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The Human papillomaviruses (HPV) have existed in the human population since the archaic hominids. Over the course of human migration and evolution, HPVs have co-evolved with humans on all continents to become today the leading cause of cervical cancer. HPVs are classified by genera, species, genotype, lineage, sub-lineage and variants. Among more than 200 HPV genotypes, HPV16 is the most common and the most oncogenic at high-risk (HPV-HR). If viral oncogenesis is governed by numerous factors and mechanisms involving the virus and its host, the E6/E7 oncogenic proteins of HR-HPV play a central role and are always expressed in cervical cancers. Those of HPV16 have the greatest affinity for cellular proteins involved in cellular control, p53/E6 and pRb/E7. Some E6/E7 HPV16 mutants are associated with persistent infection, correlating with viral lineages and their ethnic and geographical origin. If the splicing of viral mRNAs encoding E6/E7 allows the overexpression of the E7 protein, which is an essential condition for the establishment of HR-HPV oncogenesis, other mechanisms contribute to strengthening it. On the one hand, the accidental integration of the viral genome, in particular the E1/E2 coding region, participates in the transformation of the infected cell. On the other hand, hypermethylation of the viral L1/L2 genomic regions is observed in the advanced stages of infection. Different methods for analyzing mutations, splice sites, integrations and methylations of the viral genome have been described. These virological markers could complete the detection of HR-HPV in the context of cervical cancer screening, currently recommended in France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are responsible for the majority of sexually-transmitted infections (STI), some of them at high-risk of oncogenenicity causing oropharyngeal or genital cancers. The HPV prevalence at the genital level varies according to the populations studied but is higher in the seminal fluid of men suffering from idiopathic infertility than in the general population. The involvement of HPV in male infertility is supported by several studies suggesting that this virus can affect sperm quality by altering sperm DNA integrity, motility, number, viability and morphology, and by inducing the production of anti-sperm antibodies. Papillomaviruses may also have an impact on female fertility, mainly by increasing the risk of miscarriage and premature delivery, and by altering the implantation of endometrial trophoblastic cells. In addition, an association with vaginal bacterial dysbiosis or a co-infection with an STI agent, notably Gardnerella vaginalis, is an aggravating factor. The aim of this review is to present current data on the potential role of HPV in male and female infertility, on infertility prevention and treatment strategies, and on the impact of vaccination in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered as the most common -sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Although often asymptomatic, thanks to the viral clearance, in case of persistent HPV infection, skin or mucosal lesions may appear. HPV infections with low oncogenic risk favor the appearance of benign lesions such as condylomas. HPV infections with a high oncogenic risk promote the appearance of precancerous lesions and cancers, particularly in the cervix, anus or head-and-neck area. In order to combat this pandemic infection responsible for a heavy epidemiological and economic burden, prophylactic vaccination (primary prevention strategy) has been developed in many countries. The marketed vaccines have a good safety profile with a follow-up of more than 15 years, and well-demonstrated effectiveness in preventing the appearance of benign, precancerous and malignant HPV-induced lesions. The possible benefit of vaccination in secondary prevention has not been demonstrated. In France, vaccination is recommended for girls and boys aged 11 to 14, before the start of sexual activity for better effectiveness. Catch-ups are possible up to age 19, and up to age 26 for men who have sex with men. Vaccination coverage in France remains insufficient to achieve the eradication of HPV infection, a public health objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2019, French National Health Authority recommended the human papillomavirus vaccination (HPV) for boys, in addition to girls, with effective reimbursement since January 2021. The objective of this study was to assess the practice of general practitioners in Ardèche, Loire and Haute-Loire regions with regards to HPV vaccination, particularly for young boys, one year after the reimbursement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Papillomavirus (HPV), the virus responsible for the world's leading sexually transmitted disease, is above all the main infectious agent responsible for cancers. The