the preservation of public health and the smooth running of the economy. This study shows the ability of the city to organise itself during an epizootic to ensure both the preservation of public health and the smooth running of the economy. The attention that the disease aroused in society was considerable, as evidenced by the development of veterinary medicine, the writings of several European doctors on the subject, and the creation of a joint venture in certain provinces of the Netherlands.

The anti-Jewish massacres that took place in the Iberian Peninsula during the summer of 1391 led many Jews to take the road into exile in North Africa. Although historians have been interested in these forced mobilities and their consequences for the organisation of Jewish communities in the Maghreb since the beginning of the 20th century, recent contributions from historiography on the limits of approaches in terms of “culture”, and on the need to question the historical uses of notions of “community” and “minority”, invite us to examine the issue again. Thus, the hypothesis on which our article is based stems from two considerations. On the one hand, the Jewish groups of the Crown of Aragon and those of the Maghreb belong, despite their regular contacts and minority positions, to two distinct social worlds, that of the Crown of Aragon and that of the Maghreb. On the other hand, the place of supposed minority groups arises from a process of categorisation involving co-construction between various actors. The aim of this article is to understand how exiled Jews from the Iberian Peninsula negotiated their arrival in a new social world, that of the Maghreb, and how these forced mobilities redrew the contours of Jewish groups according to political, economic and social rather than religious issues. Through a comparative analysis of Arabic legal collections and rabbinical responsa, this study focuses on the way in which these mobilities were accompanied by the creation of new categories to designate the different groups. Two ways of signifying otherness appear. On the one hand, the Jews exiled from the Iberian Peninsula and their descendants were distinguished by the wearing of a particular garment, the “round cape”. This was not a constraint imposed on them by the Islamic power on their arrival, and seems rather to have been the result of a desire to display their otherness in relation to their co-religionists from the Maghreb, who, in practice, did not distinguish themselves from Muslims by their costume. The religious dimension is therefore not the fundamental reason for the difference in dress maintained by the exiled Jews and their descendants, who seemed to invert the stigma by wearing a costume whose cost proclaimed, first and foremost, their social and economic status. On the other hand, the sources designate different groups through the use of categories linked to territory. The construction of these categories makes plain the question of the relationship to sultanic power and the negotiation by the exiled Jews of their position in the Maghrebi social world. Because many of them belonged to the intellectual and commercial elite, they had the resources to negotiate their position with the sultans, who granted them tax privileges and distinguished them from their co-religionists. The second part of the article examines how this process of categorisation following the arrival of exiles from the Iberian Peninsula was translated into urban dynamics. Where the responsa offer the image of a growing structuring of the habitat into denominational neighbourhoods, the fatwas testify to the mixed nature of the habitat. The hypothesis envisaged here is that the fact of grouping together in a neighbourhood reflected the minority experience lived by exiled Jews in their original social world, the Crown of Aragon, where, from the end of the 13th century, the development of Jewish neighbourhoods accompanied the institutionalisation and communitarisation of Jews. Thus, while the dispersed (due to mixed housing) and low-key (due to the absence of distinctive garments) presence of autochthonous Jews was the norm and remained a reality into the 15th century, the arrival of the Jews from the Crown of Aragon was accompanied by the development of Jewish neighbourhoods and the strengthening of community structures aimed at unifying the different groups. In turn, the greater visibility of “hooded” Jews in the public space could explain the renewed interest shown by Mālikite jurists in issues relating to non-Muslims. The development of “Jewish neighbourhoods” then appears as a spatial translation of these categorisation processes, which, beyond the religious, testify to the political and economic issues that preside over urban dynamics.

Through the case study of Euclid, an inner-ring and formerly industrial suburb of Cleveland, Ohio, this paper focuses on patterns of African American suburbanization into spaces of “in-betweenness” of Midwestern suburbia. At first largely understudied at the expense of more traditional and affluent suburban spaces, yet under closer scrutiny since the 2014 Black Lives Matter uprising in Ferguson, Missouri, these suburban spaces became in the last quarter of the 20th century privileged sites for a more fragile yet mobile section of the “New Black Middle Class.” Through archival work and oral history interviews, this article seeks to document their upward-mobile journeys that began in the course of the 1970s from the center of Cleveland, sometimes elsewhere, and into Euclid. It will attempt to demonstrate more precisely the extent to which, before becoming powerful barometers of the state of racial relations in the twenty-first century United States, these suburban spaces carried at first many of the dreams and ambitions of an intermediary segment of the African American population claiming its share of material comfort and security in the post-Civil Rights era.

