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This research aims to evaluate the ergonomics of passenger seating in speed boats used as a means of transportation in the Derawan Islands, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan. This evaluation was carried out by considering anthropometric data from the Indonesian people. Anthropometric data is used to design seats that suit the size and needs of passengers to increase passenger safety and comfort during travel. The research method involved collecting anthropometric data from Indonesian people of various ages and genders. This data is used as a basis for designing seating that suits variations in human body size. Ergonomic evaluation is carried out by considering parameters such as seat width, seat back, seat cushion width, seat height, and the distance between two seats. This research indicates that existing seating designs must meet the optimal criteria for passenger ergonomic needs. Therefore, recommendations for improving seating design are prepared based on the results of the ergonomic evaluation. This design improvement aims to increase passenger safety and comfort and reduce the risk of injury. This research contributes to developing more ergonomic seating designs for sea transportation, especially using speed boats in the Derawan Islands area. The results of the ergonomic evaluation and recommendations for improvements can be used by related parties to improve service quality and passenger safety in the Derawan Islands.

The assessment of the nutritional status is based on data including elements of the interrogation (food consumption, and evaluation of ingesta), clinical data based on the results of anthropometric, and body composition measurements, of biological mar-kers and/or multifactorial indexes. More complex assessment methods can be utilized. Undernutrition screening is based on elucidating relevant risk factors, and estimating food intake; however, undernutrition diagnosis is based on the measurement of nutri-tional markers. Food surveys allow to assess the intakes of an individual, or a group of individuals. Some of them estimate the consumption on specific days, others evaluate the usual consumption. The nutritional status assessment is carried out throughout clini-cal tools, common biological parameters, and validated composite indices, in addition to the evaluation of the overall food intake. More or less sophisticated tools (biophysical measurements), associating biological markers, such as: albumin, transthyretin, transferrin, retinol vector protein, etc., combined with clinical or anthropometric para-meters (body mass index (BMI), skin folds, circumference measurements, etc.), have been suggested attempting to ameliorate the nutritional status assessment, and to identify potentially undernourished subjects. Nutritional diagnosis is established further collecting clinical, and biological parameters, and validated composite indices. There-fore, this diagnosis remains the essential initial step to undertake prior any nutritional care, conditioning both therapy, and subsequent prognosis of nutritional pathology. However, it cannot be achieved by a single tool because none has enough sensitivity and specificity allowing the diagnosis of the type and severity of undernutrition

Undernutrition is a frequent problem in medicine. In practice, it concerns all practitioners, whether they work in the city, in hospitals, or in medico-social structures. In view of its deleterious physiopathological consequences for each individual, it deserves to be diagnosed and screened, particularly in certain high-risk situations (notably in the case of a lack of intake, increased needs and losses) and in principle in the elderly. In this context, the tools available to the practitioner are numerous, including: data from the clinical examination, anthropometric data (weight, BMI, skin folds), biological data (mainly albumin, transthyretin, BPR), and composite indices and nutritional scores (including the MNA, NRI, SGA, NRS- 2002 and MUST) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the variability through age of some body proportions in metric and modular system, compared with conventional canons or from the art history. The subject's group include 753 males and 669 females between 18 to 65 years old from the main historical and geographical provinces of Romania. The variation of stature average values and of the 5 dimensions-modules (head length, total face length, sternum length, thorax depth, hand length) spread through 5 decades of age was assessed. The average values of the proportions of these modules for stature, among them some dimensions of the torso, have been calculated. The average values of the obtained 24 proportions have been compared by decades of age with the average values from the group and with the above mentioned canons. The harmony of the proportions has been verified by significance test (Student test, Z-score, etc.). The results show a harmonious development of the body proportions, especially in the first decades of age for both sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the technical fit of a garment can affect an individual’s ability to fit in. It challenges the tool box used by practitioners working with anthropometric data (the surface measurements of the human body) and has produced new methods that are less reliant on published averages. Some of the article’s questions are: how does anthropometric data and the study of human anatomy influence notions of an ideal body? In what ways do anthropometric data and patternmaking principles include or exclude diverse body types? And what tools can be developed to assist designing for diverse bodies? The article takes a multi-method and multi-theory approach to the research and investigates concepts of fit through phenomenology, semiotics and anatomy. By exploring experimental methods in cut, it challenges the meaning of a key example of conservatism and uniformity in tailoring, the grey flannel suit, and reflects on the question, what is good fit?