HPV cycle, infection - precancerous lesion -- cancer, is well documented for the Cervix, 44. Other cancers concern anus (24%), oro-pharyngeal sphere (22%), glans penis and vulva. These cancers also concern boys (30% of the total). The vaccination allows a primary and general prevention. "Of all vaccines, the one against human papillomavirus (HPV) has one of the highest impacts on mortality per person" (WHO,2017). Vaccination is recommended in France for girls since 2007 and for boys since 2020. Efficacy and tolerance are excellent. In France, vaccination coverage slowly increasing (< 50% for girls, 12.8 % for boys by 2022), and is still insufficient to have an epidemiological impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for non-cervical cancer including anogenital cancers and head and neck cancers has been evaluated in many countries. This is important for the decision-makers in health policy as they have a limited budget for an enormous option of health technology. The objective of this study is to systematically review the health economic studies in order to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination for preventing non-cervical cancer including anogenital cancer and head and neck cancer. Approximately 496 articles were obtained from three databases (ProQuest: 430, Scopus: 40 and Pubmed: 29). The screening and selection of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The final articles were assessed by using the Consolidated Health Economics Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. Based on the review of fifteen articles, most articles concluded that HPV vaccination was cost-effective compared with current standard care. One study showed that HPV vaccination may be cost-effective if only the price is lowered. HPV vaccination is considerably a cost-effective solution to prevent non-cervical cancer based on the studies conducted in many countries particularly the ones with high income.

Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are responsible for the majority of sexually transmitted infections, some of them defined as high-risk cancer-causing types, particularly at the oropharyngeal and cervical level. The prevalence of HPV in semen varies according to the studies and the studied populations. However, it is higher in the seminal fluid of men with idiopathic infertility than in the general population. In addition, observations showing the ability of viral particles to (i) adhere to the surface of spermatozoa, (ii) promote cellular DNA fragmentation and (iii) negatively interfere with early embryonic development suggest that this virus may have a deleterious effect on fertility and the parameters of natural or medically assisted reproduction. The question of its research in an infertility assessment and its consideration in Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAP) is legitimately raised. The objective of this review is to present the current data on the potential role of HPV in infertility and reproduction, and to discuss the opportunity of targeted or generalized screening for this virus in the context of MAP as well as the place of anti-HPV vaccination in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies show a good relationship between breast cancer (BC) and human papillomaviruses (HPV), responsible for about 18% of BC cases. This study aimed to assess the relationship between different genotypes of HPV and the expression of P53 and retinoblastoma (RB) genes and estrogen and progesterone receptors in BC among Sudanese women. METHODS: one hundred and fifty tissue blocks were obtained from females diagnosed with BC. Positive samples were used to determine genotypes with an applied biosystem (ABI 3730XL) genetic analyzer for sequencing and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: 30/150 samples showed HPV DNA. High-risk HPV-16 was detected in 5 cases, high-risk-HPV-58 was found in four cases, and HPV-18 was detected in three cases. Low-risk-HPV-11 was detected in a single invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) case. P53 and RB gene mutations were detected in 35 and 30 BC cases, respectively. P53 gene mutation was frequently identified in grade (III) BC; RB gene mutation was positive in grade (II). Grade (II) BC had a higher incidence of HPV-16 and 58, HPV-18 in grade (III), and HPV-16 and 18 in grade (I). Estrogen and progesterone receptors were expressed in 94 and 79 HPV cases among the study group, respectively. CONCLUSION: this study elucidates associations between HPV genotypes and BC. A statistically significant association between IDC and ILC and different HPV genotyping is observed, and a significant correlation was found between p53 and RB gene mutation with BC. RB gene mutation was significantly associated with different BC grades. On the other hand, there was a statistically insignificant association between progesterone receptor expression and BC.

