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Copyright of XVIIe Siècle is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Isaac Watts has often been called the “Father of English Hymnology”, being at the head of a great outpouring of hymn compositions and hymn singing during the eighteenth century. This article shows that the communal singing of English hymns actually had its origins in the royal courts of France and England but was finally achieved among the Nonconformists around the City of London. Many of the advances in composition began with the congregational singing of psalms in the sixteenth century developed through the interactions of theologians, royalty and poets in the French-speaking world. However, the communal singing of hymns began a century later as a slow painful process among the disadvantaged and excluded. Despite persecution and internal opposition, it was a network of “sectaries” of late seventeenth century England who finally implemented communal hymn singing: they were the Particular Baptists. A major inspiration was also provided by a reclusive and sensitive Anglican priest called John Mason. It was then in the early eighteenth century, with this foundation of composition and practice in place that poet, theologian, and Congregational minister, Isaac Watts (1674-1748), was able to compose and publish his works and make hymn singing available to a much wider public and consequently stimulate a new generation of hymnwriters.

In France, despite the barrier that the French language can represent for adults socialized abroad in other languages, publicly funded language training is not available for all those who wish to enrol but is aimed at priority groups which change periodically. International comparison, here with England, allows us to question this state of affairs, its origins and its consequences. Based on a study in a French and an English city between 2010 and 2015, this article shows how different categories articulating gender, nationality, level of training, length of immigration and administrative status determine access to language training and certification in each city. While analysing the organisation, in both cities, of language training in unequally resourced spaces, it explores the role envisaged for language provision in the distribution of social positions.

Devolution has characterised Welsh political life for about a quarter of a century now. While it has undoubtedly embedded itself in Wales and been strengthened over time, Welsh society is nevertheless still wrestling with a series of entrenched problems, such as child poverty or high unemployment. To many, this is the sign that devolution is not working, and, to an increasing minority, that it can in fact never work. The latter are therefore calling for independence from the United Kingdom (where the gap between rich and poor is thought to be wider than it has been for a century) in an attempt to turn Wales around for good. The logic undergirding their criticisms and policy proposals, however, does not always seem unassailable. For example, they often hold up Ireland as an example although its economy is as liberalised as that of the UK, while their constant focus on London and the British state may well divert attention from far more worrying difficulties.

This paper offers a French translation, along with a commentary, of the Old English poem The Battle of Brunanburh. The battle itself took place in 937 in the North of England: King Æthelstan and his brother and heir Edmund achieved victory over a coalition that included the vikings of Dublin and the Scots under King Constantine II. The poem was composed in honour of the victors and was inserted in five manuscripts (A, B, C, D, G) of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

Copyright of Médiévales is the property of Presses Universitaires de Vincennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médiévales is the property of Presses Universitaires de Vincennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work scrutinises the B. P. Wolffe’s influential argument that the Yorkist «land revenue experiment» transformed the English crown’s finances. It pioneers quantitative estimates of the Yorkist royal budget which emphasise the limited net gains derived from the crown’s resumption of alienated lands. This demonstrates that the notion of «living of the king’s own» which was central to the work of Sir John Fortescue does not afford a realistic blueprint for how a fifteenth-century government could manage its finances, but rather denotes an ideological, class-based, opposition to the lay tax burden. These themes demonstrate the intellectual rigour of the «Bonney-Ormrod model of fiscal change», which accounts for historical fiscal systemic regression from «tax» to «domain» states, as occurred in Yorkist England, just as much as it does more commonly discussed cases of systemic fiscal advancement characteristic of much of early modern Western Europe.