There are several factors and conditions that need attention such as patient health, different sizes and components used in manufacturing leg prosthetic. During this time, Mr.X has used prosthetic leg but with an inappropriate size, the prosthetic leg is longer than the original size of MR.X's foot so that it results in discomfort when use until complaints of injury. One ergonomic approach that can be applied in the design of an equipment to produce optimal products according to the dimensions of the user's body is anthropometry. Measurement of anthropometric data according to the body dimensions of Mr.X for the redesign of prosthetic leg by paying attention to the work activities of the user including the body dimension of D6 of 87.5 cm, D7 of 64 cm, D11 of 38 cm, D12 of 11.8 cm, D13 of 39 cm, D14 of 37 cm, D15 is 52 cm,D16 of 40.2 cm, D30 is 20.5 cm and D31 of 8 cm. In the trial redesign of Leg Prosthetic obtained a better sense of comfort, lighter than the previous prosthetic leg, and no need to use tools in the form of sticks when walking.

Copyright of Antropo is the property of Antropo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is the third study regarding the harmony of some body proportions appreciated in metric and modular system (Luca et al., 2018: 69--83; Luca et al., 2019: 39--53). The group of subjects comprises 743 males with an average age of 36.88 ± 11.88 years and 709 females with an average age of 32.74 ± 10.62 years, coming from the main historical and geographical provinces of Romania. Five dimension modules (head length, total facial height, sternum height, chest depth, hand length) were put in proportion with stature/height, between them and with three torso diameters (shoulders width, pelvis width, transverse thoracic diameter) resulting 25 proportions on which are added the indexes of shoulders width, pelvis width, and torso shape. The average values of some dimensions and of torso indexes were compared with the average national values (Z). No significant differences were observed, which confers representativeness for the group. The average values of the proportions resulted based on dimensions modules were compared with canons from the art history and with "canons" deduced by us from the anthropometric practice based on new dimension modules (sternum height, chest depth, head length). The results mostly confirm the closeness to the canons and sustain the harmonious development of the torso despite the volume fluctuations, the differences between the samples, and the possible microevolutive differences. The metric and conformative dimorphism highlighted by Student test (t), sexual dimorphism index, and Z-test illustrate a harmonious development for both sexes, a little more emphasized for males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Introduction. En Algérie la malnutrition chez les enfants est un phénomène associé à la transition nutritionnelle comme dans tous les pays en développement. Objectif. Cette étude vise à déterminer l'état staturo-pondéral des enfants scolarisés à Tébessa et de cerner la prévalence de l’anémie et ses facteurs explicatifs. Matériel et méthodes. Deux cents enfants (F/G, 111/89) d’âge moyen de 8,55±1,8 ans ont été recrutés en 2014 dans 8 établissements scolaires. Un questionnaire a été élaboré pour la réalisation de l’enquête dont les principaux volets sont : Mesures anthropométriques : Poids, taille, Indice de masse corporelle (IMC), périmètre crânien et périmètre brachial, la fréquence de consommation des produits carnés, fruits et légumes et aliments riches en vitamines C. Un prélèvement sanguin a été réalisé pour chaque enfant enquêté pour la détermination de la numération de la formule sanguine (FNS) et le dosage du fer sérique. Résultats. Pour les deux sexes, la courbe de l’indice IMC/âge est significativement décalée vers la droite par rapport à la population de référence. La même constatation a été faite pour la courbe poids/âge. Quarante huit % des enfants présentent un excès pondéral. Selon l’indice taille pour âge, 23% des enfants sont touchés par un retard de croissance. La prévalence de l’anémie en fonction du taux d’hémoglobine est de 21,5%, alors que l’anémie par carence en fer est de 22%. Les enfants qui consomment plus de 2-fois par semaine des légumes et des fruits et des aliments riches en vitamine C sont significativement moins touchés par l’anémie que les enfants qui les consomment 1 à 2-fois par semaine (OR 4,9 et 5,05), (p = 0,006 et p < 0,0007) respectivement. L’analyse logistique de régression a montré qu’il n'y a pas d’association significative entre la prévalence de l'anémie et le rang de fratrie, le niveau d’instruction de la mère, la taille du ménage et l’âge de l’enfant. Conclusion. Les taux de malnutrition sont inquiétants. Les résultats suggèrent que la carence en fer demeure la cause principale mais pas la seule déterminante de l’anémie chez les enfants scolarisés. [Abstract. Introduction. In Algeria, children malnutrition is a phenomenon associated with nutrition transition as in all developing countries. Objective. This study aimed to determine the height-of-weight status of scholar children in Tebessa and to determine the prevalence of anemia and its explanatory factors. Material and methods. Two hundred middle-aged children (G/B, 111/89) aged 8.55 ± 1.8 years were recruited in 8 schools in 2014. A questionnaire has been developed for the survey, concerning anthropometric measurements: weight, height, body mass index (BMI), head circumference and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), consumption frequency of meat products, fruits and vegetables, and foods rich in vitamin C. A blood test was performed for each child to determine blood count and serum iron. Results. For the both genders, the BMI-to-age index curve was significantly shifted to the right compared to the reference population. The same observation was noted for the weight-to-age curve. Forty eight % of children were overweight. According to the size-for-age index, 23% of children were stunted. The prevalence of anemia in relation to the hemoglobin level was 21.5%, whereas the iron deficiency anemia was 22%. Children who consumed vegetables and fruits, and foods rich in vitamin C, more than twice a week, were significantly less affected by anemia than children who consumed them once or twice a week (OR 4.9 and 5.05 ), (p = 0.006 and p

