28 results on '"public support"'
Search Results
2. Status of Day Care in Canada 1978: A Review of the Major Findings of the National Day Care Study 1978.
- Author
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National Day Care Information Centre, Ottawa (Ontario).
- Abstract
This paper, presented in both English and French, reviews the major findings of the 1978 National Day Care Study in Canada. Among the findings: (1) the number of spaces in day care increased slightly (from 81,651 in 1977 to 82,279 in 1978); this increase is attributable to the expansion of family day care: while spaces in day care centers decreased from 1977 to 1978 by 160l, family day care spaces increased by 2229 over 1977; (2) more than three-quarters of the children enrolled in day care centers are between the ages of 2 and 6; (3) an estimated 5.73% of children under age 2 of working mothers and 12.65% of children between age 2 and 6 of working mothers are enrolled in day care, but only .39% of children age 6 and over (but under 15 years of age) of working mothers are enrolled in day care; (4) about half of all the day care spaces in Canada are being subsidized, and about 95% of all the children in non-profit centers are subsidized. Field observations suggest that the status of day care in 1979 will remain substantially unchanged over 1978. (MP)
- Published
- 1979
3. Les soutiens publics à l’agriculture et à l’alimentation
- Author
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Abdoul Fattath Tapsoba and Matthieu Brun
- Subjects
agriculture ,public policies ,public support ,subsidies ,agroecology ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Based on data from the Global Observatory of Public Support for Agriculture and Food, this article aims to analyze and understand the current functioning of public support, while assessing the extent to which it is effectively oriented towards the promotion of sustainable agricultural systems. Through a political economy analysis of public support, we will show the differences in support and the lack of tools and financed mechanisms to accelerate agricultural transitions at the global level.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. LA DROITE MONTCELLIENNE DE LA CHUTE DES CHAGOT À LA DEUXIÈME GUERRE MONDIALE (1900-1939).
- Author
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MARCHANDEAU, Roger
- Subjects
ELECTIONS ,RIGHT-wing extremism ,SOCIALISTS ,PUBLIC support - Abstract
The article focuses on the political shifts in Montceau from 1900 to 1939, specifically highlighting the unexpected victory of Claude Martin in the 1934 election. Topics include the diverse alliances formed, the role of extreme right-wing forces, and the subsequent challenges faced by the socialist leaders. Despite the victory, the article outlines Martin's controversial actions as mayor, leading to the erosion of public support and a resurgence of socialist influence in subsequent elections.
- Published
- 2023
5. 'THEY FINALLY REALIZED WHO MILOŠEVIĆ IS': CROATIA AND THE NATO INTERVENTION IN FR YUGOSLAVIA 1999
- Author
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Vladimir Filipović
- Subjects
intervention 1999 ,croatia ,franjo tuđman ,public support ,History of Eastern Europe ,DJK1-77 - Abstract
This article analyzes the views on the intervention from the perspective of different actors in one of the states in the region, Croatia. Drawing on the national media archives as well as president Tuđman’s archive, the paper focuses on the views of the following actors: (i) the media and the public, (ii) state officials, (iii) the opposition, and (iv) ethnic minorities. This allows for an exploration of a variety of positions, views and different interests which motivated reactions ranging from wholehearted support to reluctance, and even opposition to the intervention among different actors. The continuous media support for the intervention, shared by the ruling party and opposition at the beginning of the intervention later turned into reluctance on the side of the government, which became concerned with the intervention’s consequences and potential negative impact. The paper concludes by contrasting the emotional satisfaction among the intervention’s supporters with the political and economic concerns regarding the destabilizing effects of the intervention for the Croatian regime, pointing out the complex relations and ties among countries in the region and their citizens.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Le rôle de certaines figures d'insistance utilisées dans le débat télévisé entre Macron et Le Pen le 3 mai 2017.
- Author
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Ali, Rayyan Hussien and Watheq, Jinan Mohammed
- Subjects
FIGURES of speech ,DISCOURSE analysis ,PRESIDENTIAL candidates ,PUBLIC support ,POLITICAL parties ,INTELLIGIBILITY of speech ,PRESIDENTIAL elections - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of College of Languages is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. L'émergence d'un cluster viticole chinois ou l'obsession de la domestication du vivant.
- Author
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Pétrie, Boris
- Subjects
PUBLIC support ,PUBLIC sector ,WINES ,VINEYARDS ,DESIRE - Abstract
Copyright of Ethnologie Française is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Conséquences de la pandémie sur la santé psychologique de l’entrepreneur : les soutiens publics permettent-ils d’éviter le pire ?
- Author
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St-Jean, Étienne and Tremblay, Maripier
- Abstract
Copyright of Revue Internationale PME is the property of Institue de Recherche sur les PME and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Dispersion et impact des panaches de fumées d'incendies industriels : le cas de Lubrizol.