Studies that examine the last decade of Elizabethan Ireland have generally been preoccupied with discussions about the Nine Years War (1596-1603) and the struggle for dominance between the Irish confederacy and the English government. Cornered into taking sides between faith and state, English Catholics in Ireland became subjects of suspicion in the eyes of Elizabethan authorities. In Spain, Philip III’s lukewarm responses to the confederacy’s appeals were associated with the political ramifications that could potentially worsen Anglo-Spanish relations. This essay focuses on the diplomatic dimensions of the Anglo-Irish conflict against the backdrop of Anglo-Spanish tensions and re-evaluates the origins of Hiberno-Spanish relations in Elizabethan Ireland. Within this context, my analysis of the exchanges between the Spanish council and the Irish confederacy analyses the ways in which diplomatic relations among England, Ireland, and Spain shaped a narrative that extirpates the Irish confederates’ “faith and fatherland” ideology, paving a way to a new order that privileged practical diplomatic benefits over religious imperatives.

Copyright of Médiévales is the property of Presses Universitaires de Vincennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of De Computis is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Contabilidad y Administracion de Empresas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is to analyze good practice in teaching about the Holocaust, comparing the use of pedagogical resources in Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and England (United Kingdom). The paper compares the use of three types of pedagogical resources used in history classes: fictional films, documentaries, and photographs of Holocaust atrocities. Comparison is drawn between a developing and post-conflict society (Republika Srpska) and the well-established and reputable English educational system. By cross-referencing teachers’ and students’ answers, the paper attempts to identify good practice of notable value to be shared and exchanged. The research method firstly incorporated questionnaires, followed by interviews and then lesson observation. Data revealed that teachers in both education systems do not appear to consider all the educational benefits of film screening. The way teachers from England use pictures of Holocaust atrocities and organization of school trips seem to be applicable to the context of Republika Srpska, as well as being useful for classroom practitioners beyond these two education systems.

Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article offers an intensive comparison of two queen consorts, Leonor de Trastámara, consort of Carlos III of Navarre (r. 1387-1425) and her sister-in-law, Joan of Navarre, consort of Henry IV of England (r. 1399-1413). Key similarities and differences in their lives and experience of queenship are revealed by an examination of the major ceremonies that marked their tenure as consort and their personal exercise of the queen’s office. As well as bringing greater illumination to their individual lives, the comparison also deepens our understanding of queenship, not only in Navarre and England, but more broadly in the later middle ages.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect that Word-Of-Mouth (WOM) could have on consumers in different countries, with respect to brand-choice, brand-image, product-category choice, the quantity purchased of a product/brand, and with respect to the likelihood of sharing a product/brand experience depending on a consumer's level of satisfaction with a specific product-category or brand (Satisfied, Dissatisfied, or Delighted). The hypotheses to be investigated were generated from the literature, and then used to define the variables that were later integrated in a Discriminant-Analysis, to help differentiate between the effects that WOM could have on the product/brand-related decisions stated above, in different countries. The effect of WOM on products categories and brands differs from one country to another on several facets, as illustrated here through the case of England and Russia. The findings of this paper advise marketers on whether to standardize their reliance on WOM to support their brands in different countries, or adapt its extent and manner to each specific country. Ability to predict consumers' country of origin, merely by analysing their answers to survey questions, and therefore foresee the differentiated effect of WOM on products and brands in each country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to compare the development of special education practices for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Egypt and England and gain an understanding of those factors that enhance or hinder special education in both countries. The study applies a comparative framework method. The findings provide a better understanding of special education practices and factors that enhanced or hindered the special education for ASD across the two countries. The findings reveal that special education practice in Egypt was hindered by low economic status, scarcity of cultural awareness, inadequate financial support, absence of education policy for ASD, and political orientation towards centralization. While, in England education policy, cultural awareness, economy, and scientific technology have been identified as important enhancing factors for special education. The study suggests some recommendations for developing special education for ASD in Egypt.

The history of the relationship between France and Scotland is deeply rooted in the unstable context of late medieval Europe. First drafted in the late 13th century, the yet-to-be Auld Alliance” was to stand for several centuries. Its heritage, overshadowed either by sentimentalism or harsh criticism, is still a matter for debate. This study aims at exploring this narrative and at pushing beyond the usual and restrictive boundaries of traditional warfare. By looking at the diplomatic sources that initially defined and shaped the Alliance, it appears that the Franco-Scottish league was serving more than one purpose, that its military aspects were inherently limited, and that its main ambition was probably not to crush the English might on conventional battlefields. The Alliance was built and promoted in the name of peace, as a public and international display of mutual love between Christian princes, involving their peoples and realms in the process. The Alliance proved to be a powerful tool of legitimacy for the kings of France and Scotland, as well as a political and highly symbolic apparatus aimed at mutually reinforcing the rightful stance of the allies against the cruel and ungodly claims of the English kings.