Les condylomes acuminés sont des lésions sexuellement transmissibles causées par le human papillomavirus. Ils se localisent surtout sur la sphère ano-génitale et sont exceptionnellement rencontrés dans les fosses nasales. Nous en rapportons un nouveau cas. Une patiente séropositive au VIH et suivie en gynécologie pour récidive de condylomes acuminés vulvaires, nous est adressée pour prise en charge de masses rosées des fosses nasales empêchant la respiration nasale et évoluant depuis plusieurs semaines. L'examen clinique et le scanner suspecte des condylomes, un traitement chirurgical est effectué sous anesthésie générale sous contrôle endoscopique et l'histologie revient en faveur de condylomes acuminés. Les suites postopératoires sont simples et sans récidive à 6 mois postopératoire. La localisation nasale des condylomes acuminés est rare voire exceptionnelle, seule une poignée de cas sont décrits dans la littérature. Le profil est celui d'un adulte jeune séropositif ou non avec notion de comportement sexuel à risque. Plusieurs localisations notamment génitales peuvent être retrouvées et dans ce cas la greffe nasale des lésions pourrait être manuportée. Le traitement chirurgical est efficace et le suivi à long terme est indispensable pour prendre en charge d'éventuelles récidives.

Buschke-Löwnestein tumor (BLT) or giant condylomata acuminata (GCA) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). It´s a rare condition, essentially transmitted sexually. The confirmation is histological, after a biopsy of the mass. The treatment is poorly coded, the surgical treatment is the gold standard. The evolution is characterized by recurrences, requiring surgical recovery. Sex education and treatment early condylomatous lesions improves the prognosis of this affection. We present the case of a 50-year-old man, married, with the notion of sexual vagrancy. On clinical examination we found a large, painless, exophytic tumor lesion, budding, irregular at the base of the penis on the ventral side, extending towards the scrotum. This mass has been evolving for 15 years. Examination of the oral and anal mucosa shows no associated lesions. The physical examination did not find inguinal lymphadenopathies. The clinical size of the tumor, about 8cm, was oriented towards a Buschke-Löwenstein tumor. The standard biological examinations were normal. Serologies HIV, chlamydia, syphilitic and hepatitis B and C were negative. Histological examination of the exeresis specimen revealed epitheliomatous hyperplasia. which was made of an acanthosic squiggle coating, papillomatous, overcome by parakeratotic hyperkeratosis. with the presence of koilocytes signalling HPV infection, without signs of malignancy. A wide exeresis has been performed. The evolution has been good without recurrence, with 18 months of hindsight.

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to examine and characterize human papilloma virus (HPV) cytological grade trends and genotypes among HPV/HIV co-infected/cases and HPV monoinfected/control women attending Kisii teaching and referral hospital, Kenya. METHODS: HIV positive co-infected with HPV (HPV/HIV) and HIV negative women monoinfected with HPV profiled as co-infected/cases and monoinfected/control arms respectively were enrolled. HPV subtypes were assayed by Xpert® HPV system (GXHPV-CE-10) alongside pathological cytology analysis of cervical tissue samples. RESULTS: low grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was the most predominant cytological grade across cases and controls with a prevalence of 32 (38.1%) while high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was highest among HPV/HIV co-infected with a prevalence of 23 (27.38%). Among the monoinfected (controls) the predominant lesion was low grade intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) with a prevalence of 23 (27.38%). HPV type 16 had the highest prevalence 26 (30.8%) among the VIA positive women in the overall study participants followed by combinations of HPV types (16, 18/45) at 19 (22.6%). CONCLUSION: high risk HPV types 16 and 18/45 were the most predominant in the established cytological grades and among the co-infected women. Routine screening using both cytological and HPV testing should be embraced and/or reinforced as early screening and preventive strategies in the covered geographical region population. Provision of the currently available vaccines to these women at an early age would provide effective protection since the HPV type profiles in this population are covered by such vaccines.