- Author
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Rouïl, Laurence, Tognet, Frédéric, Meleux, Frédérik, Colette, Augustin, Leroy, Guillaume, and Truchot, Benjamin
- Subjects
SMOKE plumes ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,FIRE management ,PUBLIC support ,CRISIS management ,SMOKE - Abstract
Résumé: Cet article expose, à travers l'exemple des travaux scientifiques menés dans le cadre de la gestion de l'incendie de l'usine Lubrizol (Rouen) en septembre 2019, les enjeux associés à la modélisation de la dispersion des panaches de fumées générés par les accidents industriels de grande ampleur. Selon la nature des composés chimiques transportés par ces panaches, les conséquences en termes d'impacts environnementaux et sanitaires sont plus ou moins importantes et diffèrent dans l'espace et dans le temps. Nous proposons une classification des questionnements suscités par la gestion d'une situation d'urgence environnementale (phases accidentelle et post-accidentelle) et une revue des outils de simulation numériques mobilisables pour y répondre. La valeur ajoutée de ces modèles et leurs limites sont discutées. Le cas de l'incendie de Rouen en septembre 2019 est particulièrement instructif à ce titre puisque les différentes approches ont été mises en œuvre et questionnées par l'Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (Ineris), qui fut mobilisé auprès des pouvoirs publics pendant toute la crise. Il a permis de mettre en exergue la maturité des modèles et leurs incertitudes pour simuler des conditions réelles, en particulier celles liées au terme source. De fait, leur mise en œuvre en situation d'urgence se justifie avant tout par une logique de surveillance des impacts plutôt que d'évaluation de risques. This article uses the example of the scientific study of the management of the fire in the Lubrizol plant (Rouen) in September 2019, to examine the issues associated with dispersion modeling of large-scale industrial smoke plumes. Its environmental and health consequences depend on the nature of the chemical compounds transported by these plumes and vary in space and time. A classification of the questions raised by environmental emergencies (accident and post-accident phases) and a review of simulation tools that can be used to respond to them are proposed. The added value of such models and their limitations are discussed. The case of the Rouen fire in September 2019 is particularly instructive in this regard since the different approaches have been implemented and analyzed by Ineris, the French national institute for industrial environment and risks, which supported public authorities during the crisis. The article highlights the maturity of the models, and their inconsistencies when used in real-life conditions, in particular, those related to the source term. In fact, their implementation in emergency situations is more appropriate for monitoring impacts than for risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Impact de la pandémie COVID-19 sur la vaccination des enfants au Maroc: enquête électronique auprès de 103 pédiatres.
- Author
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Chekhlabi, Nabila, Arrab, Raja, Ettair, Said, and Dini, Nouzha
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *HEALTH boards , *VACCINATION of children , *PUBLIC support , *COVID-19 vaccines - Abstract
Introduction: no one can deny that vaccination against several serious diseases in the world, and particularly in Morocco, has given very satisfactory protective results. The extension of the COVID-19 pandemic in our country has led to a significant decline in childhood immunization, which could have severe repercussions increasing the risk of future outbreaks. Hence, the measures of the Ministry of Health to correct the situation. The purpose of this study was to highlight the extent of vaccine release during COVID-19 pandemic and to make recommendations to restore vaccination programmes. Methods: we conducted a crosssectional study of the effect of containment measures during this pandemic on the monitoring of children´s vaccinations. We conducted a national survey of pediatricians using an electronic questionnaire administered via Google Forms. We collected, analyzed and interpreted the results. Results: one hundred and three Moroccan pediatricians answered the questionnaire. More than 2-thirds (78.6%) of pediatricians practiced in the private sector and delivered vaccines in the immunization schedule. The majority of pediatricians (95%) were asked about parental vaccine concerns. We noted that 82.5% of parents were reluctant to go to the local health department and 5.8% refused to take vaccination during COVID-19 pandemic. About 22% of pediatricians completely stopped immunization services and 72.8% delayed immunizations from 3 to 4 weeks. Vaccination stoppage involved older children in two thirds of cases. Conclusion: it is essential to maintain public confidence in vaccination. Ongoing and timely assessment of vaccine coverage as well as clear recommendations and broad public awareness are essential to respond to vaccine changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. « IL FAUT DE L'INSTINCT ET DU SANG-FROID ».
- Author
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DOUMID, CATHERINE
- Subjects
PUBLIC support ,MASS media ,TRUST - Abstract
An interview with Catherine Doumid, the Director of Communication at Radio France, is presented. She discussed the challenge of rebuilding trust in the media amid low public confidence levels and emphasized Radio France's commitment to transparency and accountability. She mentioned various initiatives undertaken by Radio France to engage with the audience, including publicizing journalistic principles, sharing behind-the-scenes videos, and organizing direct dialogues with listeners.