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In the Middle Ages, the right bank of Paris underwent a spectacular development. From the 13th century onwards, it took on the title of “City:” an economic and financial centre, “La Cité” was attributed to the island which brought together the political and religious authorities, and “l'Université,” on the left bank, was covered with colleges. With regard to the history of urbanisation on the right bank, the question of the relations and interactions between urban development and religious activities comes to the fore. Indeed, the urban development in this area of Paris allows the observation of the evolution of religious infrastructures over the long Middle Ages, from the first Christian buildings to the dawn of the Counter-Reformation, within a constantly changing space. Narrowing the focus to the districts of Saint-Jean and the Monceau Saint-Gervais allows us to make the best use of the archaeological data from major Parisian excavations and to evaluate the significant contribution of archaeology to the knowledge of the different forms of religious planning in the city during the Middle Ages.

Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This contribution deals with the so-called sociotopography of a specific example of the town of Český Brod in the 18th century. Firstly, its methods in relation to historical urban topography are briefly presented. One of the means of researching the history of everyday life and social history is by conducting an analysis of the appurtenances of civic households. This means that this study of the situation in Baroque period Český Brod can also be regarded as a contribution to the general knowledge of the culture and everyday life of royal cities in Bohemia during the Baroque period. The study is based on inheritance inventories, as they are a universal and very well-organized contemporary source related to the topic. The author analysed approximately twenty inheritance inventories from the town of Český Brod. Based on this research, he divided the local civic households into three social groups.

The author of this study focuses on the issue of the church topography of the city of Nitra, which has not been adequately addressed until now, as the research of the earlier history of this important Slovak city was hindered by an absence of relevant sources. The old archive of the city was destroyed by fire before 1679 and also the city and many of its sacral buildings were destroyed during the Ottoman occupation. The author focuses on the localization and patronage of key sacral objects in the privileged Lower Town (St Peter's Chapel, St Andrew's Church, the Monastery of the Virgin Mary, the Church of the Virgin Mary at Calvary and others). His conclusions allow us to correct the topographical map of the city and to draw up a new map of the topography of Nitra before the end of the 16th century, capturing definitively located sacral buildings in the privileged Lower Town.

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The Beirut historiographies that emerged from the devastation of the Lebanese War (1975-1990), have played a central role in the revaluation of an Ottoman heritage long overshadowed by Lebanese historians focused on the spectacular modernization of the city in the 19th century. Pre-modern Beirut (in the 16th-18th centuries) was of only minor interest to urban historians compared to other cities along the Syrian coast. Two historians whose work forms the basis of this article, have nevertheless endeavoured to deconstruct Beirut’s symbolic attachment to nearby Mount Lebanon, the founding site of Lebanese nationalist historiography, restoring the city to the general historical framework of the Arab provinces in the period preceding the Tanzimât. For these historians, Beirut is indeed an Ottoman Arab city, even if the authors differ both in their conceptions of “Arabness” and “Ottomanity”. More likely such differences are a reflection of their respective professional trajectories during and after the war, but also the differential effects of their respective positioning in the academic field..

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There has been a growing debate in recent decades about the range and substance of urban theory. The debate has been marked by many different claims about the nature of cities, including declarations that the urban is an incoherent concept, that urban society is nothing less than modern society as a whole, that the urban scale can no longer be separated from the global scale, and that urban theory hitherto has been deeply vitiated by its almost exclusive concentration on the cities of the global North. This article offers some points of clarification of claims like these. All cities can be understood in terms of a theoretical framework that combines two main processes, namely, the dynamics of agglomeration/polarization, and the unfolding of an associated nexus of locations, land uses and human interactions. This same framework can be used to identify many different varieties of cities, and to distinguish intrinsically urban phenomena from the rest of social reality. The discussion thus identifies the common dimensions of all cities without, on the one hand, exaggerating the scope of urban theory, or on the other hand, asserting that every individual city is an irreducible special case.