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Background: Cervical cancer is the most common form of cancer in black women in South Africa and has almost a 60% mortality rate. However, adherence to cervical screening programmes of black women living in rural South Africa is not universal. Aim: The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of rural Zulu women’s knowledge of and attitudes towards Pap smear tests, and their reasons for participation or non-compliance with cervical screening. Setting: This study was conducted at the gynaecology and antenatal clinics in a secondary referral hospital in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in the form of a semi-structured patient questionnaire survey with open and closed questions. The responses to the open-ended questions were manually analysed by the authors using a thematic approach. Outcome measures included whether the woman had a previous Pap smear, her understanding of the cervical screening programme and causes of cervical cancer. Results: This study included a total analysis of 234 responses. The mean age was 29 years (s.d. = 8.3 years). Overall, 32.5% of women had previously had a Pap smear. Among the responders, 33.3% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 53.0% were HIV-negative. Only 19.2% of women understood that a Pap smear was related to screening for cervical cancer. Conclusions: This study illustrated a poor understanding of cervical screening, which may result in the low level of uptake of Pap smear reported; this is particularly concerning in HIV-positive women, who are at higher risk of developing cervical cancer. Urgent and extensive public health campaigning is required within rural South Africa to improve cervical screening uptake and decrease cervical cancer mortality.

INRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is the commonest gynaecological malignancy and the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Several epidemiological, clinical and molecular studies have strongly implicated oncogenic high-risk human papillomavirus infection in the aetiopathogenesis of cervical cancer. The objectives of this study were to determine the cervical HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in cervical cancer in Maiduguri, Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: Persistent high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection is higher among women living with HIV/AIDS thus increasing their risk for cervical cancer. We evaluated the virological and immunological correlates of cervical dysplasia in HIV-infected women. METHODS: a cohort of 220 consenting women attending the antiretroviral clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria was tested for cervical human papilloma virus (HPV) infection using PCR. The prevalent HPV genotypes were determined by DNA sequencing. CD4+T count and type specific HPV was correlated with cervical cytology. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the data was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 (SPSS Inc, Illinois, USA) for analysis after validation. RESULTS: overall HPV prevalence was 54.1% while the hrHPV prevalence was 35.9%. Premalignant and malignant lesions were observed among participants with CD4+T counts between 200-300/mm3. A statistically significant association was observed between cervical premalignant lesions and CD4+ count (X2 = 24.747, P value = 0.001) as well as hrHPV infections (X2 = 46.800, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: risk stratification with HPV screening among HIV-infected women will help in early case management of cervical precancerous lesions.

Résumé: Le cancer de l'anus est un carcinome épidermoïde dans la grande majorité des cas. Une infection à Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) est trouvée dans plus de 90 % des cas. Son incidence est faible mais augmente de façon continue, notamment chez les patients infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), tout particulièrement chez les homosexuels masculins. Le diagnostic histologique repose sur les biopsies réalisées lors de l'examen proctologique. Les progrès techniques et la meilleure accessibilité rendent indispensable l'IRM ano-rectale dans le bilan d'extension locorégional, en complément du scanner thoraco-abdomino-pelvien. La tomographie à émission de positons au 18-FDG (TEP-18-FDG) est presque systématique et l'échoendoscopie ano-rectale reste intéressante pour les petites tumeurs. La recherche d'un déficit en dihydropyrimidine déshydrogénase (DPD) est devenue obligatoire avant administration d'un traitement à base de 5-FU. Le bilan du terrain ne doit pas être oublié : infection VIH et comorbidités associées, recherche d'autres cancers HPV-induits, évaluation de la continence anale. Le cancer de l'anus est localisé dans la majorité des cas et le traitement de référence est une radiothérapie plus ou moins associée à une chimiothérapie. Les progrès technologiques récents de la radiothérapie ont permis d'améliorer sa tolérance et d'augmenter son efficacité. La chimiothérapie exclusive n'est utilisée que pour les formes métastatiques ou inopérables. Des données récentes permettent de proposer plusieurs protocoles de traitement en première ligne. La chirurgie n'est proposée qu'en cas de progression ou de récidive locale après radiothérapie. Les anticorps anti-EGFR et l'immunothérapie sont les voies d'avenir les plus avancées. Anal cancer is a squamous cell carcinoma in the greatest majority of the cases. