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(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2024 9(1), 121-129 | European Forum Insight of 18 June 2024 | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - II. Signature of international agreements: the (in)consistent practice. - III. Solving the indeterminacy of art. 218 TFEU. - iii.1. Scope, institutional balance and sincere cooperation. - iii.2 Signature of non-binding agreements. - IV. Case C-551-21: insights and commentaries. - iv.1. Understanding the arguments. - iv.2. The Court’s Findings. - V. Conclusions | (Abstract) The current Insight analyses the judgment of the European Court of Justice in Case C-551/21, which up-held the Commission's claim regarding its right to exercise the external act of treaty signature. The deci-sion sheds light on the signature procedure outlined in art. 218 TFEU and adds to previous cases, clari-fying the proper contours and roles of each institution in relation to the procedure set in the article. An initial observation of the practice appears to indicate the Permanent Representative of the country holding the Council's presidency as the responsible party to sign international agreements with third parties representing the Union. However, a more in-depth analysis reveals a lack of consistent and standardised practice. The judgment correctly recalibrates the institutional balance and is coherent with the reforms of the Lisbon Treaty, which sought to bring about an evolution of the principles of the Treaties without a formal amendment process.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2017 2(1), 233-242 | European Forum Insight of 4 April 2017 | (Table of Contents) I. Introducción. - II. Antecedentes de hecho. - III. Fundamentos de derecho. - IV. Iter y ratio decidendi. - V. Comentario. - V.1. Los efectos de la ECA 1972. - V.2. El derecho posterior a la ECA 1972. - V.3. El art. 50, párr. 2, TUE. - VI. Conclusiones. | (Abstract) This Insight analyses the decisions in Miller et al. v. Secretary of State for exiting the European Union (UK High Court, judgment of 3 November 2016, [2016] EWHC 2768 (Admin); UK Supreme Court, judgment of 24 January 2017, [2017] UKSC 5) focusing on the constitutional implications of the Brexit for the United Kingdom and the EU. This Insight tries to explain the main facts of the case in its context from a constitutional view, regarding the multilayered situation in which the EU and the UK constitutional bodies are established.

Europe is facing a social crisis like never before, and this comes just after an economical one. The huge flow of migrants that started crossing into Europe at the end of 2015 was just the straw that broke the camel for Great Britain, because the Brits were threatening to leave the EU for some time. Prime Minister David Cameron has warned his European counterparts that his country might leave if his demands are not met. He clearly affirmed that he wants to stay in the EU, but under different rules. He negotiated a package of reforms, demanding concessions from a frightened Brussels, that has seen almost inevitable the change in some EU treaty terms. The PM used the 2011 European Union Act at the negotiations, document which requires any EU treaty that passes new powers to Brussels to be put to an internal British referendum. On June 23rd there is set a referendum on the country’s membership to the EU. But this amount of uncertainty led to the fall of the pound (reaching its lowest level since 2009), to fear for the investors and furious debates between the political parties. We shall further analyze the Lisbon Treaty, in order to better understand the legislation behind this European-wide tension, and to explain the implications of such an event.

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Comparative Law / Revista Romana de Drept Comparat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Economic and labor rights belong to the core of business action, since they constitute the institutional framework for actors involved in business, employers and workers. Since the European integration is progressing, we may speak of a European environment for business, a common market in European legal terms, which became the main aim for the Communities since 1957. At the end of 2009, with the enforcement of the Lisbon Treaty amendments, important changes were brought in the fundamental rights protection in EU, mainly with the enactment of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. For a better understanding of the framework of economic and labor rights in EU, the traditional economic freedoms and provisions of the Charter will be examined in this paper in order to draw conclusions on the level of protection of such rights and the modifications that the Lisbon Treaty have brought in EU legal order with reference to economic and labor rights.

The European Union is today managed by the Lisbon Treaty, which stated, in his time, and rightly so, that is a step towards European integration, both at the institutional and human level, a treaty that succeed, despite difficulties, to move forward the European project that combined his account about half a century. The changes introduced by the Lisbon Treaty have a significant impact on EU governance. Treaty of Lisbon makes substantial changes in the management of the EU, especially with regard to the European Council, the Council of Ministers and the EU's rotating presidency. The main task of the research in this paper is the approach of the provisions of the EU Reform Treaty (Lisbon Treaty) in terms of constitutional law. Research conducted prior to permit formulation of a general belief, namely that common European history of all its successes and difficulties demonstrates the viability of the European idea and the correct direction of institutional developments in the EU and the Member States.