- Published
- 2024
12. Comment les politiques publiques favorisent-elles les dynamiques collaboratives d'innovation ? Analyse du management de l'intermédiation territoriale.
- Author
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BOURDIN, Sébastien, NADOU, Fabien, and OBERMÖLLER, Anna
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC literature ,INNOVATION management ,PUBLIC support ,GOVERNMENT policy ,MANAGEMENT science - Abstract
Copyright of Revue d'Économie Régionale & urbaine is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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13. Le « noyau dur » de la politique familiale : l'enfant. Analyse du cas français.
- Author
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MESSU, MICHEL
- Subjects
FAMILY policy ,PUBLIC support ,GOVERNMENT policy ,SECONDARY analysis ,REPUBLICANS - Abstract
Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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14. Quand l'État social s'adapte aux artistes. Les contreparties d'une prise en charge institutionnelle sur mesure.
- Author
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Sigalo Santos, Luc
- Subjects
WELFARE state ,INSTITUTIONAL care ,LABOR market ,PUBLIC welfare policy ,PUBLIC support - Abstract
Copyright of Sociologie de l' Art is the property of L'Harmattan Edition Diffusion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
15. Le rôle des proximités dans la construction des registres de la confiance à travers le cas des relations mairie-usagers citoyens.
- Author
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DUPUIS, JÉRÔME, CARTON, ANTOINE, and POL, STÉPHANE SAINT
- Subjects
MUNICIPAL services ,PUBLIC support ,CITIES & towns ,TRUST ,PUBLIC institutions - Abstract
Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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16. Intégration européenne et Etats-nations: Contraintes et opportunités à la lumière des attentes des citoyens.
- Author
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Stephanou, Constantin
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL organization , *EUROPEAN integration , *LEGITIMACY of governments , *PUBLIC support , *NATION-state - Abstract
Public support for the European integration process, often referred to as output legitimacy, has traditionally been associated with its contribution to the security and well-being of affected citizens. Institutional reforms aimed at enhancing input legitimacy and democratic contestation have led to the emergence of political forces which are hostile to the European project and its institutional underpinnings. More importantly, however, the capacity of the EU and governing elites to deal effectively with the current challenges, whether internal or external, is put into question by both opponents and supporters of the European project. Our contribution looks at the challenges and responses, with special reference to the decline of global governance and its consequences for the European Union. Will citizens support a more assertive and protective Union or will they seek salvation in their respective nation-states? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
17. Oversimplifying Iraq's challenges: Bush's Fort Bragg speech and americans' declining support for the war
- Author
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Carlos L. Yordan
- Subjects
George W. Bush ,post-war Iraq ,presidential leadership ,public support ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
Este artículo examina el porqué el presidente George W. Bush no pudo recolectar la ayuda de la ciudadanía americana para su estrategia para la estabilización y la transformación de Iraq. De hecho, esta estrategia ha sido afectada por el desplegar de los acontecimientos que sucedieron en Iraq, pero el problema principal reside en las posiciones que el presidente utilizó para simplificar los desafíos que el ejército americano y la diplomacia tenían que hacer frente en Iraq, buscando la aprobación de las criticas periodisticas, de los expertos gubernamentales y de los juristas. En más de una perspectiva la falta de aprobación del gobierno Bush en Iraq es una consecuencia de la carencia de la confianza que la opinión pública tuvo por su presidente y sus consejeros para lograr sus objetivos en Iraq. Para constatar esta tesis, el artículo analiza el discurso del presidente a la nación, difundida en horario de punta el 28 de julio de 2005, que demuestra que los americanos no estaban demasiado convencidos de la estrategia de Bush._____________ABSTRACT:This article puts in context why President of the United States of America George W. Bush has been unable to rally American support for his strategy to stabilize and transform Iraq. Since the summer of 2003, when Iraqis started to challenge the authority of the Anglo-American occupation, the White House has been on the defensive, while American support for post-war efforts has dwindled. While developments in Iraq have affected the strategy’s execution, the main problem is the president’s inclination to oversimplify the challenges American troops and diplomats are facing in Iraq, inviting criticism from journalists, experts on nation-building and lawmakers. In many ways, declining approval of Bush’s handling of Iraq results in the public’s lack of confidence that the president and his advisors will be able to accomplish its goals in Iraq. To test this argument, the article analyzes the president’s address to the nation, delivered primetime on June 28, 2005, showing how Americans are not convinced of the soundness of Bush’s strategy.