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is found in more than 90% of cases. It is a rare cancer but its frequency increases, particularly among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially men who have sex with men. The histological diagnosis relies on biopsies during clinical proctologic examination. Technological progress and improved accessibility make essential anorectal magnetic resonance imagine (MRI) for locoregional workup, on top of all body CT-scan. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is nearly always realised and anorectal ultrasonography remains interesting for small tumors. DPD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase) deficiency screening became mandatory before 5-FU-based treatments. HIV status, HIV-related comorbidities, other HPV-induced cancers and anal continence assessment must be also searched. Anal cancer is localized in the great majority of the cases and the reference treatment for these forms is radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy is used for metastatic or inoperable forms. Recent data allow us to propose several chemotherapy regimens in first line. Salvage surgery is indicated in case of local progression or recurrence after chemoradiotherapy. The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies ant immunotherapy are most advanced therapeutic perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anal canal cancer is a rare disease accounting for 3% of digestive tract tumours. However, its annual incidence has increased during the two last decades reaching 0.5/100,000 in men and 1.3/100,000 in women in 2012. Squamous carcinoma is the most common histological type, and accounts for more than 80% of anal canal malignancy. The main risk factor is human papillomavirus (HPV), in particular 16 and 18 subtypes. This virus is associated with 50% to 100% of anal canal cancers through the action of E6 and E7 oncoproteins. The decrease of natural clearance of HPV due to the multiplicity of sexual partners and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic could partly explain the observed increase of anal cancer incidence. Since eighties and Nigro's trials management has significantly changed: a multidisciplinary strategy combining radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy had replaced the radical surgery. Chemoradiation offered better results considering local control and also allowed a better functional prognosis by sphincter-preservation. Overall 5-year survival varies from 70 to 80% but recurrences, which are mainly loco-regional, benefit from salvage surgery in only 30% of cases. Thus, a close clinical surveillance is justified to diagnose early recurrence. The two newest and most promising therapies are anti-EGFR and anti-PD1. Yet, more randomized trials are required to confirm their efficiency, especially in metastatic disease which is still associated with poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the extent of human papilloma virus vaccine awareness among parents of girls in vaccine age group, their acceptability of the vaccine and factors associated with refusal. We conducted a survey among parents of girls aged 8-15 years, followed-up for several diseases in the Department of Pediatrics at the University Hospital Mohamed VI in Marrakech, Morocco, on parents' profile, their awareness of cancer of the cervix, HPV and HPV vaccine, the acceptance of HPV vaccine for their daughters and the arguments related to refusal. Ninety six questionnaires were included in the analysis. Cancer of the cervix was considered frequent for 58% of parents. Only 5% of parents knew about HPV vaccine. Media were the source of information in all cases. Nobody had no idea about the cost of the vaccine and its tolerance. No girl was vaccinated against HPV. Sixty-three per cent of parents want their daughters to be vaccinated, this rate increased by 82% after awareness. Thirteen per cent of the parents were hesitant while 24% refused to vaccinate their daughters mainly due to side effects (51%). Parents refusing vaccine were predominantly males with medium socioeconomic status and cultural level and were unaware of the virus and the vaccine in 91% of cases. This study highlights the reasons for parents' reluctance towards HPV vaccine in order to optimize strategies for effective communication with parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Le dépistage du cancer du col utérin, basé sur le frottis cervico-vaginal, a été mis en place dans les années 60 dans la plupart des pays développés, permettant une diminution spectaculaire du nombre de cancers. Cependant ce dépistage, proposé en France aux femmes de 25 à 65 ans, ne couvre pas la totalité de la population cible puisque 40 % environ des femmes y échappe dans notre pays. Une alternative pour augmenter la couverture du dépistage est de proposer aux femmes un auto-prélèvement, vaginal ou urinaire, puis un test de détection des papillomavirus humains (HPV). De nombreuses