20 results on '"railroad"'
Search Results
2. Il treno, oggetto e soggetto della modernità
- Author
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Lorenzo Fattori
- Subjects
media ,communication ,railroad ,modernity ,speed ,Fine Arts ,Arts in general ,NX1-820 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The train, an object and a subject of modernity. Among the objects that play a fundamental role in our life experience the train stands out, having played a fundamental role in the human experience since the second half of the 19th century. The railway was a big player in the industrial development of western society and of some of the biggest transformations in daily life. It has profoundly entered into the experience of everyone, given its enormous influence in modernity. The train was the protagonist of the transformation of medieval cities into modern metropolises, of the reconfiguration of the social perception of time and space and of the development of industrial design. Most of all, the train has a very strong symbolic power and a central role in the social imaginery, having been the catalyst for the myth of speed. It is our intention to question the development of the railway with the eyes of phenomenological sociology, bringing out its role as a subject, as well as a fundamental object, of the human experience of modernity.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Por mar, terra e ar: Dakar, Natal e as conexões transatlânticas (1880-1940)
- Author
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Rubenilson B. Teixeira
- Subjects
territory ,navigation ,railroad ,aviation ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Natal, capital of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and Dakar, capital of Senegal, located respectively on extreme points of South America and West Africa, are settled in the shortest distance between the two continents, which are separated by the Atlantic. Historically speaking, both urban sites were strategic since the times of the great navigations, and remained important in the times of the modern development of communication systems brought about by the Industrial Revolution: steam navigation, the railroad, the aviation. This article deals with the historical similarities which can be detected in the relationship that both cities maintained with these communication systems and with their consequences in urban and territorial terms, between 1880 and 1940. The article also analyses the process of real approximation between the two cities in the period so established.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The impact of the railroad on American society: a communication perspective of technology
- Author
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Matusitz, Jonathan
- Subjects
Communication ,Railroad ,Society ,Technology ,Time. ,Recreation. Leisure ,GV1-1860 - Abstract
This manuscript examines the railroad system as a combination of humans and machines that form a symbiosis, and explains how the railroad exerted a huge effect on American life when it made irrelevant the organic – following nature – time system that existed in cities and countries where clocks were set according to weather conditions. The author makes the point that the railroad is an organ of society, that it will evolve to serve the functions we demand, that it has molded and altered – but never replaced – contact between humans, and that it will continue to enhance and facilitate it. This manuscript analyzes the social, cross-cultural, psychological, and financial impact of the railroad on American society in the past two hundred years. The measure of progress in the United States is tantamount to the mass of things that had to be sacrificed to it.
- Published
- 2009
5. Ferrovias, doenças e medicina tropical no Brasil da Primeira República Railroads, disease, and tropical medicine in Brazil under the First Republic
- Author
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Jaime Larry Benchimol and André Felipe Cândido da Silva
- Subjects
ferrovia ,malária ,medicina tropical ,entomologia médica ,teoria da infecção domiciliária ,Brasil ,railroad ,malaria ,tropical medicine ,medical entomology ,theory of domiciliary infection ,Brazil ,History of medicine. Medical expeditions ,R131-687 - Abstract