- Published
- 2009
18. Politique publique et développement des chaînes alimentaires courtes de proximité : une analyse des PDR de la Région Occitanie
- Author
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Fredéric Wallet and Melise Dantas Machado Bouroullec
- Subjects
soutien public ,public support ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Social Sciences ,proximity ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,PAC ,CAP ,Environmental sciences ,circuits courts ,short local chains ,Political science ,Occitanie ,proximité ,GE1-350 ,politique de développement rural ,Humanities ,rural development policy ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Cet article analyse la place des chaînes alimentaires courtes de proximité dans la politique de développement rural (PDR) en Occitanie. L’analyse textuelle des PDR Midi-Pyrénées et Languedoc-Roussillon 2014-2020 et de leurs respectifs appels à projets, permet d’identifier les mesures d’appui aux CACP. Les résultats soulignent un soutien timide mais plus marqué en Languedoc-Roussillon. Les contours de la future PAC (baisse du budget, passage à un plan stratégique national unique…) conditionneront l’autonomie laissée aux Régions pour définir des mesures de soutien aux CACP adaptées aux exigences locales. En plus des soutiens aux investissements physiques, à l’installation et à la coopération, les formations et la mise en réseaux des acteurs du territoire devraient être appuyées. This article analyzes the place of short local chains (SLC) in rural development policy (RDP) in Occitanie Region. We identify measures related to SLCs through a textual analysis of the Midi-Pyrenees and Languedoc-Roussillon 2014-2020 PDRs and their respective calls for projects. The results underline a timid support but more marked in Languedoc-Roussillon. The contours of the future CAP (decrease in the budget, transition to a single national strategic plan, etc.) will condition the autonomy left to the Regions to define support measures for SLCs adapted to local requirements. In addition to support for physical investments, installation and cooperation, training and networking of actors in the territory should be supported.
- Published
- 2021
19. Entre solidarité résidentielle, sentiments et soutiens publics : les relations de parenté dans le Liberté à Nanterre.
- Author
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Manceron, Vanessa
- Subjects
PARENTING research ,SOCIAL conditions in France ,SOLIDARITY ,CITY dwellers - Abstract
The article discusses parenting relations in the "Liberté" building in the French city of Nanterre, with a focus on solidarity within the residence and public sentiment and support. Topics include background on the building and its location, parenting in an urban environment, and the Liberté building as a place of solidarity.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Economic Impact of a Cultural Activity as a Public-Support Argument: Definition and Validity Conditions.
- Author
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Nicolas, Yann
- Subjects
ECONOMIC impact ,CULTURAL activities ,PUBLIC support ,ECONOMIC research ,CONSTITUENTS (Persons) ,DEFINITIONS ,TRUTHFULNESS & falsehood ,EMPIRICAL research ,HYPOTHESIS ,ORGANIZATIONAL legitimacy - Abstract
Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
21. REPRÉSENTATION «MIROIR» ET DÉMOCRATIE LE TIRAGE AU SORT DANS LES JURYS CITOYENS BERLINOIS.
- Author
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Röcke, Anja
- Subjects
POLITICAL participation ,PUBLIC support ,REPRESENTATIVE government ,ACTIVISTS ,POLITICAL doctrines - Abstract
Copyright of Politique et Sociétés is the property of Politique et Societes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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22. Le Mittelstand et le pragmatisme allemand : un début de solution pour le cas des PME françaises ?
- Author
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Bleuel, Petra, Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion (GREDEG), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and GFI
- Subjects
soutien public ,[QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin] ,PME - ETI ,public support ,écosystème allemand ,JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M1 - Business Administration/M.M1.M14 - Corporate Culture • Diversity • Social Responsibility ,deutsches Ökosystem ,JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior/L.L2.L20 - General ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O2 - Development Planning and Policy/O.O2.O25 - Industrial Policy ,staatliche Unterstützung ,Soziale Marktwirtschaft ,KMU mittlere Unternehmen ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D2 - Production and Organizations/D.D2.D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory ,social market economy ,SME midsized firms ,économie de marché sociale ,JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior/L.L2.L26 - Entrepreneurship ,mittelständische Unternehmen ,German ecosystem ,Mittelstand - Abstract
International audience; Die aktuelle Entwicklung der deutschen Wirtschaft ist das Ergebnis wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Entscheidungen die von mittelständischen Unternehmen und Großunternehmen getragen wird. Der Mittelstand wird nicht durch eine bestimmte Größe bestimmt, sondern durch ein unternehmerisches Konzept, das auf Werten, einer Geisteshaltung und einer spezifischen Governance des jeweiligen Unternehmens basiert ist, und sich in einem spezifischen Ökosystem entwickelt. Aufgrund dieser Besonderheiten erweist sich die Reproduktion dieses Modells als unmöglich. Die französischen Behörden könnten sich jedoch von bestimmten Elementen der Unterstützung der deutschen KMU inspirieren lassen.; The current performance of the German economy is the result of economic and social choices driven by the Mittelstand and large companies. The Mittelstand, cannot be determined by a specific size but by an entrepreneurial concept based on values, a state of mind and a specific company governance evolving in a specific ecosystem. Because of these peculiarities, the reproduction of this model is not possible. However, French authorities could draw inspiration from certain elements of support devoted to German SMEs.; Le Mittelstand et le pragmatisme allemand : un début de solution pour le cas des PME françaises ?Les performances actuelles de l’économie allemande sont la résultante de choix économiques et sociales portés par le Mittelstand et les grandes entreprises. Le Mittelstand, ne se détermine pas par une taille spécifique mais par un concept entrepreneurial fondé sur des valeurs, un état d’esprit et une gouvernance de l’entreprise particulière évoluant dans un écosystème spécifique. En raison de ces particularités, la reproduction de ce modèle s’avère impossible. Cependant, les autorités françaises pourraient s’inspirer de certains éléments de soutien consacré aux PME allemandes.
