158 results on '"strain"'
Search Results
2. Strain mapping of a Ʃ5(310) grain boundary in Cu bi-crystal using scanning transmission electron microscopy
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Akbari Anoosheh, Ding Hui, Rösner Harald, Neelamegan Esakkiraja, Liebscher Christian. H., Divinski Sergiy, and Wilde Gerhard
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grain boundary ,strain ,gpa ,nbdp ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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3. Distortions correction in HR-(S)TEM and low resolution TEM images: Absolute size, strain and polarization measurements
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Cherkashin Nikolay and Schamm-Chardon Sylvie
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hr-(s)tem ,distortions ,strain ,polarization ,abstrain ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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4. Raman-Imaging of the Strain-Distribution in Semiconductors
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Ries Maximilian, Heisinger Fabian, and Limame Imad
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raman ,spectroscopy ,semiconductor ,strain ,afm ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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5. Strain analysis comparison in complementary and nanosheet field-effect transistor devices: Nanobeam vs Bessel electron diffraction
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Favia Paola, Veloso Anabela, Eneman Geert, Mehta Ankit Nalin, Zhou Xiuju, Richard Olivier, Geypen Jef, and Grieten Eva
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strain ,cfet ,nanosheet-fet ,nbd ,bessel ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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6. Imaging MEMS motion at nano scale by time-resolved scanning electron microscopy
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Zaghloul Mohamed, Mehr Abbas Kosari, Bertacco Riccardo, Cuccurullo Simone, Maspero Federico, Pavese Giulia, Chen Hao, Ghisi Aldo, Corigliano Alberto, Pietralunga Silvia M., and Tagliaferri Alberto
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mems ,sem ,dynamics ,nanoscale ,strain ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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7. Strain mapping and simulation of transistor structures in a 22nm FDSOI technology
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Utess Dirk, Kleimaier Dominik Martin, Billan Etienne, Youssuf Tashfain, Zhao Zhixing, Nemec Thorgund, Meyer Moritz Andreas, and Rinderknecht Jochen
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strain ,fdsoi ,transistor ,simulation ,ped ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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8. Domain structures in ferroelectric epitaxial WO3 thin films
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Van Der Veer Ewout, Feringa Stijn, Eckstein Jack, Kooi Bart, and Noheda Beatriz
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ferroelectrics ,strain ,stem ,pfm ,epitaxy ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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9. Unraveling the composition of monolayer-thick InGaN/GaN quantum wells: A quantitative analysis via probe-corrected HRSTEM
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Vasileiadis Isaak G., Lymperakis Liverios, Adikimenakis Adam, Gkotinakos Athanasios, Devulapalli Vivek, Liebscher Christian H., Androulidaki Maria, Hübner Rene, Georgakilas Alexandros, Karakostas Theodoros, Komninou Philomela, Dimakis Emmanouil, and Dimitrakopulos George P.
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iii-nitrides ,monolayers ,strain ,z-contrast quantification ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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10. Understanding strain and composition effects in fuel cell catalysts using advanced electron microscopy and DFT
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Zanre Alessandro, Varambhia Aaakash, Ozkaya Dogan, Luo Xiaonan, Lozano-Perez Sergio, Nicholls Rebecca J., and Nellist Peter D.
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haadf-stem ,dft ,catalysis ,strain ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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11. Strain mapping using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction technique: The influence of sample preparation
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Nowakowski Pawel, Ray Mary, and Fischione Paul
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hr-ebsd ,gnd ,strain ,bib ,fib ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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12. NBED investigations of coaxial (Al,In,Ga)As nanowires
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Friemel Alina, Niermann Tore, Niermann Laura, Schmiedeke Paul, Koblmüller Gregor, and Lehmann Michael
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4d-stem ,nbed ,strain ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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13. Mapping Orthorhombic Domains with Geometrical Phase Analysis
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Mundet Bernat, Hadjimichael Marios, Fowlie Jennifer, Korosec Lukas, Varbaro Lucia, Domínguez Claribel, Triscone Jean-Marc, and Alexander Duncan
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stem ,gpa ,perovskites ,strain ,mapping ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Published
- 2024
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14. Enhancing Spinach growth and yield through the synergistic effects of Rhizobacter-Enriched compost
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Ray Bhavana, Chauhan Richa, Sharma Harshita, Lepcha Anamika, and Pandey Sangeeta
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pgpr (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) ,rhizospheric soil ,chlorophyll ,strain ,compost ,biochar ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and compost present promising solutions for bolstering agricultural sustainability by stimulating plant growth and yield while lessening dependence on chemical inputs. Our investigation delved into the combined effects of PGPR and compost on spinach cultivation, conducted at Amity University’s Organic Farm. Employing a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments and three replications, we evaluated how these treatments influenced spinach growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment levels. Results showed that treatment T5 (AIOA Strain + Compost) outperformed others, significantly boosting plant height, leaf breadth, root length, and leaf count per plant. Furthermore, T5 exhibited elevated chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, indicating enhanced photosynthetic function and overall plant vigor. These outcomes underscore the potential synergy between PGPR and compost in fostering sustainable crop production. By diminishing reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides while enhancing soil health and nutrient cycling, integrating PGPR and compost-based biofertilizers offers an economical and environmentally friendly avenue for augmenting agricultural productivity and mitigating environmental hazards. Further exploration into optimization techniques and underlying mechanisms is crucial to fully harness the potential of these microbial and organic interventions across varied agroecological settings. Overall, this study contributes to advancing our knowledge of employing microbial and organic methods in sustainable agriculture, crucial for addressing global challenges in food security and environmental conservation.
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- 2024
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15. Lysozyme, anti-lysozyme, hemolytic and adhesive activity in serration cultures isolated from dairy products
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Gairabekov R.Kh., Molochaevа L.G., and Mirzoeva N.M.
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bacteria ,culture ,strain ,lysozyme ,anti-lysozyme ,hemolysin ,adhesive ,pathogenicity ,dairy product ,enterobacteria ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education “Chechen state University. Isolation of pathogenic or opportunistic bacteria from surrounding environment, food products, animals and humans requires establishing their potential pathogenic potential. In this work, the authors have studied 109 cultures of bacteria belonging to the species Serratia marcescens of which: 61 museum cultures, 29 cultures isolated from small ruminants and environmental objects, 19 cultures isolated from dairy products produced on private farmsteads in the Chechen Republic for the presence of lysozyme, antilysozyme, hemolytic and adhesive activity in them.
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- 2024
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16. Distributed fiber optics strain sensors: from long to short distance
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Blanc, Wilfried, Schenato, Luca, Molardi, Carlo, Palmieri, Luca, Galtarossa, Andrea, and Tosi, Daniele
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Optical fiber ,Strain ,Distributed sensor ,Light scattering ,Nanoparticles ,Bragg grating ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Developed for more than forty years, optical fibers have features that make them particularly attractive for making sensors. One of the strengths of these sensors is that they can measure different physical parameters in a distributed manner over a wide range of lengths (from a few cm up to tens of kilometers) with a spatial resolution ranging from millimeters to meters. In this article, we are particularly interested in distributed fiber sensors, mainly based on light scattering processes, for measuring strain variations. This review concerns both applications requiring long lengths of fiber in a geological context, as well as those using length less than one meter for the medical sector. While distributed fiber optics sensors have already shown their great potential for long-range applications, short-range applications are a niche sector emerging in the last few years.
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- 2022
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17. 'A Review on: The ratio between applied stresses and resultant strain behavior of textile materials (yarn and woven fabric).'
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Ahmed Ramadan El Tantawy
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stress ,strain ,yield points ,initial modules ,time dependence ,Fine Arts ,Architecture ,NA1-9428 - Abstract
Woven fabric structures have, on account of the manufacturing process, a characteristic waviness of the fabric threads are not uniform, weft and warp threads are curved depending on the weave type, weaving process, coating process and the tension rate. If tension forces are applied to such a fabric, then displacements of the fabric structure take place as a result of the alteration of the thread curvature, which are described as constructional strain. This phoneme is fitted better by a viscoelastic material. These property one of results of ranking of textile subject for end use. The relationship between applied stress and resultant strain contains a time-dependent element parameter. In stress-strain behavior of textile material we can get various, parameters like initial modules, yield stress, yield strain, region beyond the yield point, tests relevant to this phoneme, all pervious behaviors of textile material discussed in this paper. The main objectifies of this brief to clearly understand the fundamentals of deformation of textile martials under representation of stress to clarify the terminology the fabric structure and strain variation during deformation. We cannot confirm or deny the existence of a uniform stress behavior for one type of textile material, but this data is assumed to be categorized for each experiment separately. , understanding fabric stress-strain behavior and help lead to a more technological approach for the constructing fabrics to give specifications and clothing production. Exploration and examination in textile stress behavior require more and more experiment’s trails and proof. Additionally, it should intromission computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) techniques and simulation to predict the textile material forces due to its complex geometry.
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- 2020
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18. Evaluarea complexă ecocardiografică a pacienților cu tahiaritmiile ventriculare dezvoltate tardiv post-infarct.