In comparison with other European nations, 19th-century burial reform in England is often related as a history of difference and failure. England lacked centralising legislation to enforce the establishment of new, sanitary cemeteries. Rather, permissive regulation encouraged the creation of new cemeteries, largely reliant on local initiative. This paper presents a re-evaluation of that history by focussing on archival documents from the General Board of Health and local burial board minutes. The paper discusses the way in which key individuals and agencies developed a refined understanding of the sanitary dangers presented by decomposing bodies. This understanding rested on deep familiarity with Continental European research and practices. Despite the lack of centralising legislation, the General Board of Health and the Burial Office administered an effective system of sanitary burial governance which combined inspection, advice and bureaucratic processes that worked with local communities to develop a national network of cemeteries that were managed according to scientific practices.

This article examines the travel activities and records of the English author John Evelyn, who undertook an extensive journey through continental Europe in the mid-17th century and documented his impressions in a retrospective travel account called the Diary. The analysis focuses on Evelyn’s descriptions of the buildings that he visited during his stays in Paris and Rome. The descriptive passages are examined comparatively taking account of Evelyn’s descriptive methods and his understanding of architecture. The central aim is to establish which buildings he saw in Paris and Rome and how he assessed what he saw. The judgments formulated in the Diary are examined in relation to Evelyn’s later writings on architecture in order to find out (1) whether John Evelyn was able to acquire knowledge about architecture and urban planning based on his travel impressions and (2) whether this knowledge enriched his later reflections on architecture and enabled him to form an independent opinion.

In the religious literature of Anglo-Saxon England, allusions to the destiny and appearance of the blessed dead in the other world generally include, as expected in a Christian context of belief in the resurrection of the flesh, mentions of their bodies, and particularly of their food habits. The repertoire of this spiritual literature normally includes representations of spiritual ebriety, the word of God as food and paradise as a place for feasting. However, those images are given in many nuances, between prose and poetry, Latin and Old English texts. Whereas Latin prose tends to evoke bodies and food without reluctance, vernacular poetry appears much more cautious towards such representations.

Abstract: It has long been a shared assumption of textile specialists that the underside couching technique was used exclusively in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. England is the most renowned medieval center of gold embroidery in this technique, although sporadic examples are known from other centers, particularly in Italy. Works of gold embroidery that employ underside couching, no matter how Byzantine their stylistic appearance, have been attributed to Western workshops based on the principle that the Byzantines were ignorant of the technique. New information, however, should prompt a reevaluation of this assumption. Several examples that have recently come to light from the regions north of the Black Sea suggest that the Byzantines and their Slavic neighbors may have experimented with the underside couching technique in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries.

The manuscript Avranches, Bibliothèque patrimoniale, 159 is an extraordinary piece of evidence for the writing of universal chronicles in twelfth century Normandy. It contains the “working-copy” of the chronicle of Robert of Torigni (1106-1186), abbot of Mont Saint-Michel, an update and continuation of the universal chronicle of Sigibert of Gembloux (1030-1112). The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the visual and textual features that make Avranches 159 Robert of Torigni’s Liber Chronicorum. With his chronography, Robert of Torigni aimed to join the authoritative Eusebius-Jeromian tradition of chronicle-writing. Whilst maintaining the visual unity of the manuscript, Robert altered its chronographic structure to include the Anglo-Saxon and the Anglo-Norman past as the realization of the divine plan. As contextualized in the visual totality of Avranches 159, Robert of Torigni’s chronography appears as a sophisticated textual project that aimed to integrate Henry II’s dynastic past into universal history to enhance the legitimacy of the English king.

