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The study presents the Russian historical-philosophical process in the context of the discovery of a new object, themes, personae, set of reactions and formation of a product for the intellectual community. The author's reliance on philosophical empirical material and appropriate hermeneutics in its processing allows the author to highlight those factors that influenced individual and collective reception. The author sees as a convenient case study the “discovery” by the Russian philosophical community of the early 20th century of both American philosophy in general and C.S. Peirce in particular. Since the beginning of the 19th century, Russian thinkers have turned their attention to American philosophy in all the diversity of its manifestations. Russian intellectuals paid special attention to American pragmatism and everything associated with it. In Russia, in addition to translations, numerous reviews of foreign publications on this topic are appearing. Of particular interest to us in the Russian “collective reflection” of American ideas is the system of preferences for ideas, texts, events, and names. The point is that what might have been a priority for a European thinker, for a Russian one turned out to be on the “periphery” of his consciousness, as well as vice versa. While James appeared among the priority figures for Russian thinkers, Peirce was in his “shadow”. Using rich empirical material, the author shows all the stages of Peirce’s image formation in the Russian intellectual community. The research shows that “image” of Peirce, which represents not so much the thinker himself, but characterizes the intellectual community that turned to him. The results of the study may be useful both for contemporary foreign and Russian interpreters of Peirce and for historians of philosophy who are rethinking the past and forming in the present new objects of reception and reflection.

In the interview he gave to Marianne Doury and Théophile Robineau, Marc Angenot discusses the place of rhetoric in his work. Recalling that ancient rhetoric was essentially based on the judicial model, he emphasizes its interest, but also its limitations, in exploring the social discourse he seeks to account for. He takes up its global perspective, mobilizing ethos, pathos and logos, the combined consideration of which is necessary for an understanding of ideas and the way in which they are carried and discussed in society. But he insists on the necessity of taking account of the fact that social discourse is embedded in a more or less long-term history, which is a prerequisite for its intelligibility. Taking social discourse as the object of research also requires us to reconsider the notion of situation as traditionally understood in rhetoric, and to redefine the way we look at the question of persuasion.

The paper explores the role of different forms of translation in the historical movement of ideas. Its main object of study is Abraham Rogerius’ description of Hinduism, first published in Dutch in 1651 and soon translated into German and French. Both translations add material provided independently by the translator. The German version and its addenda left echoes in a German oriental novel that was, in its turn, translated. An abridgement of the French version became part of a survey of the world’s religions that was also translated in its turn and helped shape the Enlightenment. The main aim of my paper is to document the various modes of translation, adaptation and appropriation that enabled this dissemination.

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper studies the erosion of the theory of speculative music as an epistemological frame in early modern England, focusing specifically on a selection of treatises of music theory ranging from the late 16th century to the end of the 17th century, in particular Robert Fludd’s Utriusque Cosmi, 1617, Thomas Morley, A Plain and Easie Introduction to Practicall Music, 1599, and Thomas Mace, Musick’s Monument, 1676. The treatises show that, as elsewhere in Europe, English music theorists were questioning speculative music, but that some of them also constituted the rearguard of this theory.

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This contribution aims to open up avenues for reflection and provide context for the idea of Greater Romania in the 19th century. Conceptions and expressions of the idea varied, from dreams of re-establishing historical Dacia to political union of the provinces inhabited by Romanians. Its history is far less linear than nationalist historiography long claimed: the idea, born outside the Romanian countries, had its moments (1848) but faced bitter opponents, until the eve of its realization.

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Translating into Romanian the famous book of Isaiah Berlin offers the perfect opportunity to ask new questions and shed new light on the development of political authority. This time, the context is marked by unprecedented physical, psychological and communication capabilities that have never been at the disposal of modern bureaucracy. With outstanding surveillance, coercion, and persuasion techniques at hand, the modern state is more able to transform individuals and society as it has never been before. the new almighty state is now closer to what Tocqueville has imagined with much apprehension and distrust, namely a terrible force to keep ordinary citizens into perfect obedience.

The aim of this article is to give an account of the place of the history of ideas as a research discipline in German studies within the journal Recherches germaniques. This particular status is placed in the context of the evolution of the history of ideas in France over the last fifty years. In order to do so, we rely on Gérard Raulet’s contribution entitled “Histoire des idées: une certaine idée de l’histoire”.