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Tatiana Cuzor, Nicolae Ciobanu, Veronica Ţurcanu, and Lilia David
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moarte subită ,străin ,aritmia ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Aprecierea funcției sistolice a VS are un rol central în evaluarea pacienților cu complicații aritmogene maligne în perioada post-infarctică tardivă. Pentru pacienții cu FE afectată, GLS și FE VS au o relație liniară. Analiza statistică a demonstrat o valoare mai importantă a metodei STE (cu GLS ≤ - 9%) în explorarea pacienților cu complicații aritmogene în perioada post-infarctică tardivă, cu sensibilitatea 84% și specificitatea 65,7%. Analiza statistică a sensibilității FEVS a demonstrat că FE ≤38% a fost cea mai sensibilă pentru dezvoltare tahicardii ventriculare după IM, cu o probabilitate de 88%. Rezultatele au demonstrat că la pacienții cu tulburări de ritm ventriculare, cu FE
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- 2020
19. Breeding of entomopathogenic fungi in different substrates
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Ablazova Mokhichekhra, Zuparov Mirakbar, and Zuparova Dilobar
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entomopathogen ,fungus ,substrate ,insect ,strain ,pest ,aphid ,spore ,p. varioti ,b. bassiana ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The issue of entomopathogenic fungi’s prodigious rate of reproduction plagues both academic research and clinical practice. Several production technologies and preparations based on them are currently available. These medications appear to be liquid, powdery, dry, and grainy. The selection of nutritional medium and substrates, as well as the identification of ideal breeding conditions, are crucial steps in the manufacturing of pesticide formulations. Making preparations based on fungus is successful when solid nutritional substrates are used. Because in solid nutritional medium, fungus develop more spores. This article presents the results of experiments on the selection of nutrient substrates EMV-71 for the cultivation of strains of P. varioti EMR-57 and B. bassiana, which have been found to be virulent against spider mites and aphids, for use against sucking pests of vegetable crops in greenhouses. Barley grain has been found to be the most effective food substrate for the cultivation of entomopathogenic fungal strains and obtaining large numbers of spores from them.
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- 2023
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20. Fungi in the main vegetable crop seeds and their fungal biological characteristics
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Zuparova Dilobar, Ablazova Mokhichekhra, and Zuparov Mirakbar
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seed ,fungus ,phytotoxic ,strain ,tomato ,bell pepper ,onion ,cabbage ,metabolite ,toxin ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Physiology ,QP1-981 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Fungal contamination in vegetable crop seeds poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity and food security. This manuscript investigates the presence of fungi in the main vegetable crop seeds and explores their fungal biological characteristics. The study employed a comprehensive approach involving sample collection, fungal isolation, morphological identification, and molecular characterization. The research collected a diverse range of vegetable crop seeds from different locations of Uzbekistan and examined them for the presence of fungal pathogens. Aseptic techniques were utilized to isolate and culture fungi from the seed samples. Morphological characteristics, including colony appearance, spore production, and hyphal structure, were evaluated to identify the fungal species. In cases where morphological identification was challenging, molecular techniques were employed for accurate species determination. The research of 36 species of fungal phytotoxic qualities was done using seeds that were collected and preserved during the growing of vegetable crops in farms in the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan. The findings are presented in this paper. Based on the impact on vegetable crop root and stem growth and seed germination, phytotoxic characteristics were identified. Phytotoxic fungi were defined as those that lowered these markers by 30% when compared to the control.
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- 2023
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21. Study of the stress-strain state of a flexible tubular element of the working body of a tillage machine
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Pirogov Sergey, Cherentsov Dmitry, Ustinov Nikolai, and Smolin Nikolai
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working body of a tillage machine ,flexible tubular element ,manometric tubular spring ,vibration ,stress ,strain ,ansys ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The designs of the working bodies of tillage and sowing machines are subject to requirements to ensure optimal agrotechnical requirements and minimize energy costs. This can be achieved by creating machines with controlled working bodies that are able to accurately comply with agrotechnical requirements and respond in a timely manner to changing external conditions. Known are designs of the working bodies of tillage machines, in which a flexible tubular element (manometric tubular spring) is used as a stand. When applying variable pressure to the cavity of the tubular element, its end performs a reciprocating motion, which improves the quality of tillage. The paper presents the results of a study of the stress-strain state of the tubular element of the coulter using the ANSYS software package. The authors built a grid model of a tubular element, determined the horizontal component of the force of the soil impact on the coulter, at which stability loss is observed, and studied the influence of the geometric characteristics of the tubular element—the shape of the section, the opening angle, and the bending radius—on the critical force value. Tubular elements with a section variable in length were also investigated and their effectiveness was shown.
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- 2023
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22. Insights into the strain history of Neoproterozoic limestones in the Paraguay Belt using stylolites
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Kauê Seoane and Fábio Henrique Garcia Domingos
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stylolites ,Neoproterozoic ,strain ,Paraguay Belt ,limestone ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Abstract Tectonic stylolites are indicators of compressive deformation episodes in rocks and are commonly studied in terms of their geometrical attributes’ length (L), and maximum (D max ) and average (D avg ) amplitudes. These parameters were analyzed for vertical stylolites from a sinistral strike-slip fault zone in limestones from the Guia Formation, Paraguay Belt, and compared mathematically to scarce vertical stylolites away from the fault zone. The study aimed to understand the role of strain-induced stylolites on the thinning of faulted limestone layers. Stylolites range from 2.66 up to 28.15 mm in length and from 0.143 up to 1.378 mm in amplitude. The total contractional strain (ϵ) was calculated for 49 stylolites with maximum amplitude peaks of 0.762 mm, using the Kostrov formula. The strain produced layer thinning and growth of the stylolite population. Regions of high stylolite concentration accommodated 16.92% contractional strain, whereas strain values of 3.29% are present in portions with low stylolite density. Layer thinning is directly proportional to contractional strain (ϵ) values spatially induced by faulting. The stylolite morphology plays an essential role in the permeability structure at the reservoir scale, where it can act as a barrier or a channel for fluid flux.
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- 2021
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23. Apports des essais mécaniques : Évaluation de la vulnérabilité et des risques de dégradation des peintures.
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Alain Roche
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testing ,mechanics ,strain ,breaking point ,creep ,stress-relaxation ,Fine Arts ,Arts in general ,NX1-820 - Abstract
The conservation of paintings on canvas is closely associated with the understanding of their physico-mechanical properties. Using mechanical testing is essential when developing tools to assess the level of vulnerability and risks of mechanical degradation in paintings. This paper addresses a series of studies highlighting the need of a systemic approach to decision-making for structural treatments.
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- 2021
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24. Contribution Of Mechanical Tests: Assessing Vulnerability And Risks Of Degradation In Paintings
- Author
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Alain Roche
- Subjects
testing ,mechanics ,strain ,breaking point ,creep ,stress-relaxation ,Fine Arts ,Arts in general ,NX1-820 - Abstract
The conservation of paintings on canvas is closely associated with the understanding of their physico-mechanical properties. Using mechanical testing is essential when developing tools to assess the level of vulnerability and risks of mechanical degradation in paintings. This paper addresses a series of studies highlighting the need of a systemic approach to decision-making for structural treatments.
- Published
- 2021
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25. Left ventricular myocardial function in hemodialysis patients: the effects of preload decrease in conventional, Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography parameters
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Salma Charfeddine, Leila Abid, Rania Hammami, Amine Bahloul, Faten Triki, and Samir Kammoun
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hemodialysis ,left ventricular function ,echocardiography ,strain ,speckle tracking imaging ,Medicine - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to investigate the value of conventional echocardiography, pulsed Doppler and speckle tracking imaging (STI) analysis in the assessment of the left ventricular (LV) myocardial function in hemodialysis (HD) patients with preserved LV ejection fraction and to evaluate the effect of a single HD session on the LV systolic and diastolic functions. METHODS: the study population consisted of 30 chronic HD patients. Echocardiography and Doppler studies were performed before and after HD. The LV global longitudinal, circumferential and radial strains were measured with two and three-dimensional STI. RESULTS: after HD, LV dimensions, left atrium (LA) area, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and inferior vena cava diameter decreased significantly. The peak mitral E velocity, the E/A ratio of the mitral inflow and the lateral E/E´ ratio decreased also significantly. The LV and LA volumes index and LV mass index (LVMi) decreased remarkably after HD. The 3D- LV and LA ejection fractions were unchanged after HD. Although, 3D-estimated LVEF seemed to be preserved in the HD patients, the 2D and 3D- strain rates were decreased in all directions. The global strain values improved in all directions after a single HD session. Inverse correlations were found between the LVMi, serum BNP and LV global longitudinal strain. CONCLUSION: in HD patients with preserved LV ejection fraction, the STI analysis may add important information concerning the subclinical LV dysfunction.
