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Introduction: After 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed Dolutegravir (DTG) as an alternative first-line treatment for adults. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk capable of demonstrating the beneficial effect of Dolutegravir (DTG) compared to other antiretrovirals in predicting atherosclerosis in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and hospitalized in Kinshasa Hospital. Methods: we conducted an interventional study of people living with HIV who had received antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 6 months and were treated in the structures of the network coordinated by the Catholic Church (BDOM-Bureau Diocésain des Oeuvres Médicales) and of the University Clinics of Kinshasa (CUK) between January 2017 and December 2021. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined as Pulsed Pressure (PP) ≥60 mm Hg; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) > 0.8 mm; and Systolic Pressure Index (SPI) < 0.9. Logistic regression was used in the statistical analysis of associations. Results: a total of 334 PLHIV were recruited, of whom 96.1% (n=321) were on ART and 13.9% (n=13) were ART naïve patients. The mean age of PLHIV was 51±12 years with a female predominance (70.4%; n=235); the independent determinants of subclinical atherosclerosis were marital status (aOR: 4. 95% CI 1.5-10.5; p<0.006), low socioeconomic level (aOR: 10.7, 95% CI 2.3-48.7 p<0.002), duration of HIV infection (aOR: 6.6, 95% CI 2.8-16; p<0.0001), duration of antiretroviral therapy ≥9 years (aOR: 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; p<0.005) and total cholesterol ratio/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (CT/HDLc)(aOR: 2, 95% CI 1.1-3.6; p= 0.034). The mean values of traditional and emergent variables were significantly higher in the previous ART regimen without DTG than in the new regimen with DTG. However, dyslipidemia was detected during the new DTG-based regimen. Conclusion: dyslipidemia was common during the DTG-based regimen. Marital status, low socioeconomic level, duration of HIV infection, duration of antiretroviral treatment beyond 9 years and the TC/HDL-c ratio were identified as determinants of subclinical atherosclerosis in PLHIV on ART hospitalized in the Kinshasa hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is evolving into a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where the burden of HIV remains high. Atherosclerosis underlie progression to CVD. We therefore examined the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis and its association with traditional and non-traditional risk factors for CVD in Nigerian HIV-infected adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving randomly selected stable HIV-infected patients with undetectable viral load attending HIV clinics at the Jos University Teaching Hospital and Faith Alive Foundation in Jos, Nigeria. Demographic data, Biophysical measurements, cardiovascular risk factors and information regarding HIV-related factors, fasting serum lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and Carotid-Intima-Media-Thickness (CIMT) were assessed. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined using a cut-off value of mean CIMT greater than 0.78 mm. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences® (SPSS) software version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the association between risk factors of CVD and subclinical atherosclerosis. The statistical significance level was set at p = 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 148 HIV adults (70.9% being females) on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) were included in this study. The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis was 7.4%. Among subjects with SCA, 63.6% were males and 81.8% were hypertensive. Elevated blood glucose, lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, body mass index (BMI), HIV-related parameters (duration of HIV infection, antiretroviral regimen, CD4 + cell count), current smoking status, alcohol use, were not significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (p=0.05). Male gender [OR(95%CI=4.91(1.36-17.77)], age [OR(95%CI)=1.14(1.06-1.23)], Hypertension [OR(95%CI=14.4(3.03-71.86)] and Metabolic syndrome [OR(95%CI=8.34(1.73-40.18)] were significantly associated with SCA at bivariate analysis. After adjusting for age, sex and antiretroviral regimen, only increasing age [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) (95% confidence Interval (CI)] = 1.12(1.01-1.25)] and hypertension [AOR (95%C1)=10.67 (1.31-87.18)], remained as independent predictors of SCA. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis among HIV-infected adults is high in Nigeria. It is significantly associated with increasing age and hypertension. Traditional CVD risk factors such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity were not associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in this population.

INTRODUCTION: the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HbA1c and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) which is noninvasive marker of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: 81 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in this study. Demographic, clinical and laboratory features of the patients were obtained from hospital records. cIMT values were measured by high resolution B-mode ultrasound. Patients were divided into two groups according to cIMT values: cIMT 0,9 mm group and cIMT e" 0,9 mm group. Increased cIMT values were accepted as e" 0,9 mm. Then we compared HbA1c and other collected features between normal and increased cIMT groups.

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