- Published
- 2018
23. Der Mittelstand und der deutsche Pragmatismus - ein Lösungsansatz für den Fall französischer KMU?
- Author
-
Bleuel, Petra, Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion (GREDEG), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and GFI
- Subjects
soutien public ,[QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin] ,PME - ETI ,public support ,écosystème allemand ,JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M1 - Business Administration/M.M1.M14 - Corporate Culture • Diversity • Social Responsibility ,deutsches Ökosystem ,JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior/L.L2.L20 - General ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O2 - Development Planning and Policy/O.O2.O25 - Industrial Policy ,staatliche Unterstützung ,Soziale Marktwirtschaft ,KMU mittlere Unternehmen ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D2 - Production and Organizations/D.D2.D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory ,social market economy ,SME midsized firms ,économie de marché sociale ,JEL: L - Industrial Organization/L.L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior/L.L2.L26 - Entrepreneurship ,mittelständische Unternehmen ,German ecosystem ,Mittelstand - Abstract
International audience; Die aktuelle Entwicklung der deutschen Wirtschaft ist das Ergebnis wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Entscheidungen die von mittelständischen Unternehmen und Großunternehmen getragen wird. Der Mittelstand wird nicht durch eine bestimmte Größe bestimmt, sondern durch ein unternehmerisches Konzept, das auf Werten, einer Geisteshaltung und einer spezifischen Governance des jeweiligen Unternehmens basiert ist, und sich in einem spezifischen Ökosystem entwickelt. Aufgrund dieser Besonderheiten erweist sich die Reproduktion dieses Modells als unmöglich. Die französischen Behörden könnten sich jedoch von bestimmten Elementen der Unterstützung der deutschen KMU inspirieren lassen.; The current performance of the German economy is the result of economic and social choices driven by the Mittelstand and large companies. The Mittelstand, cannot be determined by a specific size but by an entrepreneurial concept based on values, a state of mind and a specific company governance evolving in a specific ecosystem. Because of these peculiarities, the reproduction of this model is not possible. However, French authorities could draw inspiration from certain elements of support devoted to German SMEs.; Le Mittelstand et le pragmatisme allemand : un début de solution pour le cas des PME françaises ?Les performances actuelles de l’économie allemande sont la résultante de choix économiques et sociales portés par le Mittelstand et les grandes entreprises. Le Mittelstand, ne se détermine pas par une taille spécifique mais par un concept entrepreneurial fondé sur des valeurs, un état d’esprit et une gouvernance de l’entreprise particulière évoluant dans un écosystème spécifique. En raison de ces particularités, la reproduction de ce modèle s’avère impossible. Cependant, les autorités françaises pourraient s’inspirer de certains éléments de soutien consacré aux PME allemandes.