The period that Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (1715-80) spent in Parma at the court of Philip and Louise Elizabeth (1758-67), as tutor to their son Ferdinand 1 , offers an interesting model for inquiring under what specific assumptions the concept of “cultural migrations”, or intellectual transmission, between different philosophical cultures should be considered. The difficulties for the historian of ideas in formulating hypotheses about the relevance and modes of cultural transmission are evident even in a case such as Condillac’s, whose actual presence in Parma and Italy seems to support the obvious belief that such transmission necessarily occurred through the philosophers direct action: his conversations with local scholars, contacts with other philosophers, intellectual exchanges and so on. However, one may legitimately question this sort of easy conclusion. For the philosophical novelties that the French philosopher introduced and which met with favor in the rest of Europe were sometimes dismissed or neglected in the Duchy of Parma and throughout Italy, even by scholars less conservative and orthodox in their philosophical positions who were more open to novelty. Moreover, the migration of authors does not entail the migration of their ideas. Given such questions, a preliminary analysis of some of the methodological assumptions underlying this type of inquiry is worthwhile.

Current diagnoses of a crisis of democracy in the Global North go hand in hand with a disparaging “look downwards.” Already in the nineteenth century, liberal thinkers formulated institutional precautions against the “rabble.” What is striking about the current devaluation discourse is that the return of this “look downwards” is not limited to libertarian or liberal-conservative concepts but is also present in progressive approaches. We demonstrate this for the German and Anglo-American discussion.

At the end of the 18th century, the publication of Montesquieu’s works remained either a controversial issue (see the anonymous “remarques” of Luzac in 1759 and Didot, 1795, who purported to be inspired by Helvetius) or a hagiographic one, such as the Plassan edition (1796-1797). In the 19th century a new approach was developed, with both commercial and intellectual benefits. It consisted in compiling critical notes from various commentators. As Montesquieu returned to favour after the “Restauration”, this type of critical apparatus allowed for debating his work as well as for publishers to stand out from the competition. Laboulaye’s Œuvres complètes (1875-1879) represents a major break. He tried to reconcile his political views as a supporter of the Constitutional Monarchy with his desire to introduce his readers to Montesquieu’s thought, rather than to carry out superficial criticism. Under these conditions only, could Montesquieu’s works be considered philosophical.

The article offers a critical reflection on the distance that separates us from an objectification of memory, its historiographical reconstructions and their different targets. At the basis of this enterprise, lies the belief that grasping the nuances and unveiling the ideological mechanisms of narrative reconstructions amounts to critically reflecting on the conditions that enable the narrative objectifications of the past filtered through by memory. To verify this theoretical assumption, the article elaborates on two key research tools that Umberto Eco has employed throughout his life and that permeated his overall work, i.e. the categories of use and interpretation, and applies them to the treatment of the Middle Ages as a historiographical object, to show how medievalism can be an interpretive tool that allows understanding the contemporary age and its hermeneutic and ideological distortions, its fears, its media representations.

The History of Political Ideas by the German-American philosopher Eric Voegelin (1901-1985) is a monumental work of around 2,600 pages. It remained unpublished during his lifetime, and it came to light through the American edition (1997-1999) and the now completed Portuguese edition (2012-2018). Being the author of the first world edition of an abridged version of the History of Political Ideas ; the translator of the first three volumes of the 2012-2018 Portuguese edition; and the author of The civil philosophy of Eric Voegelin (my 1990 Ph. D diss.) I consider that the History of Political Ideas challenges the present climate of opinion: it subverts the dominant corrosive forces of moral relativism, intolerant neo-positivism, end-of-history obsessions, postmodernist deconstructions, agnosticism, nihilism, new age religions, and the all-pervasive ideology of money. Eric Voegelin achieves all this leading his readers from Antiquity to Modern Age. His monumental work begins with the “spiritual disintegration” of the Greek world, after the peak of Plato and Aristotle, a disintegration that ushered a long process of transition in the self-understanding of man in the Mediterranean world. The series goes through Middle Ages , R enaissance and Reformation as Voegelin analyzes the collapse of imperial Christianity, which led to the rise of autonomous reason and sectarian revolts that reached full development in later centuries. A new form of modern human consciousness replaced the Christian understanding of a divinely created closed cosmos. The collection ends - in a suspensive way - with “The Crisis and the Apocalypse of Man” focused on thinkers such as Comte, Bakunine and Marx; although they experienced true epiphanies, they become self-obsessed to the detriment of the world to which they refer. Such “Apocalypse of Man” must now be challenged, albeit with methodologies and hermeneutic principles other than those that Voegelin himself abandoned some decades ago.