Aborda o impacto da malária no âmbito da modernização republicana, basicamente nas ferrovias, que asssumiram então o papel de integrar o território e operar a expansão simbólica e material da nação brasileira. Os cientistas destacados para debelar os surtos epidêmicos não se limitaram a realizar as campanhas. Fizeram observações sobre aspectos da doença, inclusive suas relações com hospedeiros e ambientes, contribuindo com novos conhecimentos e com a institucionalização, no Brasil, de novo campo que então se estabelecia nas potências coloniais européias: a medicina tropical. O artigo articula essas inovações - especialmente a teoria da infecção domiciliária - com as campanhas em prol de ferrovias e com estágio subseqüente no enfrentamento da malária no Brasil, nos anos 1920.The article explores the impact of malaria on infrastructure works - above all, railroads - under the republican drive towards modernization. Railways helped tie the territory together and foster the symbolic and material expansion of the Brazilian nation. The scientists entrusted with vanquishing such epidemic outbreaks did not just conduct campaigns; they also undertook painstaking observations of aspects of the disease, including its relations to hosts and the environment, thus contributing to the production of new knowledge of malaria and to the institutionalization of a new field in Brazil, then taking root in Europe's colonies: "tropical medicine." The article shows the ties between these innovations (especially the theory of domiciliary infection) and the sanitary campaigns that helped the railways, which in the 1920s were followed by a new phase in Brazil's anti-malaria efforts.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Les chemins de fer en Afrique subsaharienne, entre passé révolu et recompositions incertaines
- Author
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Roland Pourtier
- Subjects
railroad ,Subsaharan Africa ,development corridors ,Transgabonese Railroad ,raw materials ,mines ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
African railroads have been the most emblematic transport infrastructures at the time of colonization, allowing control over territories, access to landlocked spaces, export of raw materials. However, if we except South Africa, they reflect the colonial break-up and do not constitute true networks. Today they have to compete with road transport, which spells death for many lines. Comparative advantages of rail are only found in the transport of heavy or non perishable goods, as shown in the multimodal organisation of transports in the development corridors. Ore railroads offer the best prospects in a context of increasing ore production. The future of railroads is therefore at issue between territorial planning and mining outlet.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Un siècle et demi de mutations techniques au dépôt-atelier SNCF de Béziers (1858-2001)
- Author
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Philippe Marassé
- Subjects
Hérault railways ,entretien ,Cerdanya line ,centre d’apprentissage ,Cie du chemin de fer de Graissessac à Béziers ,Éts Fouga ,chemin de fer ,traction électrique ,ligne de la Cerdagne ,BB Midi ,diesel traction ,traction diesel ,chemins de fer d’intérêt local de l’Hérault ,learning centre ,Coferna ,Graissessac to Béziers railway company ,dépôt de locomotives ,electric traction ,workshop manager ,Midi railway company ,machine-outil ,railway rolling stock workshop ,Cie des chemins de fer du Midi ,force motrice ,atelier directeur ,steam traction ,SNCF (French Railway Board) ,révision ,électrification ,outillage ,machine tool ,atelier du matériel ferroviaire ,réparation ,locomotive depot ,traction à vapeur ,railroad ,SNCF - Abstract
Créés à la fin du XIXe siècle par la Cie du Midi sur des emprises héritées du chemin de fer de Graissessac, le dépôt et les ateliers de Béziers, dont les bâtiments revêtent aujourd’hui un intérêt patrimonial certain, s’orientèrent très tôt vers les tractions électrique (1931) et diesel (1951). Dès le début des années 1950, locomotives à vapeur, électriques et diesel cohabitaient ainsi au dépôt, qui géra également le matériel à voie métrique de la ligne de la Cerdagne. Quant aux grands ateliers du matériel, modernisés dès avant 1914 mais fermés lors de la grève de 1920, ils reprirent vie à la faveur de l’électrification. Le site devint en effet, jusqu’aux années 1990, un important atelier de locomotives électriques de la SNCF et le seul de cette catégorie sur la façade méditerranéenne. Cet article retraçant l’historique de l’établissement livre de nombreux détails sur son organisation, son personnel et ses équipements. Created at the end of the 19th century by the Cie du Midi on rights-of-way inherited from Graissessac railway, Béziers depot and workshops, whose buildings are today of definite heritage interest, adopted electric (1931) and diesel (1951) traction very early on. From the early 1950s, steam, electric and diesel locomotives coexisted at the depot, which also managed the metric track rolling stock of the Cerdanya line. As for the large rolling stock workshops, modernised before 1914 but closed during the strike of 1920, they took on a new lease of life thanks to electrification. Up until the 1990s, the site was used as a major SNCF (French Railway Board) electric locomotive workshop, the only one of its kind on the Mediterranean coast. This article retracing the history of the site provides much detail on organisation, staff and equipment.