INTRODUCTION: Gobally, 50 million children under 5 were wasted; of which 16 million were severely wasted. A severely wasted child is at a nine times higher risk of dying. To prevent this problem, it is necessary to determine the magnitude and factors associated with childhood wasting. In Ethiopia specifically Wukro town, Tigray regional state there is no clear information regarding under five wasting. Therefore, the study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of wasting among under five children in wukro town,North Ethiopia.

Introduction: Maternal and perinatal morbi-mortality is higher in most of sub-Saharan Africa compared to the rest of the world. All women at risk for mechanical dystocia should be screened before labor and referred to a better equipped Hospital for childbirth. This would reduce morbimortality. This study aims to develop a predictive score of mechanical dystocia during childbirth among nulliparous Congolese women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of nulliparous women with single pregnancy in 7 Maternity Units in the city of Lubumbashi (DRC). Women' size, weight, and external pelvimetry results were collected and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Discrimination score was assessed using the ROC curve. Results: We included in the study 535 nulliparous women, of whom 126 (23.55%) had given birth by cesarean section due to mechanical dystocia. After logistic modelling, three criteria emerged as predictive factors for mechanical dystocia: maternal height <150 cm (adjusted OR=2.96 [1,49-5,87]), bi-ischiatic diameter <8 cm (adjusted OR =15.96 [3,46-73,56]), and Trillat's pre-pubic diameter <11 cm (adjusted OR =2.34 [1,36-4,01]). The area under the ROC curve of the score was 0.6549 with a sensitivity of 23.81%, a specificity of 97.80% and a positive predictive value of 76.92%. Conclusion: it has been observed that 10th percentile of the three maternal anthropometric measures was predictive of mechanical dystocia. When they were used together, these three values allowed for the development of lowest-cost screening score for use in low income settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before they left for the prison, the relégués could address requests to a commission of classification of the recidivists who met shortly before the organization of a convoy. If the remedy appeared to be legitimate, it could order further inquiries and, if necessary, submit a proposal of pardon to the Criminal Affairs and Pardons Department of the Department of Justice. Many relégués tried to lie about their identity to deceive the members of the commission. But they managed to easily circumvent these strategies through the use of identification tools such as the criminal record or anthropometry.

