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Excessive carbon emissions are causing the problems of global warming and greenhouse effect. It is urgent to control carbon emissions worldwide. As one of the main sources, it is crucial to reduce the carbon emits of construction industry. Carbon is generated at all phases of the building life cycle. Notably, building design has various extent of influence on carbon emissions at each phase, which is urgently to explore a low carbon method. This paper is to summarize the current status of building design by literature review. The challenges of building design are analysed as the lack of 1) a comprehensive standard system by considering different factors; 2) the carbon emission calculation method; 3) real-time optimization model aiming at carbon reduction. Therefore, the path of “standard-calculation-prediction-optimization” (SCPO) for building design is proposed. This paper can provide theoretical guidance for low carbon building design.

During the normalization phase of COVID-19 epidemic, it is gradually reverted to use building space, especially for office. Prevention of airborne pollutant has emerged as a major challenge. Ventilation strategies can mitigate the spread of airborne disease in indoor environment, such as increasing ventilation rate, modifying ventilation mode, etc. The larger ventilation rate can lead to higher energy consumption may not effectively reduce infection risk. The potential of ventilation modes for COVID-19 control should be explored. Furthermore, it is necessary to adopt low-cost strategies, such as physical barrier, to increase the prevention efficiency while combining the ventilation system. This study was to investigate the impact of physical barrier on the spread of particles and infection risk in an office with a sufficient ventilation rate, and then compare different ventilation strategies, including mixing ventilation (MV), zone ventilation (ZV), stratum ventilation (SV) and displacement ventilation (DV), for the optimal one. The simulation model was mainly used in this work and validated by the experiment to show a good agreement with the model prediction. The results showed that (1) the SV showed greater performance in mitigating infection disease spread than MV, ZV and DV, with a minimum infection risk of 13%; (2) a barrier height of at least 60 cm above the desk surface is needed to effectively prevent the transmission of viruses with the risk of infection reduced by about 72%. This work can provide a reference for development of ventilation strategies as well as low-cost prevention interventions in public space oriented the prevention of COVID-19.

The 257 scenic spots in Lingui covered 5 main categories, 14 sub-categories and 26 basic types, in which there were 33 natural scenic spots and 224 humanistic scenic spots, featured by rich resources stock, humanistic landscape resources-based, and significant space agglomeration; the quality levels are 11 high-quality scenic spots that most of them have been developed, 57 good scenic spots and 189 ordinary scenic spots that have big development potential; of the 36 scenic spots developed so far, 7 are natural, and 29 are humanistic(22 of them have been oriented by cultural relic protection sites); from initial scattered-point to intensive scattered-point to point-axis period, they showed stepped and multi-center structure situation. We found that: 1) five levels of growth pole have been formed; 2) The influence mechanism of development on tourism space is: the theme park is the greatest, the natural landscape resources is secondary and the cultural landscape resources is the least, the former-residence -type cultural relics protection sites and traditional villages have a certain influence, and the influence of high-level landscape resources is big in general. Based on the above results, we can build the tourism space structure with “one ring, one core, one sub-core, and three axes”.

In order to realize mechanical properties test of the emergency towing arrangements, anchor chain and other large marine components, a large-tonnage and multi-function horizontal tension test platform is put forward in this paper. The paper analyzes the disadvantages of the frame structure of the existing experimental platform and designs the composite structure of the concrete and steel. The steel has good elasticity and toughness, the concrete has good performance of high rigidity and compression resistance, so the composite structure takes the advantages of both. The sharp of the frame is like “L”, which can be used to testing different projects. The paper gives the detailed size and analysis procedure of the frame. And it finds a more reasonable structure by means of finite element to analyze and optimize. The frame structure has the advantages of low weight and cost. The platform has been installed in Zhoushan, China successfully.