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- 2021
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26. Writing papers with an emphasis on structural geology and tectonics: advices and warnings
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Haakon Fossen
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Scientific writing ,Deformation phases ,Progressive deformation ,Stress ,Strain ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Abstract The objective of this short paper was to provide some advice on how to write a geoscience paper of international standard and to warn against some common pitfalls. It is focused on how to structure a paper and stresses the importance of building its contents around a well-defined problem. Furthermore, the importance of moving away from outdated and counterproductive ways of describing and interpreting deformation is emphasized. In particular, describing structures and tectonic evolution in a poorly founded scheme of multiple deformation phases and making stress interpretations from structurally complex and heterogeneous rocks where rotations and stress perturbations are difficult or impossible to account for are strongly discouraged. Instead, I encourage the use of modern structural geology and tectonics ideas that, among other things, allow for composite and overprinting structures to form progressively and diachronously with a wide variation in style and orientation during a single deformation history. Also, more emphasis should be put on strain and kinematics, toning down the use of stress. After all, stress is only observed through strain and kinematics; going from one to the other is not straightforward in general, and particularly difficult in ductilely deformed rocks.
- Published
- 2020
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27. On the development of kink-bands: A case study in the Westasturian-Leonese Zone (Variscan belt, NW Spain)
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Aller Jesús, Bastida Fernando, and Bobillo-Ares Nilo C.
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kink bands ,chevron folds ,kinematical modeling ,strain ,cleavage ,variscan belt ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
A field analysis of kink bands developed in slates from three areas (Grandas, Boal and Luarca areas) of the Westasturian-Leonese Zone (Iberian Variscan belt) is presented. The analysis of the main parameters that characterize the geometry of the studied kink bands shows that those of the Grandas and Luarca areas exhibit a different evolution than those of the Boal area. In this latter area, the interlimb angle of the kink bands has lower values than those developed in the former areas and it involves rotation of the foliation inside and outside the band. In the areas with higher bulk shortening associated with the development of kink bands, chevron folds formed by juxtaposition of kink bands. Slip between folia and their rotation was probably the dominant mechanism in the formation of the kink bands, as deduced from the different values of the angle between the kink plane and the foliation inside (φK) and outside (φ) the band, and the occurrence of fractures along the kink planes and small steps between folia cross-cutting these fractures planes. The fractures along the kink planes prevented subsequent hinge migration. Geometrical analysis of kink bands formed by slip between folia and their rotation provides an estimation of the changes in area and thickness, and the strain inside the kink band. For angles of folia rotation ψ
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- 2020
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28. Kidney disease in hypertensive patients: a predictor of subclinical hypertensive heart disease
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Bendiab, Nabila Soufi-Taleb, Nawel Brixi Nigassa, Izeddine Bencheboub, and Ghalmi, Abdallah
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STRAIN ,HYPERTENSION ,LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION ,RENAL FAILURE - Abstract
Although the combination of arterial hypertension (HTA) and renal insufficiency (RI) increases the risk of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, the impact of renal insufficiency on LV geometry and subclinical dysfunction in hypertensive patients with normal ejection fraction (EF) has rarely been evaluated. Methods:Hypertensive patients with or without renal failure underwent cardiac echocardiography coupled with an evaluation of the global longitudinal deformity (GLS) of the LV. Results:Among the 200 patients with hypertension (mean age 61.7 ± 8.5 years) and EF > 55%, 100 had associated renal impairment. Patients with IR had more diabetes (60.5%vs. 36%, p=0.002), higher BP levels (160±19/81±13 vs. 139±14/74±11, p = 0.000), higher VG mass index (116.05±31.1vs. 110.6±24.8g/m2, p=0.007) and higher relative wall thickness (0.46±0.08 vs. 0.44±0.07 p=0.0001). They more frequently had concentric remodelling (28(28%) vs. 19(19%), p=0.008), concentric hypertrophy (46(46%) vs. 38(38%), p Conclusions:Left ventricular geometry and subclinical LV function assessed with GLS are more impaired in hypertensive patients with IR. Preventive approaches to control the risk of onset of renal failure in hypertensive patients should be emphasized.
- Published
- 2022
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29. The finite element method in the analysis of the stress and strain distribution in polyethylene elements of hip and knee joints endoprostheses
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Nabrdalik Marcin and Sobociński Michał
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FEM ,endoprosthesis ,stress ,strain ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The paper presents the numerical analysis of stress and strain occurring in the most wearable parts of hip and knee joints endoprostheses. The complexity of the processes taking place in both, natural and artificial joints, makes it necessary to conduct the analysis on the 3D model based on already existing mathematical models. Most of the mechanical failures in alloplasty are caused by material fatigue. To cut down the risk of it, we can either increase the fatigue resistance of the material or decrease the load strain. It is extremelly important to indicate the areas where damage or premature wear may occur. The Finite Elements Method makes it possible to calculate the stress and strain in particular elements of the tested models. All presented numerical calculations define quality conclusions concerning the influence of some parameters of endoprostheses on the values of stress and strain that are formed in polyethylene parts of endoprotheses of hip and knee joints. The obtained results help to reveal “weak points” in examined models and thus, counteract the subsequent effects resulting from premature wear of endoprosthesis elements. The numerical analysis was performed basing on the finite elements method using Autodesk Simulation Mechanical 2017 software and the ADINA 7.5.1.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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30. Analysis of deformation and microstructure evolution during the cogging process of Waspaloy alloy
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Kukuryk Marcin, Winczek Jerzy, and Gucwa Marek
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cogging ,Waspaloy alloy ,strain ,microstructure ,FEM ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The hot deformation behavior of Waspaloy alloy has been investigated by two-pass hot cogging process. The paper presents theoretical end experimental analysis of deformations and microstructural evolutions. The results of a thermo-mechanical simulation for the spatial hot cogging process on the shaped anvils with the application of the three–dimensional finite element method, are presented. The numerical calculation gave an assessment of the effective strain, mean stress and temperature distributions in the work-piece. Models for predicting the evolution of microstructure were developed for dynamic recrystallization and grain growth phenomena. The influence of shape of the anvils on the grain size after dynamic recrystallization was analyzed. The numerical analysis was performed using a commercial program "DEFORM 3D" with thermo-mechanical and microstructural evolution coupled. The results are compared with the experimental data, a good agreement between the predicted and experimental results was obtained.
- Published
- 2019
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31. Échocardiographie à la dobutamine ou étude de la déformation longitudinale au repos pour démasquer une cardiomyopathie diabétique débutante symptomatique ?
- Author
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Aboukhoudir, F., Aboukhoudir, I., and Rekik, S.
- Abstract
Résumé Le diabète est associé à des changements dans la structure et la fonction du myocarde se manifestant durant les stades précoces de la pathologie par une discrète dysfonction systo-diastolique. L’étude de la déformation longitudinale est considérée comme supérieure à l’échocardiographie de stress à la dobutamine pour la détection précoce de la cardiomyopathie diabétique. Nous rapportons le cas d’une patiente diabétique âgée se présentant pour un œdème aigu du poumon chez qui l’ensemble des paramètres échocardiographiques de repos incluant le strain étaient normaux, mais l’écho à la dobutamine a induit une profonde altération systolique (avec coronaires normales) démasquant une cardiomyopathie diabétique débutante. Diabetes mellitus has been associated with changes in the structure and function of the myocardium manifesting in the early stages of the disease as subtle systolic and diastolic dysfunction; myocardial strain imaging has recently been favored over dobutamine stress echocardiography for early detection of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We report a case of an elderly diabetic patient presenting with pulmonary edema in whom at rest echocardiographic parameters including strain rate were all within normal range, while dobutamine stress echocardiography induced a deep systolic deterioration unmasking an early-stage diabetic cardiomyopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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32. ESSAI BIOTECIIINOLOGIQl E DE PRODUCTION D'ACIDE GLUTAMIQUE PAR UNE SOUCHE DE Bacillus subtilis CULTIVEES SUR MOUT DE REBUTS DE DATTES (VARIETE DEGLET NOUR).
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Djafri, K., Doumandji, A., Berguoia, M., Khemissat, E., and Acourene, S.