In the early years of Brazilian Republic, several lawyers, criminologists and policemen broadcast a novelty recently arrived from France: the anthropometric system for identifying people, adopted at the Parisian police by Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914). The idea of introducing the method called bertillonnage appeared in Brazil, since 1889, in government reports, travel books and newspapers. An Anthropometric Office was installed in the police of Rio de Janeiro in 1894, but barely worked until 1899, when it was reorganized and, in 1900, the identification of criminals by the method was established by a government decree. Measuring instruments and books were brought from Paris, the 'metropolis' of police identification, but the history of the Anthropometric Office of the Brazilian capital should not be interpreted as a simple process of imitation of a foreign method. This article examines the transnational constitution of the bertillonnage and the complex processes of reading, translation and adaptation involved in the use of anthropometry in the context of police practices in Rio de Janeiro.

The physician and anthropologist José Bastos de Ávila was a major figure in the field of physical anthropology in Brazil in the 1920s and 1930s. He was affiliated with the Museu Nacional and latter with the Instituto de Pesquisas Educacionais, both in Rio de Janeiro. In this article we analyze his research in physical anthropology, which focused on questions of race and miscegenation with particular emphasis on anthropometric characteristics of children. Based on surveys carried out in public schools in Rio de Janeiro, Ávila concluded that the children could not achieve higher levels of growth due to the precarious sanitary conditions prevailing in the neighborhoods. Ávila emphasized that the main problems in Brazil were related to poor health, hygiene and education of the population, and not to racial issues. Ávila participated in scientific expeditions, debated on archaeological heritage, conducted research on indigenous peoples and wrote a novel that received an award by the Academia Brasileira de Letras in 1932. We argue that the perspective of Ávila, marked by a critique of racial determinism, was part of an intellectual current of physical anthropology that prevailed at the Museu Nacional in the early decades of 20th century, which in turn was associated with broader sociopolitical dynamics in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: in sub Saharan Africa, childbirth remains a challenge that creates the need for additional screening tools. Maternal pelvis height, which is currently in use by automotive engineers has previously been shown to have significant associations with various childbirth related outcomes and events. This study set out to determine the associations between maternal: Age, height, weight and number of pregnancies with maternal pelvis height in Ugandan mothers. METHODS: this was a secondary analysis of maternal birth records from nine Ugandan hospitals, of mothers with singleton pregnancies. Data was analyzed using multilevel regression with respect to maternal pelvis height and additional analysis for tribe and site of childbirth intraclass correlations (ICCs). RESULTS: the mean maternal pelvis height was 7.30cm for the 2068 records. Maternal pelvis height was associated with: a 0.01cm reduction per centimeter of maternal height (P=0.02), 0.01cm increase per kg of maternal weight (P=0.01), 0.04cm increase for each additional pregnancy (P=0.03) and 0.03cm increase with respect to tribe of mother (P=0.27), for a constant of 7.97cm (P=0.01). The ICC for tribe was 0.20 (SE=0.08) and 0.37 (SE=0.11) for site. CONCLUSION: maternal pelvis height was associated with maternal height, maternal weight and number of pregnancies. The site of childbirth had a moderate effect on the above associations with maternal pelvis height. More study on the public health screening value of these measurements in these settings is required.