- Published
- 2020
8. The impact of the railroad on American society: a communication perspective of technology
- Author
-
Jonathan Matusitz
- Subjects
Communication ,Railroad ,Society ,Technology ,Time ,Recreation. Leisure ,GV1-1860 - Abstract
This manuscript examines the railroad system as a combination of humans and machines that form a symbiosis, and explains how the railroad exerted a huge effect on American life when it made irrelevant the organic – following nature – time system that existed in cities and countries where clocks were set according to weather conditions. The author makes the point that the railroad is an organ of society, that it will evolve to serve the functions we demand, that it has molded and altered – but never replaced – contact between humans, and that it will continue to enhance and facilitate it. This manuscript analyzes the social, cross-cultural, psychological, and financial impact of the railroad on American so- ciety in the past two hundred years. The measure of progress in the United States is tantamount to the mass of things that had to be sacrificed to it.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. LE PATRIMOINE FERROVIAIRE BÂTI EN LIMOUSIN RURAL: Les leçons d'un inventaire général des bâtiments voyageurs.
- Author
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Desmichel, Pascal
- Abstract
The article discusses the railway network built in the rural areas of the Limousin region in France and its heritage with particular focus given to a field inventory which provides a comprehensive overview of the state of 189 bâtiment voyageurs (BV), or train station buildings used by passengers. It examines the evolutionary process and political implications of these historic buildings, aims to capture the stakes which impact these buildings in the 21th century, and demonstrates the importance of taking care of this underestimated rural railroad heritage. The public enterprise Réseau Ferré de France (RFF) which owns and maintains the French national railway network, including its buildings, since 1997 is mentioned.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Tobacco and railway. The cultural landscape of Vuelta Abajo in western Cuba
- Author
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Lloga Fernández, Rolando and Fontana, Giovanni Luigi
- Subjects
Cultural landscape ,Vuelta Abajo ,Tabac ,Tobacco ,Paesaggio culturale ,Cuba ,Railroad ,Chemin de fer ,Tabacco ,Ferrovia ,Paysage culturel - Published
- 2019
11. La noblesse de Normandie au XIXème siècle. : Du comportement socio-politique des membres de l'ancien Ordre et de son intégration au sein de la Nation
- Author
-
Paisnel, Etienne, Histoire, Territoires & Mémoires (HisTeMé ), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Normandie Université, and Michel Boivin
- Subjects
Nobility ,19th century ,Economy ,Learned society ,Ethnical group ,Normandy ,Sociological group ,Economie ,Politic ,Railroad ,histoire du monde ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Societe savante ,Politique ,Histoire et civilisations : histoire des mondes modernes - Abstract
The history of the nobility during the 19th century is a historiographical field less strudied by historians. The first of them were the one of David Higgs. Previously, the history of the post-revolutionary nobility was always envisaged as part of elites hystory, such as established by Louis Bergeron and Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret. To envisage the nobility of the specific subject 19th, it is necessary to exceed the balance assessment raisedby Karl Marx and Jean Jaures who wanted to see in the nobility the expression of a calcified society, which has disappeared during the revolutionary events.The first point to be solved is to find a definition of the nobility which allows to establish basis of not ambiguous work. So, the nobility of the 19th century is not any more the one of the Ancien Régime.It is not any more protected by statutes and privileges which she wished herself to rease. Consequently the nobility consists of men and women who have an ethnological consciousness to belong to a group having values and similar behavior.The geographical frame of the search is widened to the set of five Norman departments in order to find and follow the senses of identity of the nobility as well as the influence of bordering Paris.The period extends from 1789 till 1910 to seize all the variations of the political influence of the Norman nobility. The impact of each of the revolutions as well as the role of the nobility in the emergence of the revolutionary movements so enter the field of the study.In a related way will be envisaged the economic and intellectual influences of the nobility, in particular its role on the plans of railroads or on the Société des Antiquaires de Normandie.; L’histoire de la noblesse au cours du XIXeme siècle est un champ historiographique peu exploité par les historiens français. La première grande étude étant celle de David Higgs. Auparavant, l’histoire de la noblesse post-révolutionnaire a toujours été envisagée comme partie de l’histoire des élites telles qu’établie par Louis