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GLUTAMIC acid content of bacteria , *BACILLUS subtilis , *FERMENTATION , *AMMONIUM sulfate , *DATES (Fruit) - Abstract
The objective of this study is the production of glutamic acid by use of a strain of Bacillus subtilis B9 autochthon isolated from samples of sea water and using scrap dates variety deglet nour as fermentation medium. And different culture conditions, the initial pH, the amount of inoculum, the sugar content, the content of glutamic acid, the source and the content of nitrogen were optimized. Combination the results obtained show that the optimum amount of glutamic acid was obtained in an amount of 1 % inoculum was 38,84 g/L. Moreover, a maximum quantity of glutamic acid was 38,84 g/L was obtained with an initial pH of 7. Furthermore, an optimal amount of glutamic acid is 38.84 g/L was obtained by adding to the fermentation medium with a sugar content of 30 g/L. In addition, a maximum production of glutamic acid is 55,28g/L was obtained by adding to the fermentation medium 5 g/L of glutamic acid. On the other hand, a maximum production of glutamic acid is 65,76g/L was obtained by adding to the fermentation medium 10 g /L ammonium sulfate. Finally, the optimum conditions for maximum production of glutamic acid are: amount of inoculum of 1.0%, an initial pH of 7, a sugar content of 30 g/L, a glutamic acid content of 5 g/L, the use of ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source in an amount of 10 g/L. An amount and a maximum yield of glutamic acid to be 65.76 g/L and 2.393 g/g of sugar, respectively were obtained with these optimal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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33. Echocardiographic analysis of the left ventricular function in young athletes: a focus on speckle tracking imaging
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Salma Charfeddine, Souad Mallek, Faten Triki, Rania Hammami, Dorra Abid, Leila Abid, and Samir Kammoun
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athletes´ heart ,speckle tracking echocardiography ,strain ,Medicine - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: the objectives were to assess the left ventricular (LV) structure and function in regularly trained young athletes, using 2 D conventional echocardiographic (echo) methods and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). An observational cross-sectional study. METHODS: thirty-three footballers and 20 healthy untrained subjects were included in the study. The systolic and diastolic LV functions were evaluated by 2D conventional echo parameters, Doppler method and STE. RESULTS: all the found values were within the normal range. The LV End Diastolic Diameter (LVED 37.24,2.08 mm/m2) and the LV Mass index (LVMi 97.93,15.58 g/m2) were significantly higher in young athletes as compared with controls. There was no difference regarding the LV systolic function assessed by conventional echo parameters in the 2 study groups. Regarding the diastolic function, the transmitral inflow velocities ratio was significantly higher in athletes (E/A = 2.10,0.49 versus 1.64,0.26, p= 0.001) but there was no difference in the filling pressure in the 2 groups. The STE demonstrated a different pattern of LV deformation in the different groups. A significant lower LV global longitudinal strain (GLS -20.68,2.05 versus -22.99,2.32 %, p=0.001) and higher radial and circumferential strains have been found in the young athletes as compared with controls. A significant relationship between the GLS values and LVED (r= 0.299, p = 0.03) and LVMi was also reported in athletes. CONCLUSION: while conventional morphological and functional echocardiographic parameters failed to distinguish the adaptations in the athlete's heart, deformation parameters showed a different pattern of LV mechanics in young footballers versus controls.
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- 2016
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34. The impact of supplementary short rest breaks on task performance – A meta-analysis
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Johannes Wendsche, Andrea Lohmann-Haislah, and Jürgen Wegge
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meta-analysis ,performance ,recovery ,rest breaks ,strain ,Social Sciences ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
Arbeitspausen sind wichtig, um eine Akkumulation kurzfristiger, negativer Beanspruchungsfolgen über den Arbeitstag vorzubeugen. In dieser Studie untersuchten wir, ob der Zeitverlust durch zusätzliche Kurzpausen vollständig leistungswirksam kompensiert wird. Wir führten eine Metaanalyse durch (k = 11, N = 705) und fanden signifikant positive Effekte zusätzlicher Kurzpausen auf die Arbeitsqualität (g = 0.23) und Arbeitsmenge (g = 0.12). Die mittlere Arbeitszeitverkürzung betrug 9.3 %. Wir fanden keine weiteren Einflüsse zahlreicher potenzieller Moderatorvariablen auf diesen Effekt. Die beobachteten Leistungssteigerungen erfolgten nicht auf Kosten höherer negativer psychischer und physischer Beanspruchungsfolgen. Unsere Studie belegt, dass sich die Leistung und das Wohlbefinden von Mitarbeitern durch mehr zusätzliche geplante Kurzpausen während der Arbeitszeit verbessern lassen. Zukünftige Untersuchungen sollten die entsprechenden Randbedingungen und Mechanismen genauer untersuchen.
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- 2016
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35. Contrôle et efficacité de l'adhérence : Application au contact rail-roue
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Guidoum, Samy and STAR, ABES
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Tribology ,Troisième corps ,Adhesive ,Contact roue-Rail ,Glissement ,Hygrométrie ,[SPI.MECA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph] ,Hygrometry ,Tribologie ,Strain ,Slip ,Adhérence ,Contact mechanics ,Mécanique des contacts ,Frottement ,Wheel-Rail contact ,Third body - Abstract
Every autumn, incidents related to the degradation of the adhesion of a wheel-rail contact are reported by train drivers. This is caused especially by the presence of dead leaves on the surface of a rail. They cause security problems and numerous delays occuring mainly at the beginning and end of a day. At these times, the air temperature reaches the dew point temperature, creating moisture on the rail surface. Oxides reacting with the dead leaves on the rails generate physical and chemical changes in this third body. When a train is passing over this organic layer, mechanical stresses are generated decreasing the adhesion of the contact. The objective of this study is to present a tribological approach aimed at characterising the adhesion of a wheel-rail contact with a third external organic body. To do this, two axes of study are followed.The first one consists in a capitalisation of the results and limits of the most relevant research works carried out on this subject. This is used to create a collection of tribological, mechanical and physico-chemical data. It is completed by morphological analyses of real third bodies taken from tracks following an adhesion loss.The second axis of study consists of carrying out a parametric test campaign on the Triboring test bench, which is a ring-roller type tribometer representative of a wheel-rail contact at a 1/15 scale. The study of adhesion variations is thus carried out by taking into account the mechanical and physico-chemical interactions linked to the addition of a third organic body. The latter are highlighted through an analysis of mechanical (friction factor), energetic (energy dissipated by friction) and spectroscopic (chemical bonding, composition) quantities. Finally, the activation of several tribological flows highlights repeatable phenomena modifying the consequences of a train’s adhesion loss on the distances traveled. This research work is being carried out in partnership with SNCF Réseau, using multidisciplinary tools (tribology, mechanics, physical chemistry) that combine experimental data (from real tracks and representative experiments of the wheel-rail contact) with tribological and physical-chemical analysis., Chaque automne, des incidents liés à la dégradation de l’adhérence du contact rail-roue sont signalés par les conducteurs de trains. Ils sont notamment causés par la présence de feuilles mortes en surface d’un rail. Ils génèrent des problèmes de sécurité, de nombreux retards et se produisent principalement en début et fin de journée. À ces moments, la température de l’air atteint celle du point de rosée créant de l’humidité en surface des rails. Des oxydes réagissant avec les feuilles mortes présentes génèrent des modifications physico-chimiques de ces troisièmes corps. Le passage d’un train sur cette couche organique est à l’origine de sollicitations mécaniques diminuant alors l’adhérence du contact. L’objectif de cette thèse est alors de proposer une démarche d’étude tribologique, visant à caractériser l’adhérence d’un contact rail-roue, en présence d’un troisième corps externe organique. Pour ce faire, deux axes d’études sont suivis. Le premier consiste en une capitalisation des résultats et limites des principaux travaux de recherche effectués sur ce sujet. Cette étape sert à créer un recueil de données tribologiques, mécaniques, et physico-chimiques. Elle est complétée par des analyses morphologiques de troisièmes corps réels prélevés en voie, à la suite d’une perte d’adhérence. Le second axe d’étude consiste en la réalisation d’une campagne d’essais paramétriques sur le banc d’essais Triboring, tribomètre de type galet-anneau représentatif du contact rail-roue à l’échelle 1/15ème. L’étude des variations d’adhérence est ainsi effectuée en prenant en compte les couplages mécaniques et physico-chimiques liés à l’ajout d’un troisième corps organique. Ces dernières sont notamment mises en évidence au travers d’une analyse de grandeurs mécaniques (facteur de frottement), énergétiques (énergie dissipée par frottement) et spectroscopiques (liaison chimique, composition). Enfin, l’activation de plusieurs débits tribologiques met en exergue des phénomènes répétables modulant les conséquences d’une perte d’adhérence d’un train sur les distances parcourues. Ce travail de recherche est effectué en partenariat avec SNCF Réseau, à l’aide d’outils pluridisciplinaires (tribologie, mécanique, physico-chimie) couplant l’obtention de données expérimentales (issues de voies réelles et d’essais représentatifs du contact rail-roue) à des analyses tribologiques et physico-chimiques.
- Published
- 2022
36. Analysis of deformation and microstructure evolution during the hot deformation of titanium alloy
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Kukuryk Marcin and Winczek Jerzy
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hot forging ,titanium alloy ,finite element ,strain ,stress ,microstructure evolution ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The paper presents theoretical and experimental analysis of deformations and microstructural evolutions in the hot cogging process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. A three–dimensional thermal – plastic coupled finite element model is employed to study the mechanical and thermal interaction between the forging anvils and the workpiece. To explore the distributions of effective strain, effective stress, mean stress and temperature of the specimens have been systematically studied. Attention has been paid to deformation, temperature, stress and strain inside the specimens and these parameters have been used to determine the evolution of the microstructure in deformed samples during hot cogging process. A comparison of theoretical with experimental results shows that the developed model may be used to accurately predict deformations and microstructural parameters.