publications ont montré que cette approche présentait une bonne sensibilité et bonne spécificité comparée au frottis pour la détection des lésions histologiques de haut grade. Plusieurs facteurs doivent être validés avant la mise en place à grande échelle de l’auto-prélèvement : le type de dispositif utilisé, la technique de détection des HPV, les modalités de mise à disposition et de retour des dispositifs, l’information des femmes, la prise en charge des femmes avec test HPV positif et, comme pour tout dépistage, le coût/bénéfice de l’approche choisie. Plusieurs études sur l’auto-prélèvement ont été faites en France ces dernières années et cette approche sera certainement intégrée au dépistage organisé du cancer du col utérin prévu dès 2018 pour améliorer l’efficacité de ce dépistage. Self-collection for HPV testing: a new strategy to improve cervical screening coverage? In many developed countries, implementation of cervical cancer screening programs in the sixties based on cervical cytology (Pap-smear) led to a dramatic decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer. However, a significant proportion of women (40% in France) do not attend to regular cervical cancer screening. Self-collection (vaginal or based on urine sample) for HPV DNA testing is a promising approach to increase the coverage of screening. Numerous publications have validated this approach showing high sensitivity and specificity as compared to cervical cytology for the detection of high grade cervical lesions. Some pre-requisite must be validated before implementing self-collection as large scale programs, such as the collection device for self-sampling, the HPV detecting test, the scenario of invitation and kit return, the information delivered, the follow-up of women with positive HPV test and the cost/benefit of the selected strategy. Several programs based on self-collection with HPV testing have been described in France showing promising results. This approach will certainly be part of the future national program of cervical cancer screening, which will be starting in France in 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although cervical carcinoma is common, cutaneous metastasis is rare. In advanced disease, metastases may be present in the adnexa, abdomen, lungs, bone, liver and lymph nodes or. elsewhere. Cutaneous metastasis is uncommon. Unusual sites of metastasies seems to be skin, brain, heart and spleen. In this case, a 45 years old female was diagnosed to have squamous cell carcinoma of cervix on february 2013, who took radiotherapy treatment presented with cutaneous metastasis after a year. She received 4400 cGy/22 fractions of Extended Beam radiotherapy, followed by 4 doses of 700 cGy Cavity Radiotherapy (Brachytherapy). She completed her treatment on march, 6, 2013 with complete remission, without any complication. She was considered cured by the oncologists until after a year when she presented with cutaneous metastasis, which was proven with skin biopsy. The case is reported as this kind of case seems to be rare as far as our knowledge is concerned.

The incidence of anal cancer is increasing worldwide and poses a public health problem. This cancer is an epidermoid carcinoma in the vast majority of cases. It is most often caused by some serotypes of human papilloma virus. It is usually preceded by a premalignant lesion called intraepithelial neoplasia. The main risk factors are HIV infection but also a history of genital cancer, a history of sexually transmitted anorectal infection(s), receptive anal intercourse, numerous number of sexual partners, smoking and/or immunodepression. Primary prevention of this cancer could be based on vaccination against high risk human papilloma virus. The widespread use of this vaccination would also decrease the incidence of genital cancers and oropharyngeal in both sexes. The secondary prevention of this cancer could be based on the screening for intraepithelial neoplasia, especially those of high grade, with the intention of destroying them and thus avoiding the progression to invasive cancer. This screening would be recommended for certain high-risk populations, including HIV-infected patients. That being said, the modalities and relevance of this screening remain to be validated in a consensual manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Verrucae (synonym: warts) are one of the most common viral infections of humans in which the most frequently used modalities of treatment involve destruction of the affected area, which does not prevent recurrences and often results in scarring. In the present study oral zinc sulphate, an immunomodulator was evaluated as a treatment modality for warts. A placebo-controlled, single-blinded study was conducted on one hundred OPD patients with various types of verrucae. Fifty patients were put on oral zinc sulphate at dose of 5mg/kg for six weeks, while an equal number of patients received placebo for the same duration. In the patients who received oral zinc sulphate, 60.97% showed complete response at the end of six weeks in comparison to 6.45% partial response in the placebo group. The resolution of the lesions occurred with restoration of normal epidermal texture with transient alteration in pigmentation.