Bergeron et Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret. Pour envisager la noblesse du XIXeme sujet spécifique, il faut dépasser le bilan dressé par Karl Marx et Jean Jaures qui ont voulu voir dans la noblesse l’expression d’une société sclérosée disparue au cours des événements révolutionnaires.Le premier point à résoudre est de trouver une définition de la noblesse qui permette d’établir une base de travail non équivoque. Ainsi, la noblesse du XIXeme siècle n’est plus celle de l’Ancien Régime. Elle n’est plus protégée par des statuts et des privilèges qu’elle a souhaité elle-même supprimer. Par conséquent la noblesse est composée d’hommes et de femmes qui ont une conscience ethnologique d’appartenir à un groupe ayant des valeurs et des comportements similaires.Le cadre géographique de la recherche est élargi à l’ensemble des cinq départements normands afin de mieux repérer et suivre les particularismes de la noblesse ainsi que l’influence de Paris limitrophe avec la région.La période s’étend de 1789 à 1910 afin de saisir l’ensemble des variations de l’influence politique de la noblesse normande. L’impact de chacune des révolutions ainsi que le rôle de la noblesse dans l’émergence des mouvements révolutionnaires entrent ainsi dans le champ de l’étude.De manière connexes seront envisagés les influences économiques et intellectuelles de la noblesse, notamment son rôle sur les tracés de chemins de fer ou sur la Société des Antiquaires de Normandie.
- Published
- 2018
12. Nobility in Normandy during 19th century : Sociological and political character of the old regime Order's members and their integration in French Nation
- Author
-
Paisnel, Etienne, Histoire, Territoires & Mémoires (HisTeMé ), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Normandie Université, and Michel Boivin
- Subjects
Nobility ,19th century ,Economy ,Learned society ,Ethnical group ,Normandy ,Sociological group ,Economie ,Politic ,Railroad ,histoire du monde ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Societe savante ,Politique ,Histoire et civilisations : histoire des mondes modernes - Abstract
The history of the nobility during the 19th century is a historiographical field less strudied by historians. The first of them were the one of David Higgs. Previously, the history of the post-revolutionary nobility was always envisaged as part of elites hystory, such as established by Louis Bergeron and Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret. To envisage the nobility of the specific subject 19th, it is necessary to exceed the balance assessment raisedby Karl Marx and Jean Jaures who wanted to see in the nobility the expression of a calcified society, which has disappeared during the revolutionary events.The first point to be solved is to find a definition of the nobility which allows to establish basis of not ambiguous work. So, the nobility of the 19th century is not any more the one of the Ancien Régime.It is not any more protected by statutes and privileges which she wished herself to rease. Consequently the nobility consists of men and women who have an ethnological consciousness to belong to a group having values and similar behavior.The geographical frame of the search is widened to the set of five Norman departments in order to find and follow the senses of identity of the nobility as well as the influence of bordering Paris.The period extends from 1789 till 1910 to seize all the variations of the political influence of the Norman nobility. The impact of each of the revolutions as well as the role of the nobility in the emergence of the revolutionary movements so enter the field of the study.In a related way will be envisaged the economic and intellectual influences of the nobility, in particular its role on the plans of railroads or on the Société des Antiquaires de Normandie.; L’histoire de la noblesse au cours du XIXeme siècle est un champ historiographique peu exploité par les historiens français. La première grande étude étant celle de David Higgs. Auparavant, l’histoire de la noblesse post-révolutionnaire a toujours été envisagée comme partie de l’histoire des élites telles qu’établie par Louis Bergeron et Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret. Pour envisager la noblesse du XIXeme sujet spécifique, il faut dépasser le bilan dressé par Karl Marx et Jean Jaures qui ont voulu voir dans la noblesse l’expression d’une société sclérosée disparue au cours des événements révolutionnaires.Le premier point à résoudre est de trouver une définition de la noblesse qui permette d’établir une base de travail non équivoque. Ainsi, la noblesse du XIXeme siècle n’est plus celle de l’Ancien Régime. Elle n’est plus protégée par des statuts et des privilèges qu’elle a souhaité elle-même supprimer. Par conséquent la noblesse est composée d’hommes et de femmes qui ont une conscience ethnologique d’appartenir à un groupe ayant des valeurs et des comportements similaires.Le cadre géographique de la recherche est élargi à l’ensemble des cinq départements normands afin de mieux repérer et suivre les particularismes de la noblesse ainsi que l’influence de Paris limitrophe avec la région.La période s’étend de 1789 à 1910 afin de saisir l’ensemble des variations de l’influence politique de la noblesse normande. L’impact de chacune des révolutions ainsi que le rôle de la noblesse dans l’émergence des mouvements révolutionnaires entrent ainsi dans le champ de l’étude.De manière connexes seront envisagés les influences économiques et intellectuelles de la noblesse, notamment son rôle sur les tracés de chemins de fer ou sur la Société des Antiquaires de Normandie.