Weapons technology is a key factor contributing to cultural evolution because it enables humans actively to protect themselves from a variety of natural threats and expand their access to resources. In contrast to non-military technologies, the purpose of which is to subordinate and shape inanimate, non-intentional or trivial, regular states, weapons primarily serve to assert one’s own will against self-determined, intentional and non-trivially acting organisms. This functional idiosyncrasy establishes the basis for a continuous arms race, which begins with the need to anticipate phenotypical and mental abilities of animals and other humans through weapons technology before leading to the anticipation of attack and defence capacities of groups and, ultimately, the anticipation of accumulated intelligence and productive accomplishments of entire political states. The dynamics of development in weapons technology prove that weapons are simultaneously an index and a motor of cultural and cognitive evolution. Weapons reflect the organizational and technical capabilities of cultures, indicating special cognitive capacities bound up with the abstract anticipation of enemies as well as the ability to produce mental models of complex adversarial entities. At the same time, weapons relay intercultural and internal selection pressures by playing a decisive role in the processes of general technological and organizational innovation. This innovation also influences the formation of practices, norms, motives and self-images. As such, weapons technology concretizes an integral principle governing cultural evolution and civilizational history. Author(s): Davor Löffler, John J. McGraw and Niels N. Johannsen Title (English): Weapons in and as History: On the Ontogenerative Function of Materialized Preemption and Intelligence in Weapons Technology Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 16, No. 1-2 (Summer - Winter 2019) Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje Page Range: 68-77 Page Count: 10 Citation (English): Davor Löffler, John J. McGraw and Niels N. Johannsen, “Weapons in and as History: On the Ontogenerative Function of Materialized Preemption and Intelligence in Weapons Technology,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 16, No. 1-2 (Summer - Winter 2019): 68-77.

Miloje M. Vasić (1869–1956) is considered to be the founding father of Serbian archaeology. This paper directly challenges, as based on detailed archival research, the prevailing view that his excavation of the Vinča archaeological site is a model standard for Serbian archaeology. Instead, Vasić’s handling of the excavation was selective, non-systematic and destructive when viewed today from the perspective of modern practices. Vasić originally gained authority based on the discovery of Vinča, a prehistoric archaeological site that contains layers from the Neolithic to the middle ages. In his zeal to uncover “prehistory”, he deliberately ignored the other archaeological layers present. The most significant example of neglected archaeological remains is his excavations of Vinča’s medieval cemetery where he did not document observations systematically. This prioritization of the importance of one archaeological period over another was reflected in the further development of archaeology in Serbia, so that medieval archaeology was treated as marginal and second-rate compared to others. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to contextualize Vasić’s approach through the methods used in the history of archaeology. The key research question thereof is how Miloje M. Vasić failed to document the burials at the Vinča site, which is the consequent reason why there is little to no documented evidence of them. The theoretical and methodological basis of the analysis is based on the approach of Gavin Lucas who views the creation of the primary field documentation as testimony. Lucas notes that the debate concerning knowledge production had drifted from merely an epistemological issue to a phenomenon centered around archaeological practice. Here the key questions have come to concern the social and material setting of knowledge production and not the objective coherence of the argument. Burials that were noted in Vasić’s documentation are categorized into four groups: 1) unwanted or medieval burials; 2) incidental burials originating from prehistory 3) an “ossuary” from Vinča containing nine skeletons and 4) imagined multiple cremations based on one found cremation. Therefore, even while documenting several “lateral” prehistoric graves, he entirely omitted any thorough documentation of the medieval cemetery, considering them of less import. If there is any lesson that may be learned from this journey through the history of archaeological practice, it is that archaeological documentation as a form of testimony should be done ethically, adequately and responsibly. It should not be done according to the practices of the “bad science” of its founding-fathers.