In this 4.0 industrial era, some material handlings are still conducted manually by human. One example is in the warehouse area of CV Cita Nasional, a milk processing factory in Kopeng, Central Java. Workers are repetitively unloading a 25 kg sack of sweet whey powder from truck to warehouse area. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the musculoskeletal disorders risks on that workers manual handling activity. The OVAKO Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) was chosen to be applied in the evaluation steps. For each activity in the unloading process, OWAS score category of 3 (improvements are necessary as soon as possible) were resulted on lifting, 2 (improvements are necessary in the long-term future) on carrying, and 3 on lowering the load. Consequently, a trolley was then designed to minimize the risks. The trolley was designed based on Indonesian anthropometry dimensions. Applying this proposed tool, lifting and lowering activities were then categorized in OWAS score of 2, whilst carrying was resulted in OWAS score of 1 (improvements are not necessary). This applied study was valuable in order to minimize the musculoskeletal disorders risks on such manual material handling activity, not only in the current workplace, but also in similar situation of industries.

Aborda o processo de constituição do acervo de instrumentos científicos do Setor de Antropologia Biológica (antiga Divisão de Antropologia Física) do Museu Nacional. Prioriza-se a análise da coleção de instrumentos de antropometria. Pensar o instrumental de medição antropométrica relacionando-o com as demais coleções do acervo de antropologia biológica e com a atuação dos pesquisadores do Museu Nacional, em seus respectivos contextos sociopolíticos e acadêmicos, oferece uma visão privilegiada do panorama científico na passagem do século XIX para o XX.Analyzes the formation of the collection of scientific instruments at the Museu Nacional's Biological Anthropology Sector (previously known as the Physical Anthropology Division), Brazil. It focuses on the instruments used for anthropometric measurements. By drawing relations between this collection and other of the institution's biological anthropology collections, as well as the activities of Museu Nacional researchers within their sociopolitical and academic contexts, we arrive at a privileged view of the scientific methods and theories in use in the final decades of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth.

Résumé But de l’étude La recherche de nouveaux traitements anti-obésogènes à base de plantes médicinales dépourvues, ou ayant des effets secondaires minimes, est un défi. Cette étude vise à évaluer l’effet anti-obésogène du vinaigre de cidre de pomme (VCP) chez le rat Wistar soumis à un régime hyperlipidique. Matériels et méthodes Dix-huit rats mâles Wistar (140 ± 5 g) sont répartis en 3 lots égaux. Un lot soumis à un régime standard (normolipidique), et deux lots soumis à un régime hyperlipidique (régime cafétéria) dont un reçoit quotidiennement par gavage du VCP (7 mL/kg/j) pendant 30 jours. Tout au long de l’expérimentation, un suivi du bilan nutritionnel des paramètres biochimiques et anthropométrique est réalisé. Résultats Chez le groupe RCV versus RC est observée une diminution hautement significative ( p < 0,001) du poids corporel et de la prise alimentaire. D’autre part, le VCP diminue de manière très significative les différents paramètres anthropométriques : IMC ( p < 0,01), la circonférence thoracique et la circonférence abdominale ( p < 0,001), il diminue les teneurs sériques en glucose (26,83 %) et améliore le profil lipidique sérique en diminuant les taux plasmatiques en cholestérol total (34,29 %), triglycérides (51,06 %), LDL-c (59,15 %), VLDL (50 %) et les lipides totaux (45,15 %), et en augmentant HDL-c (39,39 %) offrant ainsi une protection vis-à-vis du risque athérogène (61,62 %). Conclusion Cette étude préliminaire indique que les désordres métaboliques causés par le régime hyperlipidique sont contrecarrés par la prise du VCP qui prouve avoir un effet satiétogène, hypolipémiant, hypoglycémiant et semble prévenir du risque athérogène. Aim of the study The search of new anti-obesogenic treatments based on medicinal plants without or with minimal side effects is a challenge. In this context, the present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-obesogenic effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) in Wistar rats subjected to a high fat diet. Materials and methods Eighteen male Wistar rats (140 ± 5 g) were divided into 3 three equal groups. A witness group submitted to standard laboratory diet and two groups subjected to a high fat diet (cafeteria diet); one receives a daily gavage of apple cider vinegar (7 mL/kg/d) for 30 days. Throughout the experiment monitoring the nutritional assessment, anthropometric and biochemical parameters is achieved. Results In the RCV vs RC group, we observed a highly significant decrease ( P < 0.001) in body weight and food intake. On the other hand, the VCP decreases very significantly different anthropometric parameters: BMI ( P < 0.01), chest circumference and abdominal circumference ( P < 0.001), decreases serum glucose levels (26.83%) and improves the serum lipid profile by reducing plasma levels of total cholesterol (34.29%), TG (51.06%), LDL-c (59.15%), VLDL (50%) and the total lipid (45.15%), and increasing HDL-c (39.39%), thus offering protection against oatherogenic risk (61.62%). Conclusion This preliminary study indicates that the metabolic disorders caused by high fat diet (cafeteria) are thwarted by taking apple cider vinegar which proves to have a satiating effect, antihyperlipidemic and hypoglycemic effects, and seems prevent the atherogenic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