- Published
- 2018
13. L’Alaska Railroad Corporation : un modèle ferroviaire original aux confins des États-Unis entre diversification commerciale et stratégie touristique intégrée
- Author
-
Matthieu Schorung, Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport (LVMT ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), and École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)
- Subjects
transportation ,050210 logistics & transportation ,05 social sciences ,États-Unis ,lcsh:G1-922 ,chemin de fer ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,United States ,tourisme ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,0502 economics and business ,transport ,tourism ,railroad ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Alaska ,lcsh:Geography (General) - Abstract
L’Alaska Railroad Corporation (ARRC) constitue un modèle ferroviaire unique aux États-Unis : compagnie publique détenue par l’État de l’Alaska, unité des services de fret et de passagers, stratégie financière diversifiée. Le chemin de fer a permis l’ouverture au peuplement et à l’exploitation de l’Alaska. Ce mode de transport est aujourd’hui un acteur majeur de son système de transport. Par ailleurs, sa stratégie touristique fait de l’ARRC un acteur à part entière de la mise en tourisme et de la valorisation de l’Alaska. Il s’agit, à travers cet article, d’analyser les caractéristiques propres à cette compagnie et les fondements de sa réussite, et de considérer la stratégie de l’ARRC comme un facteur structurant des dynamiques économiques et territoriales actuelles de l’Alaska. The Alaska Railroad Corporation – ARRC – is a unique railway model in the United States: a public company owned by the State of Alaska, the not-divided freight and passenger services, a multifaceted financial strategy. This rail line has enabled the settlement and the exploitation of Alaska. This transportation mode is nowadays a key actor in the Alaskan transport system. Moreover, its tourism strategy makes the ARRC a leading player in the development of tourism and the enhancement of Alaska. This article aims to analyze the main characteristics of the company and the components of its success and to count the ARRC strategy as a structuring factor of the current economic and territorial dynamics in Alaska.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. COLONIAL EXPLOITATION IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ROAD AND RAILROAD OF IVORY COAST COLONY IN 1893-1960
- Author
-
BROU, Konan Alain, BROU, KONAN ALAIN, Département Forestier, and Centre National de Recherche Agronomique
- Subjects
Road ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Colony ,Railroad ,France ,Exploitation ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Ivory Coast ,Wealth - Abstract
By the decree of March 10th, 1893 which made Ivory Coast a colony in the hands of France, the colonial administration set up very rapidly a dynamic policy and rational exploitation of the wealth of this prosperous colony. To achieve this, it was necessary to propose the construction of economic infrastructures such as road and railroad. These means of transport and communication have boomed during this period, by the will of the colonizer draining in acceptable conditions the natural productions, agricultural and mining, of the various zones of territory towards the points of exports for the metropolis., Par le décret du 10 mars 1893 qui a fait de la Côte d'Ivoire une colonie aux mains de la France, l'administration coloniale a mis en place très rapidement une dynamique et rationnelle politique d'exploitation des richesses de cette colonie prospère. Pour y parvenir, il a fallu mettre en avant la construction des infrastructures économiques comme la route et le chemin de fer. Ces moyens de transports et de communications ont connu un essor durant cette période, par la volonté du colonisateur de drainer dans des conditions acceptables les productions naturelles, agricoles et minières, des différentes zones du territoire vers les points d'exportations pour la métropole. Summary By the decree of March 10 th , 1893 which made Ivory Coast a colony in the hands of France, the colonial administration set up very rapidly a dynamic policy and rational exploitation of the wealth of this prosperous colony. To achieve this, it was necessary to propose the construction of economic infrastructures such as road and railroad. These means of transport and communication have boomed during this period, by the will of the colonizer draining in acceptable conditions the natural productions, agricultural and mining, of the various zones of territory towards the points of exports for the metropolis.