This paper looks into the role of craft guilds in the ethnic integration or segregation of labour in the migration fl ows that took place in Latin America during the Colonial period. It analyses the guilds of the capital cities of two viceroyalties, Mexico and Lima, and contrasts them to those in the nearby towns of Puebla de los Ángeles and Cusco. The empirical evidence comprises 1200 mastership charts, which allow us to know which corporate caste regulations came into force. It is also the purpose of this paper to relate the geographical origins of new artisan masters to the broader Latin America’s urbanization process and the ethnic composition of migration fl ows from countryside to the cities and towns.

The rescue of the issue of patrimony in its cultural confinement has been conducted according to patterns of European cities. These pattern sare difficult to apply in other situations; therefore it is important to confront them with the various society transformation processes and its substrate material. The transformation of Guadalajara’s Downtown in the mid-twentieth century represent the virtual elimination of urban heritage of the city, which is a very different example of radical reshaping functional and social space- This is induced by the new regime of accumulation deployed at that time which allows consideration on the meaning of another context, alternatives and opportunities to introduce the heritage dimension in the evolution of the city.

PhD Summary

This article emphasises the different forms taken by the presence of the Ottoman merchants in the cities of the Habsburg Monarchy, at the time of a new commercial take-off following the Treaties of Karlowitz (1699) and Passarowitz (1718). A comparative analysis of the Ottoman urban spaces in Pest, Temesvár, Trieste and Vienna, follows a global assessment. Moving the focus away from the diasporas onto the city, this contribution explores the dynamics that led to the urban integration of foreigners, and doing so it provides an original social insight into the commensurability of the early modern Mediterranean and Central European cities, breaking with the identity agendas of the mainstream history of trading diasporas in the eighteenth-century Habsburg monarchy.

RESUMO Entre a passagem do século XIX para o XX a cidade de São Paulo passou por uma série de transformações materiais e nas formas de seus habitantes se relacionarem com o espaço urbano: a instalação de novos equipamentos urbanos; a intensificação da chegada de imigrantes; mudanças no sistema burocrático e administrativo municipal; a introdução de novos gostos e hábitos de consumo; a construção de inúmeras fábricas e de edificações comuns, dentre outros fatores, permitiram a expansão da cidade para além do seu núcleo inicial, conhecido como Triângulo ou Colina Histórica. Os setores médios participaram desse rol de transformações, notadamente na construção de edificações voltadas principalmente para moradia, aproveitando-se das oportunidades que o mercado rentista oferecia. Muitos desses edifícios foram projetados para cumprir uma função mista, congregando moradia e comércio, tipologia usual na porção leste da cidade, em especial no Brás. O bairro, conhecido por seu parque fabril, apresentou uma série de espaços comerciais que se dedicaram ao ramo de vestuário e estética pessoal, com lojas de roupas, alfaiates e profissionais ligados ao âmbito da joalheria. Neste artigo procuramos entender o papel dos proprietários desses espaços na configuração material do Brás e dos bairros próximos. Para tanto, recorre-se aos Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, espacializando diferentes fontes documentais.

Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Histoire & Mesure is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Histoire & Mesure is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of XVIIe Siècle is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first peripheries were supporting growth of many cities in aggregative process by which immediate spatial solutions to the new socioeconomic needs were given. Currently, these areas have gained central characteristics and need to build their historiography. The story of their past has to rebuild its bases and singularities, in order to deal with contemporary urban requirements. The article focuses on the period of genesis of “South District of Granada”, first extension to the south, as a sign of an urban history that needs to locate key moments or periods. In a process of gradual transformation from agricultural matrix, in a fragmented way and without global growth models, from the beginning this peripheral “foundation” was testing laboratory of urbanism and architecture of the time, and shows the confluence of tradition and production of new residential typological formulations.

The starting point is a teaching experience at the ETSAG (School of Architecture, Granada), which proposed to the students the feeling walking around through the city. The paper, after outlining this experience, continues arguing on the complex nature of urban change and recommends paying more attention to the urban morphology and to the processes of evolution of particular cities, commonly neglected by urban stories that are anchored in general, national, social and economic factors. It describes the processes of commercial and tertiary specialization and the residential emptying of our historic centers, where the meaning of space-time is fading. Arterial streets, specialized for traffic, are an example of this loss. The morphological study is proposed as the basis for an encounter with memory.

In this paper the research on developments that several academic disciplines, especially Geography, have done about the city, since the early twentieth century to the present, is analysed. City is understood as urbs or physical space. This state of the art focuses on the studies conducted by Spanish researchers, which have followed and framed themselves within the predominant paradigms and methods of our scientific and academic environment. That is why the study also refers to epistemological and methodological dynamics of urban studies at the international level, and mainly at the European level.