- Published
- 2018
24. Is it sufficient to increase the performance of French SMEs on drawing inspiration on the 'German model' ? : A comparative analysis between France and Germany
- Author
-
Bleuel, Petra, Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion (GREDEG), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, I3S, France, and Joël Thomas Ravix
- Subjects
Industriepolitik ,soutien public ,industry ,gouvernance ,public support ,SME ,industrie ,entrepreneurship ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Unterstützung ,firm performance ,politique industrielle ,firm growth ,governance ,Geschäftswachstum ,performance et croissance des entreprises ,PME ,Geschäftsleistung ,Mittelstand - Abstract
French and German SME belong to a category of firms which stand out from an important heterogeneity. Due to the wide variety of companies which compose the category of SMES, an overall theoretical framework hasn’t been defined. These firms are not only distinguished from large companies by their small size but also by their greater flexibility and reactivity, their proximity to their customers and close localized links with suppliers etc. Additionally, there is also a difference between SMEs according to their home country. Several reports have highlighted the difference of French SMEs and those of the German Mittelstand. The latter would be larger in size, more innovative and more active internationally than their French counterparts. These reports also show that France could have superior performance in terms of growth, employment, competitiveness and international activities if we could generate a French Mittelstand supporting SMEs through targeted measures. Contrary to the idea we have of the German Mittelstand, it does not boil down to a category of companies identifiable by their size, but rather to a concept based on an entrepreneurial culture favored by the German ecosystem. Our analysis focuses first on these companies constituting the Mittelstand to highlight their characteristics and their differences compared to French SMEs.In a second step, our study focuses on the support that SMEs in both countries benefit and to what extent one could draw inspiration from the German support or model to increase the performance of French SMEs.; Les PME françaises et allemandes font partie d’un contingent d’entreprises qui se distingue par une grande hétérogénéité. L’hétérogénéité des entreprises qui composent la catégorie des PME est la principale raison pour laquelle un cadre théorique unique les concernant n’a pas pu être défini. Les PME se distinguent des grandes entreprises non seulement par leur plus petite taille mais également par une plus grande flexibilité et réactivité, une grande proximité avec leurs clients et des liens étroits localisés avec leurs fournisseurs etc. De plus, on note également une différence entre les PME selon leur pays d’origine. Plusieurs rapports ont souligné la différence entre les PME françaises et celles qui composent le Mittelstand allemand. Ces dernières seraient plus grandes en taille, plus innovantes et plus actives à l’international que leurs alter ego françaises. Ces mêmes rapports constatent que la France pourrait avoir des performances supérieures en termes de croissance, d’emploi, de compétitivité et d’activités à l’international si on pouvait faire éclore un Mittelstand français. Le Mittelstand allemand ne se résume pas à une catégorie d’entreprises identifiables par leur taille, mais c’est plutôt un concept basé sur une culture entrepreneuriale favorisé par l’écosystème allemand. Notre analyse porte dans un premier temps sur les caractéristiques qui distinguent les PME françaises de celles appartenant au Mittelstand. Dans un deuxième temps notre étude porte sur le soutien public dont les PME françaises et allemandes bénéficient et dans quelle mesure on pourrait s’inspirer du soutien public allemand pour augmenter la performance des PME françaises.
- Published
- 2017
25. Is it possible to increase the performance of French SMEs on drawing inspiration on the German model ?
- Author
-
Bleuel, Petra, Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion (GREDEG), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019), and Joël Thomas Ravix
- Subjects
Innovation policy ,Industrial policy ,Öffentliche Unterstützung ,Mittlestand ,Politique d’innovation ,Politique industrielle ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Industries ,Geschäftsleistung ,Public support - Abstract
Französische und deutsche KMU sind Teil eines Kontingents von Unternehmen, die sich durch eine große Heterogenität auszeichnen. Die Heterogenität der Unternehmen, aus denen die KMU-Kategorie besteht, ist der Hauptgrund, warum ein einziger theoretischer Rahmen, der sie betrifft, nicht definiert werden konnte. KMU unterscheiden sich von größeren Unternehmen nicht nur durch ihre geringere Größe, sondern auch durch ihre größere Flexibilität, ihre Reaktionsfähigkeit, ihre Nähe zu ihren Kunden und enge lokale Verbindungen zu ihren Lieferanten usw. Darüber hinaus stellt man Unterschiede unter KMU fest, die aus verschieden Herkunftsländern kommen. In mehreren Berichten wurde der Unterschied zwischen französischen und deutschen KMU hervorgehoben. Die letzteren seien größer, innovativer und aktiver als die französischen alter ego. Dieselben Berichte zeigen, dass Frankreich bessere Ergebnisse in Bezug auf Wachstum, Beschäftigung, Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und internationale Aktivitäten erzielen könnte, wenn es möglich wäre einen französischen Mittelstand hervorzubringen. Der deutsche Mittelstand ist nicht nur eine durch ihre Größe identifizierbare Kategorie von Unternehmen, sondern ein Konzept, das auf einer vom deutschen Ökosystem begünstigten Unternehmenskultur basiert. Unsere Analyse konzentriert sich zunächst auf die Merkmale, die französische KMU von denen des Mittelstands unterscheiden. Zweitens konzentriert sich unsere Studie auf die öffentliche Unterstützung, von der französische und deutsche KMU profitieren, und inwieweit man sich von der deutschen öffentlichen Unterstützung inspirieren lassen kann, um die Leistungsfähigkeit französischer KMU zu steigern.; French and German SME belong to a category of firms which stand out from an important heterogeneity. Due to the wide variety of companies which compose the category of SMES, an overall theoretical framework hasn’t been defined. These firms are not only distinguished from large companies by their small size but also by their greater flexibility and reactivity, their proximity to their customers and close localized links with suppliers etc. Additionally, there is also a difference between SMEs according to their home