- Published
- 2015
15. Vistas fotográficas das ferrovias: a produção de registros de obra pública no Brasil do século XIX
- Author
-
Eduardo Romero Oliveira
- Subjects
civil engineering ,photography ,Marc Ferrez (1843-1923 ,nineteenth century ,railroad ,History of medicine. Medical expeditions ,R131-687 - Abstract
Resumo O artigo analisa como a engenharia ferroviária articulou-se com a produção de fotografias no Brasil em meados do século XIX. A hipótese é a de que as exigências crescentes na execução de obras e o novo conhecimento cartográfico demandaram mais registros visuais, o que foi suprido e potencializado com o surgimento das técnicas fotográficas. Levantaram-se informações sobre registros fotográficos das estradas de ferro produzidos no Brasil após a década de 1850, a fim de analisar as características dessas imagens. A análise foi aprofundada numa série de fotografias de Marc Ferrez, por ter o maior volume de vistas ferroviárias atualmente acessível, o que possibilitou o reconhecimento de padrões nessas imagens a ponto de identificá-las como “registro fotográfico de obra”.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The long march toward a multimodal management of public transportation in the Interwar period Czechoslovakia
- Author
-
Oliva, Jan, Oliva, Jan, Centre d'études des mondes moderne et contemporain (CEMMC), and Université Bordeaux Montaigne
- Subjects
Tchécoslovaquie ,Freight Transport ,Histoire des transports ,Chemin de fer ,Intermodalité des transports ,Europe ,Czechoslovakia ,Entre-deux-guerres ,Transport fluvial ,Automobile ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Railroad ,Transport policy ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Aviation - Abstract
My aim is to try and examine the evolution of the organization of the public transport (road, railway, water and air) in Czechoslovakia using the concept of intermodality, which is the central thread of my research. The main attention will be given to the road and railway transport, their relationship and their slow integration in the framework of the Czechoslovak Railway Ministry.In the first days after the creation of the Czechoslovakian State, on October 28th, 1918, the priority and main effort of the government was making the country secure, allowing the daily life to go on in peace. This objective meant that the transport networks, and especially the railways, continued to run smoothly.In the first period of the State, the whole legislative body coming from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was transposed into the new conditions. Therefore, it remained valid until the new republic would be able to replace it by its own laws, more adapted to its needs as a modern state.In parallel, the Austro-Hungarian administrative structure was transposed as well. This meant, for the transport sector, a ministry dedicated exclusively to the railways, and all other transport modes being scattered among other and various department. This kind of scheme was immediately criticized as outdated. Consequently, the whole interwar period was marked out by regular tentative reforms., La Tchécoslovaquie fut fondée le 28 octobre 1918 sur les ruines de l'empire austro-hongrois. La partie occidentale du nouvel État (en particulier la Bohème centrale, l'arc frontalier septentrional, la Moravie du Nord) possédait une industrie développée qui avait été traditionnellement exportatrice de produits manufacturés au sein du « marché commun » de la double Monarchie. À l'issue de la Grande Guerre, elle se retrouva brutalement privée de ses débouchés et dans une situation économique critique. Au temps de l'Autriche-Hongrie, ses usines approvisionnaient les vastes régions rurales de la Monarchie et ses deux capitales, Vienne et Budapest, en utilisant le réseau ferré adapté en conséquence. L'économie austro-hongroise fonctionnait dans une large mesure en vase clos. En ce qui concerne les échanges en provenance de l'outre-mer, la Monarchie disposait de ports maritimes sur la côte Adriatique (dont le plus important fut