They analyzed the data of excavation of eleven Roman necropolis of the territory of the imperial age. The funeral rite most widespread is inhumation; cremation is generally around 10% of the total sample. The burials are generally primary and single, more rarely bisome or multiple. The body was placed without a specific orientation, almost always supine, with arms either stretched or flexed and lower limbs generally relaxed. Sometimes the body was wrapped in a shroud or in a tight bandage. The state of preservation of the skeletal remains is very variable as influenced by soil type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical fitness and physiological status play an important role in the referees’ performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the body structure and morphological characteristics of Turkish Ssccer refereesand assistant referees and to determine the effect of these variables on physical performance. A sample of 158 male referees and 55 asisstant referees (mean age 31.8 ± 4.2 and 37.4 ± 3.3 years)was evaluated. Physical assesment were conducted using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIRTL1) and Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) for referees and Active Recovery Intermittent Endurance Test (ARIET) and the RSA for assistant referees. We analyzed heart rate assesments. The measures used to assess morphological characteristics were age, weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), body mass, and fat free mass.The ANOVA test (Tukey test)was used to determine the result. Correlations between the referees’ fitness test performance and their morphological characteristics were examined using Pearson’s correlation (p

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Growth impairment is a major manifestation of HIV infection in children and has been implicated as a major contributor to both morbidity and mortality. This study the first to be done in this setting, was aimed at comparing the growth of HIV infected children to that of non-infected children in two referral health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon. METHODS: A prospective case control study was carried out on 39 HIV infected children in two referral hospitals and followed up for a period of 12 months. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the socio-demographic variables of mothers and infants noted. Thirty nine infected children (mean age 45.3 months ± 41.6 SD) were age and sex matched with 39 non-infected children (mean age 44.4 ± 40.7 months). RESULTS: Out of the 39 infected children, 26 (66.7%) had at least one of the three anthropometric indices (weight for height, weight for age, height for age) Z scores less than -2. Throughout follow-up, 20.5% of the infected children were wasted (weight to height Z score less than -2) versus none in the control group, 56.4% underweight (weight for age Z score less than -2) in the infected versus 2.6% in the control group, and 51.3% stunted (height for age Z score less than -2) in contrast to 5.1% in the control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that wasting; underweight and stunting are common findings in HIV- infected children, thus stressing the importance of anthropometry in the routine care of these children.

The term race has had a number of often mutually opposed meanings – it has been used to denote ethnic, linguistic, social, territorial, as well as other groups. The aesthetic criteria have played a very important role in the establishment of the idea of race, itself being not a cause but an expression of racism. This apparently neutral measure has been chosen deliberately, with the aim to confirm the supremacy of the European white race. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the required aesthetic role models were recognized in the treasuries of Classical Greece. Ancient Hellas – as established in the writings of J. J. Winckelmann and his followers – was the fount of all virtue, wisdom, and everlasting beauty. Thus the somatic characteristics were linked to intellectual and spiritual values, through a scientific and seemingly neutral process of measurement. The theory of evolution, as well as numerous reactions to it, enabled the representation of the differences between “races” as almost unsurpassable, in spite of the faith in the common ancestry of mankind. As the final outcome of the process, cultural differences became biological, and the domination of the Western societies was furnished by the scientific proof and legitimacy.