Copyright of Médecine et Santé Tropicales is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The involvement of certain human papillomaviruses (HPV) is well known in the genesis of cervical cancer, but also in other cancers of women and those affecting also men. The question of the relevance of a generalized or targeted vaccination of men against HPV has been discussed. The High Council for Public Health (HCSP) recently published an opinion on targeted vaccine recommendations for men, including men who have sex with men (MSM). However, a generalized HPV vaccination established before adolescence could protect individuals of both sexes before they began their sexuality. The strategy of vaccinating only MSM is faced with the problem of the feasibility of vaccinating before the manifestation of sexual preference and therefore of exposure to risk. It is coherent in terms of equality and responsibility to involve both sexes in this prevention of a sexually transmitted infection. It is also necessary to take into account the expected improvement in the implementation of vaccination due to mixed programs and the impact on the very common benign cancers and benign tumors associated with HPV affecting both sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cervical cancer is treatable if detected timeously, yet only 20% of South African women have ever been for a Pap smear in their lifetime due to limited access to screening, transport or child care responsibilities. Objective: To evaluate the acceptability of self-collection for cervical cancer screening. We aimed to identify which self-collection device women prefer and if they would consider using them for routine cervical cancer screening. METHODS: HIV-positive women (18 years) from urban and rural HIV clinics were interviewed following an education session on HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer. Participants were shown three self-collection devices; (i) an Evalyn cervical brush, (ii) a Delphilavager and (iii) a tampon-like plastic wand before completing a short questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 106 women from the urban (n=52) and rural (n=54) clinic were interviewed. Overall 51% of women preferred the cervical brush, while fewer women preferred the tampon-like plastic wand (31%) or lavage sampler (18%). More than 75% of women from the rural site preferred the cervical brush, compared to 22% from the urban site (p=0.001). Women from the urban clinic preferred the tampon-like plastic wand (45%) and then the lavage sampler (33%), as compared to women from the rural clinic (19% and 4%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Women from urban or rural settings had different preferences for the various self-collection devices. Patient self-collection with HPV testing may be an acceptable way to improve coverage to cervical cancer screening in high risk HIV-seropositive women.

Introduction: A condyloma acuminatum is a benign tumor considered to be a sexuallytransmitted infection. The viruses responsible are 90 % the human papilloma viruses types 6 and 11. They present low risk of cancer. The aim of this short case report is to state the clinical, histological and therapeutic aspects of condyloma acuminata of oral localization, and also to examine the pathways of non-sexual transmission. Observation: A thirty-yearold patient without sexual oro-genital activities consulted for whitish millimeter-length lesions localized in the hard palate and the left labial corners which had appeared a year ago. The surgical excision of both lesions of the hard palate were performed, as well as a biopsy of the left labial commissure, completed by electrocoagulation. The histological exam concluded the diagnosis of condyloma acuminata. No recurrence was recorded during the ten months of post-operative follow-up. Discussion: Oral lesions of condyloma acuminatum are very seldom and often secondary to contamination through direct sexual contact. Meanwhile, other transmission pathways not related to direct sexual contact are described. The diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum is clinical and confirmed by a histological exam. Radical treatment based mainly on surgical excision or electrocoagulation is imperative because of the highly contagious character of this lesion. Conclusion: Condyloma acuminatum is very seldom localized in the oral cavity. Diagnosis is mainly based on medical history and a histological exam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Cancer / Journal Africain du Cancer is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Cancer / Journal Africain du Cancer is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Cancer / Journal Africain du Cancer is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The incidence of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers has been increasing in Western countries for several decades. If they are individualized within the latest TNM classification, the current standards of management do not authorize the management of these patients to be singled out. However, their distinct oncogenesis and their excellent prognosis compared to other patients has allowed the development of several clinical trials based on the question of therapeutic de-escalation. This review of the literature aims to take stock of the elements provided by clinical research in recent years., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Of significance in 2011 was the introduction of IMRT following the publication of the results from the Parsport clinical