country. Several reports have highlighted the difference of French SMEs and those of the German Mittelstand. The latter would be larger in size, more innovative and more active internationally than their French counterparts. These reports also show that France could have superior performance in terms of growth, employment, competitiveness and international activities if we could generate a French Mittelstand supporting SMEs through targeted measures. Contrary to the idea we have of the German Mittelstand, it does not boil down to a category of companies identifiable by their size, but rather to a concept based on an entrepreneurial culture favored by the German ecosystem. Our analysis focuses first on these companies constituting the Mittelstand to highlight their characteristics and their differences compared to French SMEs.In a second step, our study focuses on the support that SMEs in both countries benefit and to what extent one could draw inspiration from the German support or model to increase the performance of French SMEs.; Les PME françaises et allemandes font partie d’un contingent d’entreprises qui se distingue par une grande hétérogénéité. L’hétérogénéité des entreprises qui composent la catégorie des PME est la principale raison pour laquelle un cadre théorique unique les concernant n’a pas pu être défini. Les PME se distinguent des grandes entreprises non seulement par leur plus petite taille mais également par une plus grande flexibilité et réactivité, une grande proximité avec leurs clients et des liens étroits localisés avec leurs fournisseurs etc. De plus, on note également une différence entre les PME selon leur pays d’origine. Plusieurs rapports ont souligné la différence les PME françaises et celles qui composent le Mittelstand allemand. Ces dernières seraient plus grandes en taille, plus innovantes et plus actives à l’international que leurs alter ego françaises. Ces mêmes rapports constatent que la France pourrait avoir des performances supérieures en termes de croissance, d’emploi, de compétitivité et d’activités à l’international si on pouvait faire éclore un Mittelstand français. Le Mittelstand allemand ne se résume pas à une catégorie d’entreprises identifiables par leur taille, mais c’est plutôt un concept basé sur une culture entrepreneuriale favorisé par l’écosystème allemand. Notre analyse porte dans un premier temps sur les caractéristiques qui distinguent les PME françaises de celles appartenant au Mittelstand. Dans un deuxième temps notre étude porte sur le soutien public dont les PME françaises et allemandes bénéficient et dans quelle mesure on pourrait s’inspirer du soutien public allemand pour augmenter la performance des PME françaises.
- Published
- 2017
26. Evolutions et perspectives de l’élevage des ruminants dans les montagnes françaises
- Author
-
Michel Lherm, C. Béranger, and B. Martin
- Subjects
Government ,bovin ,business.industry ,ruminant ,élevage ,Agricultural economics ,Geography ,Agriculture ,Agricultural land ,Asset (economics) ,Dynamism ,Public support ,business ,élevage de montagne ,Economic power - Abstract
La marginalisation progressive de l’agriculture de montagne constatée jusque dans les années 1970 a pu être globalement enrayée grâce au dynamisme des acteurs montagnards et aux politiques de soutien mises en place par les pouvoirs publics. Les exemples de réussites locales comme celles des montagnes du Beaufortain ou de l'Aubrac ne doivent cependant pas occulter les fortes disparités qui perdurent au sein et entre les différents massifs montagneux, ni le nécessaire soutien des pouvoirs publics qui ont mis en place depuis 40 ans différentes formes de soutiens spécifiques, ou bénéficiant majoritairement à l’élevage de montagne. A l’heure actuelle, en France, 16% des exploitations et 14% des surfaces agricoles sont situées en zone de montagne. La superficie des exploitations de montagne diffère peu de celles de plaine mais leur potentiel économique est plus faible, en lien avec la forte proportion de surfaces fourragères qui nourrissent respectivement 17, 23 et 48% du cheptel national de vaches laitières, de vaches allaitantes et de brebis. L’analyse des évolutions structurelles et productives des exploitations de montagne révèle une dynamique plutôt positive : la SAU montagnarde s'est relativement bien maintenue par rapport aux risques encourus et le nombre d’exploitations et d’actifs agricoles a diminué moins vite qu’en plaine. A l’heure actuelle, malgré les soutiens publics, le revenu des éleveurs reste nettement plus faible en montagne qu’en plaine et les disparités se sont renforcées récemment. A l’avenir, le renforcement prévu des soutiens publics permettra de combler une partie de ce différentiel, mais la revalorisation des aides ne doit pas masquer que les perspectives de l’élevage de montagne sont liées avant tout aux dynamiques des acteurs locaux qui disposent d’atouts pour réduire les coûts de production et surtout pour valoriser mieux les richesses de leurs terroirs encore insuffisamment exploitées dans certaines zones ; la qualité des produits, de l’environnement, des paysages et de la culture., The gradual marginalization of French mountain agriculture recorded into the 1970s could be globally eradicated thanks to the dynamism of the mountain stakeholders and support policies implemented by the government. The success stories of some mountain areas like Beaufortain and Aubrac should not overshadow the disparities that persist within and between mountain areas or the necessary public support, that have been running for 40 years in various forms of specific support or benefiting mainly mountain farming. Currently, 16% of farms and 14% of agricultural land are located in mountainous areas. The area of mountain farms differ little from those of the plain but their economic power is lower, in line with the proportion of forage that feed respectively 17, 23 and 48% of the national herd of dairy cows, suckler cows and sheep. The analysis of recent structural and productive changes in mountain farms reveals a rather positive trend: the mountain agricultural land and the number of farms and farm asset decrease was lower than in the plain. Currently, despite the supports, the income of farmers is much lower in the mountains than in the lowlands and the differences were increased recently. In the future, the planned increase of public support will be helpful to limit the differences of income. The initiatives of the mountain stakeholders will also have to be strengthened in order to decrease the production costs and optimize the use of their local resources; the specific qualities of their products, environment, landscape and culture and more generally their region.