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- 2018
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37. Development of a novel high straining backward extrusion process
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Wang Qiang, Zhang Zhimin, Li Xubin, and Zhang Huifang
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Extrusion ,Strain ,Aluminium ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
In this study, a new method of backward extrusion is proposed. In this new process, a punch with a movable mandrel was designed. A hollow billet was firstly backward extruded and subsequently upset with the use of the punch after the mandrel returned. The extrusion and upsetting processes were successively executed in order for a higher effective strain to be imposed and a fibrous tissue flow direction to be controlled. In order for the capability of this process to be investigated, experimental and finite element (FE) methods were used. The effective strain of the final part prepared by both the conventional and the new process were compared along the bottom radial and wall axial direction respectively. In the results, it is shown that the plastic strain applied through the processed sample was approximately higher in twice the value of the sample processed via conventional backward extrusion. Consequently, this may improve the mechanical properties and anisotropy of the final products. The difference of the UTS and the TYS between radial and tangential at the bottom was less than 3%.This new process has proven to be promising for parts with a central hole at the bottom production in order for the parts low performance to be improved.
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- 2018
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38. Crystallographic Services and Technology Support for Industry
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Antonia Neels, Olha Sereda, Tobias Bandi, and Xavier Maeder
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In situ xrd ,Nanoparticles ,Strain ,Thin films ,X-ray diffraction ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The activities of CSEM's XRD Application Lab are oriented towards the analytical support of technology and product development in the fields of materials sciences, microtechnology, physics, chemistry, nanotechnology and life sciences. Non-destructive X-ray diffraction methods are used for the structural investigation of materials, components and systems. New developments are made with a focus on in situ techniques to 'watch the action' – structural transformations in dependence of applied external fields such as temperature, humidity, magnetic fields or mechanical stresses.
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- 2014
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39. Étude des mécanismes d’endommagement de la microstructure d’un alliage d’aluminium-silicium pour application automobile à partir d’éprouvette modèle à défaut contrôlé
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dos Santos, Alexis, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Multiphysique, Multiéchelle - UMR 9013 (LaMcube), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille Institut, and Denis Najjar
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Mécanique de l’endommagement ,Solidification ,Aluminium-silicon alloys ,Plasticity ,Plasticité ,Damage mechanism ,Déformation ,Alliages aluminium-silicium ,Strain ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials - Abstract
Understanding the impact of the manufacturing defects (porosity, brittle inclusions) resulting from the Lost FoamCasting (LFC) process is a major concern in the cracks development under mechanical stress. The Al-7Si-3Cualloy (A319) will be considered in this crack mechanisms analysis. Generally, samples are obtained by cylinderhead sampling, but the variability in the distribution and characteristics of defects complicates the analysis ofcracking mechanisms. The new approach is to create a model test specimen with a representative cylinder headmicrostructure in terms of constituents and defects. Controlling the defect position allows to know the crack ini-tiation location. Hence, the observation area is limited during the mechanical test and it helps to ease quantitativemeasurement at a very fine scale. Two strategies are considered for the test specimen. The first method consistsin closing pores of the LFC alloy cut from the engine with the Hot Isostatic Pressure (HIP) process and drill aninclined hole in the center of the machined specimen. Instrumented cyclic mechanical tests with cameras wereperformed using a tensile micromachine. The displacement fields around the hole on the surface were measuredand analysed with digital image correlation. The test was stopped at different stages to characterize the 3Dmorphology of the micro-cracks by X-ray microtomography. The von Mises strain field calculated on the surfaceand those calculated in the volume allow an understanding of the damage mechanisms in the region of interestof the specimen. The second method consists in controlling the solidification cooling rate of a tensile sample castin our laboratory’s foundry with the aim of placing an internal pore in the middle of the gauge length. Opticalmicroscopy and X-ray microtomography observations were carried out in order to quantify the microstructurefeatures and the defects location.; La compréhension de l’impact des défauts de fabrication (porosité, inclusions fragiles) par Procédé de fonderie à Modèle Perdu (PMP) est au cœur des problématiques liées à l’amorçage de fissures dans les pièces sollicitées mé-caniquement. L’analyse des mécanismes de rupture vise en particulier l’alliage Al-7Si-3Cu (A319). Ce type d’étude se fait généralement par prélèvement en culasse mais la grande variabilité de la distribution et des caractéristiques des défauts observés complique l’analyse des mécanismes de fissuration. La nouvelle approche consiste à créer une éprouvette modèle avec une microstructure de culasse représentative en termes de constituants et défauts. Par le contrôle du positionnement du défaut dans l’éprouvette analysée, le site d’amorçage de la fissure est connu. Ainsi,la zone d’observation est limitée pendant l’essai mécanique ce qui permet de faciliter la mesure quantitative à une échelle très fine. Deux stratégies sont envisagées pour l’éprouvette. La première méthode consiste à fermer les pores de l’alliage A319 prélevé en culasse par un traitement thermomécanique de Compression Isostatique à Chaud(CIC) et à percer un trou incliné au centre de l’éprouvette usinée. Des essais mécaniques cycliques instrumentés avec des caméras ont été effectués en utilisant une micromachine de traction. Les champs de déplacement autour du trou à la surface ont été mesurés et analysés par corrélation d’images numériques. L’essai est interrompu à différents stades pour caractériser la morphologie 3D des microfissures par microtomographie aux rayons X. Les déformations de von Mises calculées en surface et celles calculées dans le volume permettent de comprendre les mécanismes d’endommagement dans la région d’intérêt de l’éprouvette. La seconde méthode consiste à contrôler la vitesse de refroidissement lors de la solidification d’un échantillon de traction coulé en laboratoire dans le but de placer un pore interne au milieu de la zone utile de l’éprouvette. Des observations en microscopie optique et en microtomographie RX ont été effectuées afin de quantifier les caractéristiques de la microstructure et la localisation des défauts.
- Published
- 2021
40. Redistribution des états de contrainte dans l'alliage germanium-étain pour des applications laser CMOS-compatibles à température ambiante et accordables en longueur d'onde
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Chretien, Jérémie, PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....], Vincent Calvo, Nicolas Pauc, and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Germanium-Étain ,Semiconducteur ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,Laser ,Semiconductor ,Déformation ,Germanium-Tin ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,Tunable ,Accordabilité ,Strain - Abstract
Due to the direct band gap, semiconductors based on the germanium-tin alloy (GeSn) are the subject of special care for opto-electronic devices. Unlike pure germanium, unstrained GeSn alloys have a direct inter-band energy transition from a concentration of around 6 %, providing an optical gain necessary to observe the laser effect at low temperatures. The operating temperature of the laser effect is increasing with the tin content. However, alloying tin in germanium faces technological issues in terms of material growth for a concentration higher than 16 %. The application of a tensile strain can be an alternative approach to modify the band diagram and amplify the material gain in order to consider applications at room temperature.In a first chapter, useful quantities and effects of the deformation on the band structure are introduced.GeSn alloys under bi-axial tensile strain are studied in micro-disk cavites stressed by tensor layer, and then in suspended cross-like membranes using strain management. The strain is estimated by FEM simulation, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The laser effect is also shown.In a final chapter, [100] uni-axial tensile strain is presented in micro-bridge structures, demonstrating the laser effect up to 273 K. Thanks to micro-laue diffraction, a tensile strain measurement is also carried out., En raison de leur bande interdite à caractère direct, les semi-conducteurs à base de l'alliage germanium-étain (GeSn) font l'objet d'une attention particulière pour des dispositifs optoélectroniques. Contrairement au germanium pur, l'alliage GeSn possède une transition énergétique interbandes directe à partir d'une concentration d'environ 6 % à l'état relaxé, lui conférant du gain optique nécessaire pour observer l'effet laser à basse température. La température de fonctionnement de l'effet laser est d'autant plus élevée que la couche optiquement active est riche en étain. Toutefois, l'incorporation d'étain dans l'alliage se heurte à l'heure actuelle à des limites technologiques en termes de croissance du matériau à partir d'une concentration supérieure à 16 %. L'application d'une déformation en tension se présente donc comme une approche alternative pour modifier le diagramme de bande et amplifier le gain du matériau pour envisager des applications à température ambiante.Dans un premier chapitre, les grandeurs utiles et les effets de la déformation sur la structure de bande ont été introduits.Le cas d'une déformation bi-axiale de l'alliage GeSn est ensuite abordée dans des structures micro-disques contraints par couche tenseur, puis par des membranes croix suspendues. La déformation est estimée par simulation FEM, spectroscopie Raman et Photoluminescence. L'effet Laser est également étudié.Dans un dernier chapitre, la déformation uni-axiale selon [100] est présentée via des structures micro-ponts, montrant l'effet laser jusqu'à 273 K. A l'aide de la diffraction micro-laue, une étude de la déformation est également menée.