trials, results from combining cetuximabwith chemoradiotherapy using cisplatin, and laryngeal preservation strategies. TPF was used, however, the optimum combination with radiotherapy treatment (versus radiotherapy alone) is yet to be defined. Induction is more andmore favourable for the advanced stages of cancer. Supportive care is also being considered on an increasing basis (MACC7). Despite a better prognosis and response to treatments, de-escalation strategies for human papillomavirus associated head and neck cancers are yet to achieve a satisfactory level of results. Rare forms of cancer are high on the agenda, with one of the aims of REFCOR being to identify the different sub-types of such cancers. In the absence of standardisation, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and DATECAN initiatives provide some order to the clinical objectives, and recent publications highlight the importance of considering competing risks, such as co-morbidity, in defining specific clinical objectives for head and neck cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the main risk factor for cervical cancer. By introducing its DNA into the genome of infected human cells, the virus expresses two oncoproteins (E6 and E7) that induce inactivation of tumour suppressors and telomerase. HPV infection is extremely common. But most of women will clear the infection over an 8–10-month period without developing any cervical lesion. In fact, it is the persistence of infection that truly exposes to the risk of cervical cancer. HPV testing, used for primary screening, has better sensitivity but lower specificity than cervical cytology. A secondary use of cytology would compensate the loss of HPV testing specificity. Thus, cervical cytology would be performed only in HPV positive women and colposcopy finally performed only in women with abnormal cytology. The characteristics of such screening would allow to increase interscreening intervals and therefore to reduce additional costs. The quantification of HPV viral load could be a way to differentiate significant infections from others. Despite proven significant association between high HPV viral load and the risk of CIN 2-3 and cervical cancer, crude variations within disease grades currently limit the clinical utility of viral load measurement. More than a just measure of HPV viral load, its evolution over time is what would really be of clinical relevance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Abstract: Objectives: The objective of this study is to validate the use of test INNO-LIPA HPV Genotyping Extra (Innogenetics) on liquid cytology media EasyFix Labonord by comparing the extraction kit QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit® (Qiagen) and an automated method, Nuclisens easyMAG® (Biomérieux). Methods: Thirty-two samples were typed by the technique Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) Digene (Qiagen). DNA was extracted through manual or automated extraction and quality controlled PCR “HLA”. Typing was performed with the INNO-LIPA test. A nested PCR followed by sequencing was used to compare different results. Results: Similar results were found for the two types of extraction, with an increase of sensitivity after automated extraction. Among the nine patients with a negative result with the HC2 test, seven had a negative result in INNO-LIPA and two a positive result (one untypable and one HPV66). On the 23 patients with a positive result with the HC2 test, 17 are consistent results. The six discordant results include one negative, one HPV54, two untypable HPV and two HPV53. The overall concordance between the HC2 and INNO-LIPA tests is 81 % with a κ test of 0.79. Conclusion: Coupled with an automated extraction, the test INNO-LIPA confirmed its high sensitivity for detecting and typing HPV in the EasyFix media Labonord, especially in the presence of multiple genotypes. This typing systematic approach is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of HPV vaccination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: More than 120 genotypes have been identified among the Papillomavirus (HPV) family. These viruses are ubiquitary with skin or mucous membrane tropism and cause various pathologies from wart to neoplasia. HPV family is classified according to their tropism. Genital HPV infection is considered as the most frequent sexually transmitted disease in the world. Seventy-five percent of women will be in contact with HPV at least one time in their life. HPV is usually transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact, more often during penetrative genital contact. Other types of genital contact in the absence of penetration can lead to HPV infection, but those routes of transmission are much less common than sexual intercourse. However, virgins (<2 % of cases) and young children can present HPV infection, suggesting other routes of transmission than sexual intercourse. HPV infection could occur during delivery; vaginal deliveries appear to promote this transmission in comparison with cesarean section. But cesarean section do not completely protect against contamination risk. In utero, vertical transmission has been suggested by different studies but with lack of evidence. HPV infection can be detected on inanimate objects, such as clothing or environmental surfaces. However, transmission is not known to occur by this route. More detailed knowledges of the transmission route of HPV infection will enable to get prevention more effective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]