Trieste), lui assurant un trafic de marchandises sans l'intermédiaire de pays étrangers. Cette donne changea à l'issue de la Grande Guerre. La Tchécoslovaquie devint un pays intérieur, très éloigné des ports maritimes (la distance séparant Prague de Trieste était d'environ 830 km, de Stettin d'environ 530 km, de Hambourg d'environ 700 km). Ce handicap fut par la suite atténué par les traités de paix. Cependant, la situation géographique centrale en Europe et la forme longitudinale du pays représentaient également un avantage stratégique. Les hommes politiques et les économistes comptaient sur le fait que leur pays serait traversé par d'importants flux de transit du commerce international. Ils espéraient pouvoir conserver deux anciens couloirs de transit austro-hongrois : l'axe Berlin-Prague-Vienne et l'axe Galicie-Ostrava-Brno-Vienne qui correspondaient respectivement à la liaison la plus courte entre Berlin et Vienne, les deux anciennes capitales d'empires « amis » et au vieil axe ferroviaire ayant relié les régions industrielles et minières les plus anciennes de la Transleithanie à leur capitale. Prague, la capitale tchécoslovaque, par sa situation géographique et la volonté politique des Alliés, convoitait le rôle d'important noeud de transport en Europe centrale.
- Published
- 2012
17. La politique des transports en Tchécoslovaquie de l’entre-deux-guerres : à la recherche d’un nouvel équilibre dans un contexte de concurrence intermodale
- Author
-
OLIVA, Jan, Centre d'études des mondes moderne et contemporain (CEMMC), and Université Bordeaux Montaigne
- Subjects
Tchécoslovaquie ,Freight Transport ,Histoire des transports ,Chemin de fer ,Intermodalité des transports ,Europe ,Czechoslovakia ,Entre-deux-guerres ,Automobile ,Transport fluvial ,Railroad ,Transport policy ,Aviation ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History - Abstract
International audience; My aim is to try and examine the evolution of the organization of the public transport (road, railway, water and air) in Czechoslovakia using the concept of intermodality, which is the central thread of my research. The main attention will be given to the road and railway transport, their relationship and their slow integration in the framework of the Czechoslovak Railway Ministry.In the first days after the creation of the Czechoslovakian State, on October 28th, 1918, the priority and main effort of the government was making the country secure, allowing the daily life to go on in peace. This objective meant that the transport networks, and especially the railways, continued to run smoothly.In the first period of the State, the whole legislative body coming from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was transposed into the new conditions. Therefore, it remained valid until the new republic would be able to replace it by its own laws, more adapted to its needs as a modern state.In parallel, the Austro-Hungarian administrative structure was transposed as well. This meant, for the transport sector, a ministry dedicated exclusively to the railways, and all other transport modes being scattered among other and various department. This kind of scheme was immediately criticized as outdated. Consequently, the whole interwar period was marked out by regular tentative reforms.; La Tchécoslovaquie fut fondée le 28 octobre 1918 sur les ruines de l'empire austro-hongrois. La partie occidentale du nouvel État (en particulier la Bohème centrale, l'arc frontalier septentrional, la Moravie du Nord) possédait une industrie développée qui avait été traditionnellement exportatrice de produits manufacturés au sein du « marché commun » de la double Monarchie. À l'issue de la Grande Guerre, elle se retrouva brutalement privée de ses débouchés et dans une situation économique critique. Au temps de l'Autriche-Hongrie, ses usines approvisionnaient les vastes régions rurales de la Monarchie et ses deux capitales, Vienne et Budapest, en utilisant le réseau ferré adapté en conséquence. L'économie austro-hongroise fonctionnait dans une large mesure