- Published
- 2014
27. Politique publique et développement des chaînes alimentaires courtes de proximité : une analyse des PDR de la Région Occitanie
- Author
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Fredéric Wallet and Melise Dantas Machado Bouroullec
- Subjects
proximity ,rural development policy ,short local chains ,CAP ,Occitanie ,public support ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
This article analyzes the place of short local chains (SLC) in rural development policy (RDP) in Occitanie Region. We identify measures related to SLCs through a textual analysis of the Midi-Pyrenees and Languedoc-Roussillon 2014-2020 PDRs and their respective calls for projects. The results underline a timid support but more marked in Languedoc-Roussillon. The contours of the future CAP (decrease in the budget, transition to a single national strategic plan, etc.) will condition the autonomy left to the Regions to define support measures for SLCs adapted to local requirements. In addition to support for physical investments, installation and cooperation, training and networking of actors in the territory should be supported.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. La science au service de la conservation au parc marin du Saguenay‑Saint-Laurent : Comment mieux comprendre permet de mieux protéger
- Author
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Nadia Ménard
- Subjects
appui du public ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,aire marine protégée ,public support ,conservation ,Saguenay‑St. Lawrence Marine Park ,gestion ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,Parc marin du Saguenay‑Saint-Laurent ,marine protec-ted areas ,science ,management ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Résultant d’une vingtaine d’années d’études, de support du milieu régional et de négociations, la création du parc marin en 1998 peut être considérée comme un événement important dans le domaine de la conservation du milieu marin, au Québec comme au Canada. Située à la confluence de l’estuaire du Saint-Laurent et du Saguenay, la région couverte par le parc marin est reconnue comme étant un lieu particulier à plusieurs égards. Les écosystèmes estuariens qu’on y retrouve sont d’une grande richesse, mais sont également soumis à plusieurs sources de pression.L’atteinte des objectifs énoncés lors de la création du parc marin exige le recours à une gamme d’outils comme la gouvernance, la science et l’éducation. La recherche scientifique est inscrite au sein même du mandat légal du parc marin, ce qui témoigne de son importance comme outil de conservation. Mais pour que la science puisse rendre service à la conservation, il est nécessaire de diffuser les connaissances au public. Par ailleurs, puisque la science ne détient pas toujours de certitude devant la complexité des écosystèmes, il importe parfois de recourir à la gestion adaptative et au principe de précaution. Le rapprochement entre les divers joueurs, comme les scientifiques, les gestionnaires, les communautés et les visiteurs, est essentiel afin que les connaissances scientifiques puissent orienter les actions de conservation, la gestion des activités et susciter l’adhésion aux objectifs du parc marin. Beaucoup de chemin a été parcouru depuis l’établissement du parc marin il y a dix ans, mais l’intégration des connaissances scientifiques aux actions de conservation de ce milieu exceptionnel que constitue le parc marin demeure toujours un important défi., The establishment of the Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park in 1998 is the result of twenty years of studies, public support and negotiations. Its establishment is a significant event in the field of marine conservation in Quebec and in Canada. Located at the confluence of the St. Lawrence Estuary and the Saguenay Fjord, the area covered by the Marine Park is recognized for many reasons. The estuarine ecosystems found here are very rich from a biological point but are also under many forms of pressure.Attaining the objectives sought out by the establishment of the Marine Park requires to use a wide variety of tools such as governance, science and education. Scientific research is included in the legal mandate of the Marine Park, indicating its importance as a conservation tool. But using science as a conservation tool requires communicating results to the public. Furthermore, since science does not always provide certainty relative to the complexity of marine ecosystems, it is sometimes necessary to have recourse to adaptive management and to the precautionary principle. Bringing together various players such as scientists, managers, local communities and visitors is essential to enable scientific knowledge to orient conservation actions. The Marine Park has come a long way since its establishment ten years ago, but it remains a challenge to ensure that scientific knowledge is used to take action to conserve the exceptional environment of the Marine Park.
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