The aim of this essay is to outline some fundamental features in the history of the concept of Morphology, from Goethe to visual studies. In its connection to the idea of dynamic systems, this concept has now grown as the focus of an extremely wide field of research, covering apparently disparate disciplines, ranging from mathematics to biology, from philosophy to aesthetics and history of art. At the core of this complex research frame are the concepts of form and image in their epistemological, aesthetic and cultural significance

The paper focuses on the role of operationalization (i.e., the building of models and the setting down of rules of annotation) in quantitative research in the humanities, and especially in the history of ideas. On the one hand, the presence of fully explicit annotation rules and fully operationalized concepts allows one to formulate claims that are clearly verifiable, or falsifiable, or in any case testable. On the other hand, full operationalization seems to have some controversial aspects: is it practically feasible? Is verifiability what we always want to achieve in the humanities? Are operationalized concepts semantically “well-anchored”?

This article contributes to the exploration of socialist and anti-centralism protests during the Second French Republic. By analyzing foundations of a babouvist critique formulated by the deputy Joseph Benoît, this article highlights a discreet tradition of direct democracy. Benoît’s bill, “Proposal on cantonal organization. Popular constitution of canton” (“Proposition sur l’organisation cantonale. Constitution populaire du canton”), was discussed in 1850 at the Legislative Assembly. It defends the existence of an administrative and legislative centralism combined with a decentralization of executive power at the cantonal level. It also promotes methods of representative appointments by proposing mixed criteria. While in many ways, the bill has similarities with the Constitution of the Year III (1795) and Babouvist doctrine of Buonarroti, Benoît stands out from robespierrism by rejecting the principle of individual private property and does not adhere to the buonarroti’s communism of distribution. The neo-Babouvism claimed by Benoît thus intends to promote a « unitary volontarism » from below, regulated by a renewal rousseauist contractualism.

The emergence of indigenous movements in the early 1990s, on the national and international arenas, was accompanied by important identity and territorial transformations in Latin America. In Chile, during this same period, the question of territory became central to Mapuche demands. However, the notion of territory remains fairly recent in the scientific literature concerning them. Therefore, it seemed important to retrace the history of this concept from studies carried out in Mapuche territory during the 20th century and to see how it is present without being pronounced, and thus to better understand the relationship between the scientific and political fields. Through a bibliographical research on the main anthropological, sociological and historical works carried out during this period of maturation of the Mapuche territorial discourse (20th century) we will see how the pioneering studies of Faron and Stuchlik gave a socio-cultural dimension to the representation of community spaces, while the sociological studies carried out during the Agrarian Reform forged the "Mapuche question" from a social, economic and political point of view. Finally, it is in the context of the return to democracy that the emergence of land studies will make it possible to link the historical question of usurped land with that of territory.

Copyright of Recherches Sociographiques is the property of Recherches Sociographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Miloje M. Vasić (1869–1956) is considered to be the founding father of Serbian archaeology. This paper directly challenges, as based on detailed archival research, the prevailing view that his excavation of the Vinča archaeological site is a model standard for Serbian archaeology. Instead, Vasić’s handling of the excavation was selective, non-systematic and destructive when viewed today from the perspective of modern practices. Vasić originally gained authority based on the discovery of Vinča, a prehistoric archaeological site that contains layers from the Neolithic to the middle ages. In his zeal to uncover “prehistory”, he deliberately ignored the other archaeological layers present. The most significant example of neglected archaeological remains is his excavations of Vinča’s medieval cemetery where he did not document observations systematically. This prioritization of the importance of one archaeological period over another was reflected in the further development of archaeology in Serbia, so that medieval archaeology was treated as marginal and second-rate compared to others. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to contextualize Vasić’s approach through the methods used in the history of archaeology. The key research question thereof is how Miloje M. Vasić failed to document the burials at the Vinča site, which is the consequent reason why there is little to no documented evidence of them. The theoretical and methodological basis of the analysis is based on the approach of Gavin Lucas who views the creation of the primary field documentation as testimony. Lucas notes that the debate concerning knowledge production had drifted from merely an epistemological issue to a phenomenon centered around archaeological practice. Here the key questions have come to concern the social and material setting of knowledge production and not the objective coherence of the argument. Burials that were noted in Vasić’s documentation are categorized into four groups: 1) unwanted or medieval burials; 2) incidental burials originating from prehistory; 3) an “ossuary” from Vinča containing nine skeletons and 4) imagined multiple cremations based on one found cremation. Therefore, even while documenting several “lateral” prehistoric graves, he entirely omitted any thorough documentation of the medieval cemetery, considering them of less import. If there is any lesson that may be learned from this journey through the history of archaeological practice, it is that archaeological documentation as a form of testimony should be done ethically, adequately and responsibly. It should not be done according to the practices of the “bad science” of its founding-fathers.