- Published
- 2021
41. Cartographie des contraintes mécaniques in situ dans les tissus vivants
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Souchaud, Alexandre, Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC (UMR_7057)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université de Paris, François Gallet, and François Graner
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Mapping ,Cartographie ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph] ,Labelling ,In vivo ,Mesure ,Marquage ,Development ,Living tissues ,In situ ,Strain ,Imaging ,Développement - Abstract
Measuring the mechanical stresses in a living tissue is critical to link the development with the spatial and temporal distribution of forces. A quantitative study about the impact of mechanical effects on morphogenesis requires a precise knowledge of mechanical stresses, from the subcellular scale to the tissue scale.In this work, I describe an original method enabling for a direct measurement of the stress distribution within a living tissue. The technique consists in using micro-beads (30 ¹mof diameter, similar to a cell size), made of a soft elastic PDMS (Young’s modulus ' 1500 Pa, similar to a cell rigidity), embedded in the tissue, as micrometric sensors of local stresses. An efficient fluorescent labelling of the PDMS has been developed in order to image the captors in 3D in the tissues. Then, through an active contour method, the captor border is reconstructed and fitted with an ellipsoid. Knowing the mechanical properties of the elastic gel, the shear stress tensor can be directly retrieved from the captor deformations.A first calibration of the bulk gel elastic properties has been performed with a classical rheometer. Another independent calibration has been performed in situ in cell aggregates. Both calibrations have yielded similar results and enable for absolute measurements of the shear stress without requiring any mechanical model for the tissue. The captors have been used for both in vitro and in vivo studies.The in vitro study in cell aggregates has enabled to map, at successive times, the shear stress within the aggregate. These results highlighted preferential radial and orthoradial orientations of the shear stress main directions. Besides, one observed a variation of its norm along the aggregate’s radius.An exploratory study in vivo in the zebra fish embryo has also enabled to map the shear stress developed into the pre-chordal plate during epiboly.Both these results permit to conclude on the efficiency of the developed.; Les contraintes mécaniques dans les tissus sont aujourd’hui au centre de beaucoup d’études permettant une meilleure compréhension des systèmes vivants. Ainsi, une étude quantitative sur l’impact des effets mécaniques sur le développement des tissus vivants nécessite une connaissance précise des contraintes mécaniques, de l’échelle subcellulaire à l’échelle tissulaire.Dans ce travail, je décris une nouvelle méthode permettant une mesure directe de la distribution des contraintes de cisaillement dans un tissu vivant. La technique consiste à utiliser des microcapteurs sphériques d’une trentaine de microns de diamètre (ordre de grandeur d’une taille cellulaire), constitués d’un gel de PDMS, élastique et déformable. Le micro-capteur est inséré dans le tissu dans le but de mesurer les contraintes de cisaillement locales.Un marquage fluorescent du PDMS a été développé afin de pouvoir imager les capteurs en 3D dans les tissus. Ensuite, grâce à une méthode informatique de contour actif, le contour du capteur peut être détecté. Un ajustement de ce contour par un ellipsoïde permet de déterminer les déformations et les orientations principales du capteur dans le tissu. Connaissant les propriétés mécaniques du gel élastique, le tenseur des contraintes de cisaillement peut être directement déduit des déformations du capteur.Un étalonnage des propriétés élastiques du gel à l’échelle macroscopique a été réalisé à l’aide d’une étude rhéométrique classique. Une calibration indépendante in situ dans des agrégats sphériques a également été effectuée. Les deux calibrations ont fourni des résultats similaires : le module d’Young est d’environ ' 1500 Pa (comparable à celui d’une cellule). Ainsi, de la connaissance des caractéristiques mécaniques du gel, il est possible d’effectuer une mesure absolue de la contrainte de cisaillement sans aucun modèle mécanique du tissu.Les micro-capteurs ainsi développés ont été testés dans des études in vitro et in vivo.L’étude in vitro dans les agrégats cellulaires sphériques au cours de leur étalement a permis d’établir une première carte des contraintes de cisaillement dans les agrégats. Elle a mis en évidence les orientations préférentielles radiales et orthoradiales des directions des contraintes de cisaillement. Également, on observe une variation de la norme de la contrainte de cisaillement totale le long du rayon de l’agrégat.Une étude exploratoire in vivo chez l’embryon de poisson zèbre a également permis d’établir une cartographie préliminaire des contraintes de cisaillement développées dans la plaque pré-chordale durant différents stades de l’épibolie.Ces deux résultats permettent de conclure sur la capacité des micro-capteurs développés d’établir la carte spatio-temporelle des contraintes de cisaillement dans les tissus vivants.
- Published
- 2020
42. Solutions aux limites des interrogateurs B-OTDR pour la surveillance d'infrastructures : augmentation de la portée de mesure et décorrélation des paramètres de température et de déformation
- Author
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Clement, Pierre, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Renaud Gabet, Yves Jaouën, and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Acoustic vibrations ,Structural health monitoring ,[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,Surveillance de l'état de santé d'infrastructures ,Rétrodiffusion optique ,Temperature ,Distributed optical fiber sensing ,Distance maximale de mesure ,Mesure distribuée par fibre optique ,Déformation ,Température ,Strain ,Hydrostatique pressure ,[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,Vibrations acoustiques ,Pression hydrostatique ,Maximal measurement length ,Optical scattering - Abstract
This thesis deals with distributed optical fiber sensors, especially Brillouin sensors called B-OTDR that are sensitive both to temperature and strain. Some actual limitations due to the scattering phenomenon avoid deployment of this technology for some specific applications. These limitations are about the maximum length measured by the sensor but also the double sensitivity to strain and temperature. From our current B-OTDR sensor, we propose solutions to address these issues.A new re-amplification module using EDFA has been developed and characterized associated to a B-OTDR system. A 150 km distributed temperature measurement with 1,5 °C repeatability has been reached. This record performance let us consider a deployment for very long infrastructure monitoring for the energy transport. In another hand, we developed a new sensing device using Brillouin scattering and able to separate temperature and strain. This patented device has been characterized and used on a specific cable inserted in a well drilling. Results have shown a combination of strain and temperature variations on the cable that give very useful information to the well operator. We have reached a temperature repeatability of 1 °C and a strain repeatability of 20 μm/m for 1 km fiber. At 10 km, temperature repeatability has been evaluated to be 3 °C and strain to 75 μm/m. These results are to the state of art for temperature/strain separation using B-OTDR.These works have led to a new distributed measurement prototype that could address simultaneously temperature, strain, acoustic vibrations, and pressure sensing. Some interesting perspectives could result from these works to address a complete infrastructure monitoring using fiber optic sensing., Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des systèmes de mesure répartie de la rétrodiffusion Brillouin dans une fibre optique, que l’on nomme B-OTDR et qui sont sensibles à la température et à la déformation de la fibre. Les solutions d'interrogateurs actuelles permettent l'instrumentation de grandes infrastructures. Cependant, il existe des limites, inhérentes au phénomène physique utilisé, qui ne permettent pas d'adresser certaines applications spécifiques. Ces limites portent sur la distance de mesure maximale accessible par ces interrogateurs mais également sur la décorrélation de la mesure des paramètres de température et de déformation. Nous avons donc cherché, au cours de cette thèse, à adresser des solutions à ces problématiques. Un nouveau système de ré-amplification optique, basé sur les technologies EDFA, a été mis au point. Associé à un système B-OTDR, cette solution nous a permis de réaliser une mesure distribuée de température sur 150 km de fibre avec une répétabilité de 1,5 °C. Cette avancée propose, à notre connaissance, les meilleurs résultats obtenus avec un tel système et nous permet d’envisager son déploiement pour la surveillance d’infrastructures du transport de l’énergie sur de longues distances. Nous avons dans un second temps conçu un nouvel interrogateur, utilisant la rétrodiffusion Brillouin, et permettant la décorrélation des mesures de température et de déformation sur une seule et unique fibre optique. Ce nouvel interrogateur, caractérisé et breveté durant cette thèse, a permis de réaliser une mesure indépendante de température et de déformation sur un câble spécifique inséré dans un puits de forage. Les résultats de ces mesures ont montré à la fois des variations de température et de déformation sur le câble, donnant des informations précieuses à l’opérateur du puits. Le nouvel interrogateur mis au point, permet une séparation de ces deux paramètres avec une répétabilité inférieure à 1 °C et 20 μm/m pour une distance de l’ordre du kilomètre. Pour des distances de l’ordre de la dizaine de kilomètres, la répétabilité de mesure est de 3 °C et 75 μm/m. Ce résultat fait l'état de l'art dans la séparation température/déformation par B-OTDR. Enfin, les différents travaux réalisés pour répondre à ces deux problématiques ont abouti au développement d’un prototype d’interrogateur qui laisse envisager une mesure simultanée de la température, de la déformation, des vibrations acoustiques et de la pression hydrostatique. Ce prototype conduit à des perspectives intéressantes pour une solution complète de surveillance d’infrastructures.