As negociações entre União Europeia e Mercosul com o objetivo de estabelecer uma relação estratégica birregional e um acordo comercial estão estagnadas desde 2004. Mesmo assim, o comércio vem aumentando substancialmente, e a UE consolidou-se como principal origem dos Investimentos Diretos Externos na região. Em consequência da crise financeira e econômica, está ocorrendo um refluxo das instituições multilaterais, particularmente da Organização Mundial do Comércio, impulsionando, mesmo que por motivos distintos, a reabertura das negociações entre ambos os blocos. Neste quadro, a entrada em vigor do Tratado de Lisboa introduziu modificações no design institucional europeu, que alteraram o quadro normativo no qual as negociações ocorrem.The negotiations between the EU and Mercosul with the objective to set up a strategic bi-regional partnership and a trade agreement are stagnant since the year 2004. Even with the interruption of the negotiation process, the trade flows between the two regions have been increasing substantially, and the EU has consolidated its position as the main source of Foreign Direct Investment in the Mercosul. On the other hand, one of the consequences of the global crisis is the retrocession of the role of Multilateral Institutions, particularly the case of the World Trade Organization, which stimulate the retaking of inter-regional block negotiations. In this relative new world configuration, the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty by all the EU-members introduces changes in the European institutional design of regional integration, which have affected the normative framework of international negotiations. The aim of the present paper is to address the effects of the Lisbon Treaty on the foreign trade policy of the EU, as well as the effects on the relationships between the EU and Latin America.

In the last decade the European construction and the structural changes on the European Union level were forced to adapt to the new global realities in which the multi-polar competition and the economic problems shaped the form of the Lisbon treaty and created a new frame of development for the continental organization. On the other hand, these new changes adopted by the treaty may not be the real solution to the contemporary global developments in which the accelerated and interdependent contexts define the world of tomorrow. From this point of view, the Lisbon treaty may or may not be the proper response to the internal and external challenges of the European Union, but it is clearly a step to a more safer and comprehensive Europe. For this reason, the main objective of this study is to map a possible walkthrough of the tomorrow’s European construction and also the maze of issues with which the Union must deal for a successful structural construction.

This article deals with the intricate ratification process of the Lisbon Treaty, while focusing on the thorny issues of Euroscepticism and democratic deficit within the European Union in the current institutional context. The study is based on a wide research endeavour, whose purpose has been to encompass multiple points of view on the future of the European Union, seen from the perspective of the Treaty of Lisbon and its reception in all member states. These viewpoints include the ones found in the speciality literature, as well as in the press that published representative articles during the debates on the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty. Useful attempts are made in order to classify the member states of the EU according to various relevant criteria in their attitude germane to the ratification of the Treaty, so as to outline new waves of Euroscepticism, opt-outs and criticism. Apart from an institutional and a legal perspective, this study presents a large number of political, national and even cultural aspects encountered in attitudes and courses of action pertaining to the future of European Construction, seen through the eyes of the reform process carried out by the latest EU major legal document.

The EU has as its motto 'United in Diversity.' To what extent does reality reflect this federal ideal as inscribed in the European treaties? Although the Lisbon Treaty introduces reforms and legitimizes processes that reinforced the federal character of the European project, it remains difficult at this stage to define the EU as a social and political structure in which power rests on a fragile equilibrium between unity and diversity as well as on a struggle to maintain it. If unity has been reinforced through successive institutional reforms, there is still disequilibrium in favor of diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

External geopolitical developments and the role of the United States have been particularly important in the creation and orientation of the European integration. This study appraises the outlook of transatlantic relations in the wake of Barack Obama's 2008 election and the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. It is argued that whereas these developments on both sides of the Atlantic could provide for a window of opportunity to shift bilateral relations into higher gear, success will eventually depend on Europe's internal capacity to approach the US with collective and united answers to the main contemporary international challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ERA Forum is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ERA Forum is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ERA Forum is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lisbon Treaty and the changing Europe. The importance of the collaboration between states in problems' solving. International issue: climatic changes, energetic security and international terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]