How a teacher and professor of ancient Greek language and literature at Sorbonne University met Vernant and his fellows : a testimony.

The aim of this article is to analyze the theoretical heritage of the sociology of Brazilian food, especially stemming from the work of Gilberto Freyre and Câmara Cascudo, which served to construct a « national » framework for a cuisine in formation, at a time when this qualifier seemed most important. Today, under globalization, these categories can and should be critically revised.

After the Cold War and more specifically at the beginning of the 21st century we are witnessing a resurgence of Anti-Americanism in the West. This paper explores the origins of Anti-American ideas and discourse, arguing that they go beyond just a simple reaction to various U.S. decisions and actions on the world stage. Drawing upon constructivist theories and approaches in the study of international relations that put a premium on the role of heuristics and ideas in international politics, it attempts to uncover the cultural substratum that lies underneath current criticism oriented against the U.S., focusing on two significant actors of the Euro-Atlantic community: Germany and France, The main findings of this historical approach highlight the existence of a negative cultural predisposition when considering U.S. behavior and mere existence in the world. As such, Anti-Americanism generates cognitive biases which are greatly inflated due to the technological tools available in the information era. Moreover, this predisposition may be unintentionally or willingly activated, given the increasing impact of public opinion on the preferences of democratic states in the realm of international relations. Hence, the study may be of use not just for research dedicated to history and international relations, but also for academic and decision-making circles interested into information warfare.

Copyright of XVIIe Siècle is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The British literary theorist Terry Eagleton has significantly influenced contemporary debates on culture. This essay provides a reading of his book The Idea of Culture (2000), in which Eagleton discusses historical, philosophical and political contexts of notions of "culture" thereby unveiling the political interests inherent to such conceptual constructions. The essay highlights Eagleton's complex understanding of relations between nature and culture as well as his own materialist approach to culture.

Harriet Martineau (1802–1876), sociologist, historian and novelist, was also a talented populariser. Illustrations of Political Economy (1832–1834) is her attempt to make Malthusian and Ricardian theories accessible to all, through the use of fiction. Two of the twenty-five tales featured take place in Garveloch, a remote Scottish island which provides the setting for a socio-demographic experiment. The paper shows how Martineau set up a colourful Malthusian utopia that also challenged traditional gender roles. Her Autobiography suggests that she knowingly took a calculated risk, incurring the wrath of the Tory press. In particular, the empowerment of female characters, able to discuss birth control and decide against matrimony, was in breach of Victorian values. Undeterred by her detractors, Martineau carried on as a pioneer and political activist.

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Copyright of Études Sartriennes is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Études Sartriennes is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Études Sartriennes is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Études Sartriennes is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Études Sartriennes is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Études Sartriennes is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Author is of the opinion that cultural impact of modern theoretical physics is entirely negative. This is so because modern theoretical physics does not have a consistent view of the world. This is to be compared with the blessing of having a consistent and understandable view of the world, as given, for example, by the mediaeval astronomy and theology.

This essay reviews The Casebooks Project, an ambitious attempt to digitize 80,000 astrological medical records from early modern England. The Casebooks Project exemplifies the possibilities of using digital technologies to understand early modern cultural and intellectual history, and offers us insight into the process of creating such a project. However, it remains unclear who the project’s audience is, whether to see it purely as a ‘dataset’ or as a textual-based digital edition, and how public-facing the project wants to be. This review seeks to use the digital edition and Dr. Lauren Kassell’s ongoing scholarly and public reflections on the project to highlight the project’s successes and suggest further possibilities it may inspire.

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Copyright of Revue d'Ètudes Proustiennes is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The detached house is not the houseThe common modern detached house is much indebted architecturally to the imagination of the aristocratic follies of the eighteenth century and the hygienist theories of the nineteenth century. They both are responsible for creating a solitary object around which the owner can circulate. The detached house’s space occupation (that the author has already studied extensively) corresponds perfectly to the quiet life sought by its inhabitant and the reluctance of this inhabitant towards adjacent townhouses. Yet, this form of housing consumes too much of building land, makes this land scarce and expensive while complicating all the networks, which serve it. Understanding the hidden mechanisms of attractive cultural construction that is the detached home (and not only the "ideology against the detached housing ") can help the recognition (re-cognition) of the cohousing, with small garden, as an alternative to detached house in the context of urban growth.