Drawing upon archival sources, diplomatic documents and memoirs, this paper traces the history of the XV International Brigade, which fought alongside the Second Republic in the Spanish Civil War, focusing on the American, British and Canadian volunteers.

Using contemporary and historical sources about one medium-sized provincial city in England, this short paper examines the distinctive features of gay life outside major metropolitan cities. This provocation engages with the question of violence and discrimination against LGBT people in small and medium sized European cities. However, it focuses more on thinking about everyday life in such cities. Conceptually, the paper attempts to provincialize certain key theoretical assumptions about contemporary sexual politics. Empirically, this short paper draws on literary and archival sources about gay life in Leicester (and the broader English East Midlands region) in the late 20th century, along with ethnographic observations conducted in the city over the last decade. In thinking about these issues through a diverse range of empirical material, this paper engages with Catherine J. Nash and Andrew Gorman-Murray’s call for geographers to utilize assemblage thinking to help theorize how contemporary sexual lives and sexual politics are shaped by the coming together of recent socio-legal changes and various new socio-technical arrangements.

Far from being a purely incidental aspect of daily life in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, gambling and games of chance sparked heated controversies on both sides of the Channel throughout the period. The engagement of these activities with money, well studied by historians, made them objects of considerable concern. Gambling, any form of gambling, was seen as an activity that favoured cheating and suspicious, illicit transfers of money. Because of their heavy reliance chance, all profits resulting from games of hazard could potentially be considered a form of theft according to Puritan moralists. Gambling was more generally the target of invectives from religious authorities from all quarters, who were wary of this emerging parallel economy, and from many moralists who sometimes called for its outright ban. The debts and resulting impoverishment caused by gaming also worried public authorities. It is therefore not surprising that the social phenomenon of gambling became such a widespread motif in the literature and iconography of the period. The present collection of articles has grown out of a regular seminar on games and gaming held in 2019 and 2020, and an international conference on cheating and gambling in the early modern period held at Sorbonne Université in September 2020.

Copyright of Carnets: Revue Electronique d'Etudes Françaises / Revista Electrónica de Estudos Franceses is the property of Associacao Portuguesa de Estudos Franceses (APEF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the geopolitical imagination of enslaved communities during the years bracketing the end of the transatlantic slave trade to Brazil. Focusing on black rebellions that took place in 1848 and 1853 in São Paulo and Minas Gerais, the essay explores the analytical possibilities that open up when we take seriously what enslaved men and women thought about their interactions with English and French abolitionism.

The translations of Winckelmann’s works in the second half of Eighteenth century are prepared on the basis of two distinct methods: on the one hand, those produced by the European publishing market, independently of the personal control of the German art historian; on the other, those that Winckelmann himself seeks to manage directly or to which he subsequently grants his approval. The first case is strongly influenced by the lack of an intellectual property law that prevents the author from intervening in the revision of the text to be translated. In the second, other factors come into play, much more personal, such as the trust accorded to the translator or the guarantor of the translation.

In this paper, we are going to focus on the Historia de Inglaterra, a text written by Rodrigo de Cuero for Catherine of Aragon between 1502 and 1509. This text, conceived both as a synthesis of the history of England and of the world, is not merely a chronicle. Indeed, through the historical events he mentions, the author means to establish a real mirror for princes, as well as a plead in favour of the marriage of Catherine of Aragon to the future Henry VIII. The Historia therefore seems to have three purposes: first, to teach Catherine the history of her future kingdom; second, to give her advice on how she will have to behave as a queen; last, to demonstrate the legitimacy of the alliance that her wedding shall seal.

This article explores the sociocultural divide in England exposed by Brexit. The metaphors of ‘North’ and ‘South’ are used to explain this, where the former is seen as more culturally conservative and the latter as more cosmopolitan. We examine the Labour Party under Jeremy Corbyn and show how its values have shifted away from its Northern heartlands. The article uses a range of data including by-elections, local and general election results and statistics from the 2016 referendum on the United Kingdom’s continued membership of the European Union.