In this article we focus on a remembered and imagined border: the changed border between Finland and Russia. We take as a case study the formerly Finnish now Russian town of Vyborg and its castle. The centuries-old castle has marked the limits of power in the Karelia region of the Swedish and Russian empires, the Finnish state, the Soviet Union and now Russia. We argue, based on our empirical studies that, for older generations of Finns, the castle can be the “symbol of everything”, whereas for today's Finnish teens the castle is a meaningless image. Thus this article also looks at the boundaries between social generations in their understandings of Finnish history and territory.

Nowadays, the tourist industry offers us travel destinations through certain repeated images to be fixed as iconic. When thinking about Buenos Aires, the obelisk, the Plaza de Mayo and the Palace of Congress are some of these places proposed as city representations. So, at what point did these images emerge? What were the selection criteria? To whom were they meant for? What did they say (and still say) about the city? We start from the hypothesis that there is a "touristic image" of Buenos Aires that accompanied the construction of the nation-state, but also was part of the development of new technologies and the increasing commodification of leisure in a context of the emergence of mass society. In view of the importance of the travel guides in this process, we analyze a series of photographs that, circulating in reading materials under various denominations ("traveler's manual", "traveler's guide", "guidebook”) intended to show the city to potential visitors. There we observe which tales and images were selected and how they were organised, taking into account the need to show a modern and cosmopolitan city.

The paper focuses Italian women’s internment in asylums in contemporary city. In line with a certain historiography that has exceeded the traditional interpretative paradigm of social control and highlighted the role not merely passive of individuals in the face of charitable institutions, it tries to relate the forms of discipline represented by asylum, the behavior and the knowledge of the doctors of that time with some social practices and cultures spread among working classes. It focuses on the particular case of Turin, an industrial city in those years in rapid population growth; through the intersection of quantitative and qualitative sources, it tries to highlight a specific aspect of the dynamics of mental hospitals: their analogy with an authoritarian vision of the relationship between genders, expressed in other aspect of everyday social relations, family, friends, job.

This paper aims to start a reflection on the double and ambiguous identity of the cities. On one side, the “public face” of labour towns, made by work, social organization and public relations. A face that is characterized by productive efficiency and the “politically correct”. On the other side, instead, the “dark face” of the cities represented by the various features of marginality and exclusion, of the borderline relations, sometimes close or beyond the borders of law. Night and day, that coexist and take turns, and marked the city life without a break. The reassuring pulse of the chaos of the working city, opposed to the night time of silence and solitude, of anxiety, revelation, and lust. Night and day that overlap, although they’re the result of the ambiguity of human being. A contradiction that unveils and conceals the soul and that produce ambiguous behaviours, not always accepted by the social rules. The authors try to direct a multitude of multidisciplinary suggestions into a historiographical path, obviously awake that – at the present state-of-art – we are just talking of a first temporary palimpsest.

The case of Asmara was emblematic. In 1934 Asmara had a population of about 3,500 Italians and 12,000 Africans. In 1939 Italians had risen to 48,000 whilst Africans were 36,000. In just five years the total population had increased fivefold, whilst the proportion between Italians and indigenous people had been reversed. This was an unprecedented phenomenon, determined by the economic importance of the city as a logistic base for the war. Asmara became the financial hub of the new Italian empire, where all major Italian companies had opened branches, as well as the seat of hundreds of new business enterprises born after the conquest of Ethiopia. Social life in Asmara was pulsating just like that of any other European town. During the day the heart of the city throbbed with business, both in the street markets and in the new Italian districts, where the offices of trading and industrial companies could be found. At night, social life moved to the ever expanding number of entertainment and leisure facilities. New dancehalls, restaurants and bars were being opened everywhere. The working men’s clubs and numerous sports and recreational societies, supported by local government and by the PNF, organised the colonists’ free time. In Eritrea, near the strategic hubs where companies and the army had located their logistic bases, new urban agglomerates rose from scratch, such as Dek’emhare and Nefasit, with plenty of restaurants and clubs, patronised by military personnel, workers and by the Italian nouveaux riches who, as Indro Montanelli denounced in his book “XX Battaglione Eritrea” (20th Eritrean Battalion) lived a upper-class lifestyle, which went against the Fascist imperial ethos, thus betraying the ideal purpose of the African wars.