- Published
- 2020
43. Solutions to B-OTDR limitations for structural health monitoring : improvement of the maximal measurement length and separation of temperature and strain
- Author
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Clement, Pierre, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Renaud Gabet, and Yves Jaouën
- Subjects
Acoustic vibrations ,Structural health monitoring ,Surveillance de l'état de santé d'infrastructures ,Rétrodiffusion optique ,Temperature ,Distributed optical fiber sensing ,Distance maximale de mesure ,Mesure distribuée par fibre optique ,Déformation ,Température ,Strain ,Hydrostatique pressure ,[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,Vibrations acoustiques ,Pression hydrostatique ,Maximal measurement length ,Optical scattering - Abstract
This thesis deals with distributed optical fiber sensors, especially Brillouin sensors called B-OTDR that are sensitive both to temperature and strain. Some actual limitations due to the scattering phenomenon avoid deployment of this technology for some specific applications. These limitations are about the maximum length measured by the sensor but also the double sensitivity to strain and temperature. From our current B-OTDR sensor, we propose solutions to address these issues.A new re-amplification module using EDFA has been developed and characterized associated to a B-OTDR system. A 150 km distributed temperature measurement with 1,5 °C repeatability has been reached. This record performance let us consider a deployment for very long infrastructure monitoring for the energy transport. In another hand, we developed a new sensing device using Brillouin scattering and able to separate temperature and strain. This patented device has been characterized and used on a specific cable inserted in a well drilling. Results have shown a combination of strain and temperature variations on the cable that give very useful information to the well operator. We have reached a temperature repeatability of 1 °C and a strain repeatability of 20 μm/m for 1 km fiber. At 10 km, temperature repeatability has been evaluated to be 3 °C and strain to 75 μm/m. These results are to the state of art for temperature/strain separation using B-OTDR.These works have led to a new distributed measurement prototype that could address simultaneously temperature, strain, acoustic vibrations, and pressure sensing. Some interesting perspectives could result from these works to address a complete infrastructure monitoring using fiber optic sensing.; Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des systèmes de mesure répartie de la rétrodiffusion Brillouin dans une fibre optique, que l’on nomme B-OTDR et qui sont sensibles à la température et à la déformation de la fibre. Les solutions d'interrogateurs actuelles permettent l'instrumentation de grandes infrastructures. Cependant, il existe des limites, inhérentes au phénomène physique utilisé, qui ne permettent pas d'adresser certaines applications spécifiques. Ces limites portent sur la distance de mesure maximale accessible par ces interrogateurs mais également sur la décorrélation de la mesure des paramètres de température et de déformation. Nous avons donc cherché, au cours de cette thèse, à adresser des solutions à ces problématiques. Un nouveau système de ré-amplification optique, basé sur les technologies EDFA, a été mis au point. Associé à un système B-OTDR, cette solution nous a permis de réaliser une mesure distribuée de température sur 150 km de fibre avec une répétabilité de 1,5 °C. Cette avancée propose, à notre connaissance, les meilleurs résultats obtenus avec un tel système et nous permet d’envisager son déploiement pour la surveillance d’infrastructures du transport de l’énergie sur de longues distances. Nous avons dans un second temps conçu un nouvel interrogateur, utilisant la rétrodiffusion Brillouin, et permettant la décorrélation des mesures de température et de déformation sur une seule et unique fibre optique. Ce nouvel interrogateur, caractérisé et breveté durant cette thèse, a permis de réaliser une mesure indépendante de température et de déformation sur un câble spécifique inséré dans un puits de forage. Les résultats de ces mesures ont montré à la fois des variations de température et de déformation sur le câble, donnant des informations précieuses à l’opérateur du puits. Le nouvel interrogateur mis au point, permet une séparation de ces deux paramètres avec une répétabilité inférieure à 1 °C et 20 μm/m pour une distance de l’ordre du kilomètre. Pour des distances de l’ordre de la dizaine de kilomètres, la répétabilité de mesure est de 3 °C et 75 μm/m. Ce résultat fait l'état de l'art dans la séparation température/déformation par B-OTDR. Enfin, les différents travaux réalisés pour répondre à ces deux problématiques ont abouti au développement d’un prototype d’interrogateur qui laisse envisager une mesure simultanée de la température, de la déformation, des vibrations acoustiques et de la pression hydrostatique. Ce prototype conduit à des perspectives intéressantes pour une solution complète de surveillance d’infrastructures.
- Published
- 2020
44. Stress et strain : application au cours du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë.
- Author
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Piquilloud, L. and Mercat, A.
- Abstract
Copyright of Reanimation is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Cardio-oncologie en pédiatrie: évaluation cardiaque complète de survivants de leucémie aigüe survenue pendant l'enfance inclus dans la cohorte nationale LEA
- Author
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Rique, Arnaud, Aix-Marseille Université - École de médecine (AMU SMPM MED), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté des sciences médicales et paramédicales (AMU SMPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Fedoua El Louali
- Subjects
Ventricule droit ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Cardio-oncologie ,Cardiopédiatrie ,Échocardiographie ,SGL ,Ventricule gauche ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Strain - Abstract
Introduction : plus de 85% des enfants atteints de leucémie aiguë survivent à cette affection. Malgré l’évolution des thérapeutiques, la cardiotoxicité des traitements reçus reste une cause importante de morbidité chez les survivants. Les traitements de l’insuffisance cardiaque chronique ne permettent pas d’enrayer l’évolution d’une cardiomyopathie aux anthracyclines (AC). Il est donc indispensable de la détecter à des stades plus précoces. Nous avons étudié la cardiotoxicité des AC, associées ou non à de la radiothérapie, chez des patients traités pendant l’enfance. Notre objectif est de montrer que le strain longitudinal du VG est le paramètre le plus précoce. Nous avons également cherché à préciser le rôle protecteur de l’activité physique (AP) régulière avant et après le traitement.Méthodes : nous avons effectué une consultation de cardio-oncologie avec étude écho cardiographique poussée chez des survivants de leucémie aiguë de l’enfance et traités à l’hôpital de La Timone entre 2000 et 2018. Résultats : 35 patients ont été inclus entre juillet 2019 et septembre 2020. La dose cumulée moyenne d’AC était de 196mg/m², 20% des patients ont reçu une radiothérapie corps entier. 13 patients pratiquaient une AP avant le traitement à 30MET.h/semaine en moyenne et 31 patients ont pratiqué une AP après le traitement à 35MET.h/semaine en moyenne. 3 diagnostics de CMD ont été portés, 9 patients présentaient une anomalie du strain VG (SGLVG) et 14 patients une anomalie du strain VD. Le SGLVG était plus souvent altéré en cas de dose cumulée >240mg/m² (p=0.017) et en cas de radiothérapie associée (p=0.033). Il était moins souvent altéré en cas de pratique d’une AP>26MET.h/semaine après le traitement (p=0.038). Enfin, nous avons effectué une régression logistique binaire : nous avons retrouvé un OR de 6,87 [1.26-37.34] pour une dose cumulée d’AC>240mg/m², de 1,16 [1.003-1.35] pour la présence d’une radiothérapie concomitante et de 0,16 [0.027-0.94] pour la pratique d’une AP >26MET.h/semaine en post-traitement.Conclusion : notre étude échocardiographie sur les survivants de leucémie aiguë de l’enfance confirme que le premier marqueur à s’altérer dans le cadre d’une cardiomyopathie aux anthracyclines est bien le SGLVG. Il est plus souvent altéré en cas de radiothérapie concomitante ou en cas de dose cumulée d’AC >240mg/m². Notre étude est la seule à avoir retrouvé un rôle protecteur de l’activité physique régulière d’au moins 26MET.h/semaine après la fin du traitement.