< 0.001 respectively). However, total Cholesterol (TC) and LDL-c were significantly higher in urban than in rural men (p

Abstract: This study covers a fifty-year period between 1953 and 2005 and looks at secular trends in stature, weight and sitting height sizes among French boys and girls between the ages of 3 and 11. A special modelling in function to the age and variable for each child was established so that a comparison could be made in the kinetic growth patterns over these same two periods. Statistical analysis shows a significant increase in growth, of 0.8cm per decade in stature, characterised by a certain increase in the lower limbs and the weight (0.8kg per decade) together with a proportional increase on the body mass index. Positive secular trends of this anthropometric nature are generally thanks to improved eating and sanitary habits and this study enables us to build and elaborate new standards in growth patterns essential for monitoring auxological development in 3 to 11-year-old children in the years 2000 and onwards. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives: To study female pelves from Neolithic area (5000 years AD) in order to better understand the evolution of obstetrical mecanisms. Materials and methods: The fossil material comprised 73 Homo sapiens pelves: we reconstructed all the 20 adult female bony pelves. We realised the shape and morphometric analysis of the pelvic cavity. Changes in pelvic neolithic morphology were compared with pelvic modern morphology. Results: The pelves of prehistoric female were similar in shape with modern female. However, they differ in relative dimensions (transversal diameter of the pelvis inlet: respectively 118mm vs 125mm, p =0.02). Discussion and conclusion: Reconstructions based on Neolithic hominin fossils suggest that obstetrical mechanisms were probably common to Neolithic and modern humans: childbirth would probably require social adaptations and risks of perinatal and obstetric complications were undoubtedly high. However, the differences in morphometric analysis could suggest a change of human pelvis and raise the question of the evolution in obstetrical mechanisms in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Introduction: The aim of our study is to evaluate the benefit of a mixed training program on the heart rate variability, the body composition and on the vitality of the old woman over 60 years. Methodology: The study population consists of an experimental group (n =11) who underwent a four-month training program and a control group (n =14). Each subject received an anthropometric, cardiovascular (analysis of heart rate variability) and psychological assessment. Conclusion: This study allows us to assert that a program of physical activity of moderate intensity has an effect on physical and anthropometric parameters and decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Aims: The physiological and clinical importance of body composition is part of public health, nutrition and sports medicine. Common methods for estimating total body adiposity are hydrodensitometry, whole-body potassium counting, plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance analysis and laboratory based dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), nuclear magnetic resonance and computed tomography. The aim of this study is to verify the suitability of 157 out of more than 600 existing anthropometry equations estimating percent adipose tissue in a cross-validation with DXA, bioelectrical impedance analysis and hydrodensitometry on 74 British male subjects (mean age: 34.4±14.1years) with different lifestyles corresponding to a maximum of populations the original formula was developed for. Methods and results: Pearson correlation coefficients (r ≥0.70), paired sample t test and Bland and Altman plots where used for analyses. From the tested formulae, 19 correlated well and showed no significant difference (p >0.05) with bioelectrical impedance analysis, 15 with DXA and 12 with hydrodensitometry. The results show a better match of the predicted percent adipose tissue by anthropometric equations with bioelectrical impedance analysis then with DXA and hydrodensitometry. Conclusion: All results and conditions considered, this study suggests not to use hydrodensitometry and anthropometric equations to assess percent adipose tissue in men for an individual diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Objectif: Analyser l’influence des mesures anthropométriques à la naissance sur le statut osseux et les aptitudes à l’activité physique des femmes adultes. Méthodes: Notre population était composée de 70 femmes (17–29ans) : 40 sportives et 30 témoins. Les sportives pratiquaient des sports en charge variés et à haut niveau (10,2±2,2heures par semaine). Les poids et taille de naissance étaient relevés. La densité minérale osseuse (DMO) était mesurée par DXA sur le corps