en vase clos. En ce qui concerne les échanges en provenance de l'outre-mer, la Monarchie disposait de ports maritimes sur la côte Adriatique (dont le plus important fut Trieste), lui assurant un trafic de marchandises sans l'intermédiaire de pays étrangers. Cette donne changea à l'issue de la Grande Guerre. La Tchécoslovaquie devint un pays intérieur, très éloigné des ports maritimes (la distance séparant Prague de Trieste était d'environ 830 km, de Stettin d'environ 530 km, de Hambourg d'environ 700 km). Ce handicap fut par la suite atténué par les traités de paix. Cependant, la situation géographique centrale en Europe et la forme longitudinale du pays représentaient également un avantage stratégique. Les hommes politiques et les économistes comptaient sur le fait que leur pays serait traversé par d'importants flux de transit du commerce international. Ils espéraient pouvoir conserver deux anciens couloirs de transit austro-hongrois : l'axe Berlin-Prague-Vienne et l'axe Galicie-Ostrava-Brno-Vienne qui correspondaient respectivement à la liaison la plus courte entre Berlin et Vienne, les deux anciennes capitales d'empires « amis » et au vieil axe ferroviaire ayant relié les régions industrielles et minières les plus anciennes de la Transleithanie à leur capitale. Prague, la capitale tchécoslovaque, par sa situation géographique et la volonté politique des Alliés, convoitait le rôle d'important noeud de transport en Europe centrale.
- Published
- 2012
18. Evaluación de la vida residual de los puentes ferroviarios metálicos antiguos
- Author
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Jiménez Carrión, Matias, Mirambell Arrizabalaga, Enrique, Davaine, Laurence, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria de la Construcció
- Subjects
évaluation de la durée de vie ,ferroviaire ,Ponts métalliques ,assemblages rivetés ,Enginyeria civil::Materials i estructures::Materials i estructures metàl·liques [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Bridges ,Ponts de ferrocarril ,Enginyeria civil [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Building, Iron and steel ,rupture ,Ponts metàl·lics ,Railroad ,fatigue ,Construccions metàl·liques -- Durabilitat - Abstract
Le parc d’ouvrages d’art du reseau ferroviaire francais comporte aujourd’hui une part importante de ponts metalliques anciens (plus de 80 ans). Une gestion optimisee de ce patrimoine est necessaire. Elle suppose de savoir evaluer de maniere suffisamment precise, la duree de vie residuelle d’un pont metallique existant, en tenant compte de son histoire (trafic supporte, materiau, reparation eventuelle, etc) et en raffinant les methodes de calcul appliquees.
- Published
- 2010
19. L’Alaska Railroad Corporation : un modèle ferroviaire original aux confins des États-Unis entre diversification commerciale et stratégie touristique intégrée
- Author
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Matthieu Schorung
- Subjects
United States ,tourism ,transportation ,Alaska ,railroad ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
The Alaska Railroad Corporation – ARRC – is a unique railway model in the United States: a public company owned by the State of Alaska, the not-divided freight and passenger services, a multifaceted financial strategy. This rail line has enabled the settlement and the exploitation of Alaska. This transportation mode is nowadays a key actor in the Alaskan transport system. Moreover, its tourism strategy makes the ARRC a leading player in the development of tourism and the enhancement of Alaska. This article aims to analyze the main characteristics of the company and the components of its success and to count the ARRC strategy as a structuring factor of the current economic and territorial dynamics in Alaska.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Chemins de civilisation ? Le rail dans les politiques territoriales en Afrique du Sud
- Author
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Baffi, Solène
- Published
- 2014
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