- Published
- 2020
46. Altération du STRAIN VG péri-CEC mesuré par ETO et évènements cardiaques majeurs postopératoires en chirurgie cardiaque
- Author
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Rougé, Jacques, Thèses d'exercice et mémoires - UFR de Médecine Montpellier-Nîmes, Université de Montpellier (UM), and Philippe Burtin
- Subjects
MESH: Fonction ventriculaire gauche ,MESH: Troponine ,Chirurgie cardiaque ,MESH: Pronostic ,MESH: Anesthésie ,Échographie transoesophagienne ,MESH: Circulation extracorporelle ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Strain - Abstract
Le strain ventriculaire gauche (VG) est une méthode échographique récente évaluant la déformation myocardique globale. L’influence de la variation per-opératoire du Strain VG en chirurgie cardiaque sur le pronostic à long terme est inconnue. Méthode : le strain VG a été mesuré par ETO avant et après CEC. Les ECM (évènements cardiaques majeurs) sont définis comme : infarctus du myocarde, fibrillation auriculaire, arythmies ventriculaires, insuffisance cardiaque congestive, ré-hospitalisation cardiaque. Deux groupes ont été comparés selon que le strain était altéré (ALT STRAIN) ou inchangé (MAINT STRAIN) avec un seuil de + 10%. Résultats : 159 patients ont été inclus. Le suivi postopératoire a été réalisé de 4 à 528 jours. Une altération du strain VG post CEC a été observée chez 70% des patients. Les deux groupes étaient significativement différents pour la durée de clampage aortique, la durée de séjour en réanimation, et le temps d’apparition du premier ECM. 29 complications intra-hospitalières sont survenues dans le groupe Alt Strain et 5 dans le groupe Maint Strain (p
- Published
- 2020
47. Modélisation du comportement des sédiments riches en hydrates de gaz via l'homogénéisation des propriétés micro-mécaniques
- Author
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ALAVOINE, Axelle, Laboratoire Navier (NAVIER UMR 8205), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Université Paris-Est, Jean-Michel Pereira, and Patrick Dangla
- Subjects
Behavior ,Méthane ,Contrainte ,Comportement ,Déformation ,Stress ,MODELISATION ,Modelling ,Strain ,METHANE ,Modélisation ,[SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph] ,Hydrates ,HYDRATATION ,CONTRAINTE ,Methane - Abstract
Gas hydrates represent an important potential energy resource, but also a risk of instability for the environment (landslides, global warming) that it is essential to control. The study of gas hydrate bearing soils, most often located on the ocean floor or in permafrost, is therefore a major challenge. The formation and dissociation of hydrates in these soils modifies the microstructure and with it the physical properties of the material. The objective of the thesis was to develop a model that could predict the behaviour of soils containing gas hydrates, initially on the scale of the conventional laboratory sample. Several multi-physical computational models applied to gas hydrate-enriched soils have already been published, but the mechanical part is still relatively underdeveloped due to the lack of experimental data and the relatively late interest shown by the mechanics' community in the subject.Based on this observation, we first focused our analysis on mechanical behaviour. The results of tests on sediments rich in methane hydrates available in the literature have been used as a basis for analyzing the effect of hydrates on the mechanical properties of a soil. In particular, the relationship between the elastic moduli of a soil and the volume fraction of hydrates was determined using an analytical homogenization calculation. However, sediments containing gas hydrate inclusions exhibit macroscopic behaviour that is far from linearly elastic. The latter is strongly related to the different physical and morphological characteristics of both matrix sediments and hydrates formed in the pore space.These observations led to the application of a numerical homogenization method based on Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs). This method allows for the use of elastoplastic laws and complex geometries to define the microstructure components of the material to be homogenized. The results can therefore be used to determine a non-linear constitutive macroscopic model adapted to the type of sediment/hydrate composite to be simulated.The previous developments were then integrated into a finite element computation code first at the scale of the assumed homogeneous laboratory sample. Hydraulic couplings via pressures and conventional fluid flow models could therefore be integrated, as well as the solubility of methane in the aqueous phase and phase changes through a kinetic law. The thermodynamic aspect was also included. Mechanical behaviour could be defined either by analytical homogenization laws or by multi-scale calculations. The numerical homogenization calculation by FFT is carried out at the microstructure scale at Gauss integration points.These calculations were compared with laboratory test results for volume fractions of constant hydrates or for hydrate dissociation tests in soil samples. Finally, data from an exploration site were obtained from the literature and used to conduct a reservoir-scale calculation.Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator; Les hydrates de gaz représentent une ressource énergétique potentielle importante, mais aussi un risque d’instabilité pour l’environnement (mouvements de terrain, réchauffement climatique) qu’il est essentiel de maîtriser. L’étude des sols enrichis en hydrates de gaz, le plus souvent localisés au niveau des fonds océaniques ou du pergélisol, représente donc un enjeu majeur. La formation comme la dissociation d’hydrates dans ces sols modifie la microstructure et avec elle les propriétés physiques du matériau. L’objectif de la thèse a donc été de développer un modèle qui puisse permettre de prédire le comportement des sols contenant des hydrates de gaz, dans un premier temps à l’échelle de l’éprouvette de laboratoire classique. Plusieurs modèles de calculs multi-physiques appliqués aux sols enrichis en hydrates de gaz ont déjà été publiés, cependant la partie mécanique reste encore assez peu développée du fait du manque de données expérimentales, et de l’intérêt assez tardif porté par la communauté des mécaniciens au sujet. En partant de ce constat, nous avons d’abord concentré notre analyse sur le comportement mécanique. Les résultats d’essais sur des sédiments riches en hydrates de méthane disponibles dans la littérature ont servi de base à l’analyse de l’effet des hydrates sur les propriétés mécaniques d’un sol. En particulier, la relation entre les modules élastiques d’un sol et la fraction volumique d’hydrates a été déterminée à l’aide d’un calcul d’homogénéisation analytique. Les sédiments contenant des inclusions d’hydrates de gaz présentent toutefois un comportement macroscopique loin d’être élastique linéaire. Ce dernier est fortement lié aux différentes caractéristiques physiques et morphologiques à la fois des sédiments matriciels et des hydrates formés dans l’espace des pores. Ces observations ont donc conduit à l’application d’une méthode d’homogénéisation numérique basée sur les Transformées de Fourier Rapides (TFR). Cette méthode permet l’utilisation de lois élastoplastiques et de géométries complexes pour définir les composants de la microstructure du matériau à homogénéiser. Les résultats qui en découlent peuvent donc servir à déterminer un modèle macroscopique constitutif non-linéaire adapté au type de composite sédiment/hydrates que l’on souhaite simuler. Les précédents développement ont par la suite été intégrés à un code de calcul aux éléments finis d’abord à l’échelle de l’échantillon de laboratoire supposé homogène. Les couplages hydrauliques via les pressions et les modèles classiques d’écoulement de fluides ont donc pu être intégrés, tout comme la solubilité du méthane en phase aqueuse et les changements de phases à travers une loi cinétique. L’aspect thermodynamique a également été inclus. Le comportement mécanique pouvait être défini soit par les lois d’homogénéisation analytiques soit par calculs multi-échelles. Le calcul d’homogénéisation numérique par TFR est mené à l’échelle de la microstructure aux points d’intégrations de Gauss. Ces calculs ont été comparés à des résultats d’essais en laboratoire pour des fractions volumiques d’hydrates constantes ou bien pour des essais de dissociation des hydrates dans les échantillons de sols. Enfin, les données d’un site d’exploration ont été obtenues dans la littérature et exploitées pour mener un calcul à l’échelle du réservoir
- Published
- 2020
48. [Impact of Dapagliflozin on echocardiographic parameters in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: "About a monocentric series of 43 cases"].
- Author
-
Zaoui N, Bachir N, Terki A, and Boukabous A
- Subjects
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Adult, Aged, Aminobutyrates, Benzhydryl Compounds, Biphenyl Compounds, Echocardiography, Glucosides, Humans, Middle Aged, Spironolactone therapeutic use, Stroke Volume, Heart Failure diagnostic imaging, Heart Failure drug therapy, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors pharmacology, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Abstract
Introduction: The treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction HFrEF (< 40%) uses hygienic-dietary rules combined with beta-blockers, renin-angiotensin system blockers RASB (alone or in combination with Sacubitril) and spironolactone. Dapagliflozin (SGLT2 inhibitor) has proven its effectiveness in reducing morbi-mortality in patients with HF. However, its effects on echocardiographic parameters are less known., Objective: To describe the impact of the addition of Dapagliflozin to conventional treatment on echocardiographic parameters in patients with HFrEF < 40%., Method: Observational, single-center and non-randomized study involving patients with HFrEF < 40%. This group was compared to a cohort of 50 patients with HfrEF < 40% under conventional treatment without Dapagliflozin (taken from the HF register of our center and whose management dates back to before the adoption of this molecule in the HF ESC-2021 guidelines) to assess the ultrasound impact of Dapagliflozin., Results: 43 patients aged between 40 and 68 years with HfrEF < 40% on Beta-blocker, BSRA, Spironolactone and Dapagliflozin 10 mg/d. The mean EF was 33% ± 3 (30-39%), mean LVd diameter 64 mm ± 6 (55-71 mm) and mean longitudinal strain at -11% ± 4. These patients were compared to a cohort of 50 patients with the same profile without Dapagliflozin. After a follow-up of 7 months (5-8 months): The average EF increased to 37% with 11 patients EF > 40% against 35% and 5 patients EF > 40% for the group without Dapagliflozin (P 0.057), average LVd at 61 mm versus 66 mm in the group without Dapagliflozin (P 0.095), Mean longitudinal strain at -14% (6 patients < -15) versus -12% (1 patient <-15) in the group without Dapagliflozin (P 0.046)., Conclusion: In a population of patients with HfrEF < 40% under conventional treatment for HF, the prescription of Dapagliflozin is associated with an improvement of echocardiographic parameters (EF and longitudinal strain). MOTS-CLéS: Série;Dapagliflozine;insuffisance cardiaque;strain;ProBNP;dysfonction VG., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Pas de conflit d'intérêts., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Tropismes et barrières d’espèces des ATNC (maladies à prions) : quels dangers pour l’homme?
- Author
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Arnaud, Jacques-Damien, Alvarez-Martinez, Maria-Teresa, Fontes, Pascaline, and Liautard, Jean-Pierre
- Subjects
CHRONIC wasting disease ,PRIONS ,BRAIN diseases ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,INFECTION ,PRION diseases ,AMYLOID - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Francophone des Laboratoires is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. JOSEF NADJ: HONGROIS EN FRANCE, FRANÇAIS EN RUSSIE.
- Author
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Gothuey, Julie
- Subjects
- *
ETHNIC groups , *CHOREOGRAPHY , *EMIGRATION & immigration , *DANCERS , *ETHNIC performing arts - Abstract
Born in Voivodina in a true cultural mosaic, Josef Nadj, following his imigration in France, has become a real ambassador of French coreography abroad. Born and brought up in a multiethnic region marked by many geopolitical changes along the 20th century, Josej Nadj, has always distinguished himself through his work both as belonging to and representing an ethnic group. The French people have always considered him the Other, the foreigner in motion, and Nadj has highlighted their opinon through his dance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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