entier, le rachis lombaire, le fémur non dominant (hanche totale [HT], col du fémur [CF]) et le tibia. Le logiciel HSA (Hip Structural Analysis) a été utilisé pour évaluer la surface de section (CSA), le moment d’inertie de la section (CSMI), le module de section (Z) et l’épaisseur corticale des trois régions du fémur proximal : inter trochantérienne, col (dans sa partie la plus étroite) et diaphyse fémorale. Résultats: Les mesures de DMO et les paramètres HSA au niveau de tous les sites étaient significativement plus élevés chez les sportives que chez les témoins, ainsi que la taille de naissance (p =0,009), et le poids de naissance (p =0,02). Pour la population générale, nous avons trouvé des corrélations significativement positives entre le poids de naissance et les mesures de DMO (0,30< r <0,46 ; 0,02< p <0,04) ; entre la taille de naissance et la DMO à HT (r =0,32 ; p =0,04), la DMO au (r =0,38 ; p =0,04) et la DMO tibiale (r =0,46, p =0,0006) ; entre le poids de naissance et tous les paramètres HSA (0,40< r <0,54 ; 0,00001< p <0,002) ; entre la taille de naissance et tous les paramètres HSA (0,28< r <0,34 ; 0,01< p <0,05), à l’exception du CMSI et de Z de la région intertrochantérienne. Les corrélations étaient encore significatives dans le g roupe des sportives mais seule une tendance était observée dans le groupe témoin. Discussion/Conclusions: Le statut osseux adulte est conditionné par les mesures anthropométriques à la naissance qui peuvent être utilisées pour prédire le risque fracturaire dans la vie future. La prédisposition à pratiquer un sport en charge pourrait être reliée aux plus grandes mesures anthropométriques décrites à la naissance chez les sportifs. Les bénéfices de l’anthropométrie à la naissance sur le statut osseux de l’adulte paraissent maintenus par la pratique sportive. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Nutritional status must be closely monitored in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. This study compared three methods of measuring body composition in CF patients and then examined the relationships between two simple anthropometric markers of nutritional status – tricipital skinfold thickness (TSK) and arm muscular circumference (AMC) – and the results given by each method. Fifty-five patients with CF, 27 females and 28 males, participated in this study. The mean age at the time of the study was 14±5 years, ranging from 4 to 29 years. The four skinfolds (SK) and arm circumference were measured in all patients and fat mass (FM) and AMC were calculated. Fifty patients underwent dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and 38 underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The values for FM as calculated by the three methods were highly correlated, as were the values for lean body mass (LM) (p <0.001). The LM assessed by anthropometry was overestimated by 8±4% compared with DEXA and by 6±7% compared with BIA. BIA overestimated LM by 4±6% compared with DEXA (p <0.001). The LM values measured by SK, DEXA, and BIA were highly correlated with AMC (p <0.001) and FM calculated using these three techniques were highly correlated with TSK (p <0.001). The measurement of TSK and AMC are simple and rapid ways to evaluate body composition. The excellent correlation between the three methods used to measure body composition suggests that they are valid for use in patients with CF, but the results were not identical. The measurement from each technique must be interpreted according to its own norms and comparisons can only be made if the same technique is used in the same patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Summary: Aims: Percent whole body fat is widely used in Public health sectors and in sports medicine. In addition, skinfolds are the most common laboratory and field anthropometric technique to determine percent body fat resulting into more than 600 prediction equations during more than half a century. The purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of anthropometric-based equations for estimating percent adipose tissue of 54 female subjects (age: 30.9±8.5 years) with a variety of different lifestyles compared with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Methods: Whole-body DXA scan and 15 skinfolds, 14 girths, four breadths were measured in a randomized order. Hundred equations were eligible for application to the study sample, from which only 34 provided percent adipose tissue values with good correlation (r ≥0.70, p <0.05) and without significant differences (p >0.05) compared to DXA. However, Bland and Altman plots show acceptable to very good mean differences with DXA with a range from −1.9 to +1.8 %, and a 95 % limits of agreement from −10.5 to +10.8 %. Conclusion: These differences suggest that the majority of formulae are not valid for practical use on age-matched and activity individuals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]