Since the 1970s, Scottish constitutional issues have been on the agenda in the UK, first with the devolutionary process then with the referendum on Scotland's independence. MPs from the North of England have criticized these developments while proving unable to stop them. This paper, mostly based on their speeches during parliamentary debates held on these topics, aims at mapping out their changing arguments over four decades.

E.M. Forster’s Howards End is constructed so as to highlight a coda in which the future of the quintessentially English estate seems to rely on Helen Schlegel and Leonard Bast’s son, a bastard by name and condition, whose essential importance can be traced in the centrality of his place of birth right in the middle of the symmetrical house. Such a teleological enhancement of the figure of the bastard invites a reconsideration of the novel’s axiological and aesthetic choices. The irony with which the purity of Englishness is treated in the course of the narrative but also the heterogeneity of its generic components become thus unmistakable. It is then an aesthetics of impurity which is being carried out and pointed out in Forster’s condition-of-England novel in which the figure of the bastard allows a reconciliation of Edwardian England’s paradoxes and contradictions. If Howards End can be deemed a modern novel it is then because of its celebration of bastardy both as an ideological principle and a novelistic modus operandi, a celebration which emphatically marks a rupture with Forster’s Victorian heritage.

There are three cases of «misgivings» of the Spanish crown due to the alleged imminence of English settlements on the southernmost coasts of Western Patagonia, a territory located between the province of Chiloé and the American border. These «misgivings», which gave rise to royal maritime reconnaissance orders that fell back on the governor of Chiloé, were provoked by the arrival at the Spanish court of «papeles de Londres» in which the ambassadors announced that England was preparing to take one or more ports from the South Sea. The cases allow us to analyze how these «papers» that generated «warnings» and dispatches constitute interesting cases to understand the circulation of information within the Spanish Empire, and between the latter and England, as well as the dynamics of the local (Chiloé) in relation to the regional (Chile, viceroyalty of Peru) and imperial (courts of Madrid and London), and vice versa. This was done by crossing information from Chilean, Spanish and English archives, with the intention of analyzing the history of the most radical Indian periphery through its link with modern European history.

Ortaçağ’daki İngiliz kraliyet makamı algısı 13. ve 14. yüzyıllarda meşruiyet açısından iki farklı hukuki kaynak tarafından biçimlendirildi. Bir taraftan, 12. yüzyılda Avrupa’da Roma Hukuku geleneğinin yeniden canlanışı, kralı Yaşayan Yasa olarak tanımlayarak yasaların üzerine yerleştiren Lex Animata kavramsallaştırmasıyla kral merkezli bir yönetim için dayanak oldu. Diğer taraftan, 12. ve 13. yüzyıllarda geliştirilen İngiliz Örfi Hukuk geleneği (Common Law) kralların keyfi yönetimine sınırlandırma getirmek için İngiliz Ortaçağ hukukçularına güçlü bir dayanak noktası oluşturdu. Bu yaklaşım, 13. yüzyıl İngiliz hukukçusu Henry Bracton’un “Kralı Kral Yapan Yasadır” formülasyonunda somut halini aldı. Bu temelde, bu çalışma lex animata ve lex facit regem anlayışları çerçevesinde 13. ve 14. Yüzyıl İngiliz siyaset düşüncesinin genel bir çerçevesini çizmektedir. Çalışmada, krallık yönetimine dair iki farklı düşünceden kaynaklanan gerilimin çözümsüz kaldığı ve Geç Ortaçağ İngiltere’sinde teorik ve pratik açıdan siyasal krize kaynaklık teşkil ettiği savunulacaktır.

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses The "art for the sake of art" theory in England against Victorian moral criticism, which includes the claim of "art for the sake of art" in Victorian society, far to be the affirmation of a privileged position from which the artist should benefit, as an authorization of impunity, must be understood in the context where absolute premium, in the appreciation of art, its moral component.

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of French Journal of British Studies / Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique is the property of Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes en Civilisation Britannique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)