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Résumé: L'aspirine à faible dose permet une réduction conséquente du risque de survenue d'événements ischémiques. Cet effet repose sur l'inhibition irréversible de l'enzyme COX-1 plaquettaire par transacétylation responsable d'un blocage de la synthèse de thromboxane A2, puissant agoniste de l'agrégation plaquettaire. Néanmoins, près d'un quart des sujets sous aspirine présente une réactivité plaquettaire préservée ou une production résiduelle de thromboxane ; on parle alors de résistance biologique à l'aspirine. Cet article offre une revue des différents mécanismes physiopathologiques potentiellement impliqués dans ce phénomène et revient sur les méthodes diagnostiques disponibles et leurs limites. Il propose une réflexion sur la pertinence et les implications cliniques de la résistance à l'aspirine, qui peut être considérée comme un véritable facteur prédictif, puisque le risque de survenue d'un nouvel événement cardiovasculaire est approximativement multiplié par quatre chez les sujets exprimant une hyper-réactivité plaquettaire sous traitement. Enfin, sont rapportées les quelques données encourageantes relatives aux stratégies thérapeutiques visant à surmonter cet état de résistance. Low dose aspirin efficiently reduces the risk of recurrent atherothrombotic events. Its antiplatelet effect relies on irreversible platelet cyclooxygenase inhibition blocking thromboxane A2 biosynthesis. However, approximatively 25 % of long term aspirin users express a suboptimal aspirin-induced inhibition of platelet function defining aspirin resistance or high on-treatment platelet reactivity. This article presents a brief review of the numerous mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, the diagnostic methods currently available for its detection, and their limits. It offers a discussion around the clinical impact of aspirin resistance which could be considered as a risk marker associated with an approximatively four-fold increase in the risk of recurrence of arterial occlusive events, and also reports the limited but encouraging datas regarding treatment approaches to overcome this inadequate response to aspirin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion inhibition characteristics of acetylsalicylic acid on carbon steel has been studied using electrochemical measurements. Results showed that: The inhibition efficiency values give maximum inhibition at the concentration of 300 ppm and decrease back. They decreased with increasing temperature. Polarization studies showed that this compound is an anodic inhibitor for carbon steel in decanted water from a tank bottom hydrocarbon storage (East Region Transport: Skikda Algeria ). The inhibition occurs through adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on the metal surface. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface is found to obey Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The values of thermodynamic parameters, such as Kads, G°ads, H°ads and S°ads are calculated.

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Objectifs: Décrire l’utilisation actuelle de l’analgésie péridurale (APD), en dehors de l’obstétrique, et les raisons de sa non-utilisation. Type d’étude: Étude observationnelle. Matériels et méthodes: Enquête de pratique par autoquestionnaire envoyé par e-mail et disponible sur Internet. Comparaisons des réponses au questionnaire entre deux groupes de répondants pratiquant ou non l’APD par le test exact de Fisher. Résultats: Parmi les 178 anesthésistes-réanimateurs ayant répondu au questionnaire, seuls 21,4 % ne pratiquait jamais l’APD. Les principaux motifs invoqués étaient l’existence d’alternatives d’épargne morphinique aussi efficaces (24/38 vs 46/140) et l’absence de structure d’aval adaptée (17/30 vs 21/39) plus que la perte de compétence technique. Le TAP bloc était l’alternative utilisée par plus de 50 % des anesthésistes-réanimateurs. La difficulté d’avoir une structure de prise en charge postopératoire était reconnue comme un facteur limitant sa réalisation mais pas la peur d’une complication neurologique. Ceux qui ne faisaient jamais cet acte étaient plus représentés dans la catégorie entre 40 et 50ans (12/38 vs 19/140). Les moins de 40ans étaient plus enclins à réaliser une APD en cas de prise d’héparine, d’aspirine et de clopidogrel, sous réserve de précautions (50/68 vs 31/68 ; 44/68 vs 31/68 ; 37/68 vs 23/68 respectivement). Conclusions: L’anesthésie péridurale à visée analgésique reste une technique pratiquée par la majorité des médecins de cette enquête. Le développement des structures d’aval et une meilleure application des recommandations de la Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar) devraient permettre à cette technique de prendre sa place méritée. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Low dose aspirin is an efficient antiplatelet agent to decrease the risk of occlusive arterial events, however it is not infallible. Aspirin resistance describe its inability to block the formation of thromboxane A2 in platelets and/or to produce an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Detection of aspirin resistance relies on the results of various platelet function tests or on blood and urinary thromboxane metabolites concentrations, but these methods show very low correlation and reproducibility. Moreover, light-transmission aggregometry using arachidonic acid, known as the reference functional assay, requires technical expertise. The incidence rate of aspirin resistance amoung populations suffering from cardiovascular diseases is about 25%, however there is a wide variability depending on the specificity of the used test and the clinical features of the considered population. Aspirin resistance is associated with the recurrence of arterial occlusive events: the odds ratio is about 4 all tests combined, therefore it could be considered as a risk marker. Evidence is lacking regarding the relevance of these tests to resort an intensification of the antithrombotic treatment, and experts recommend to reserve their use for high-risk situations. Nevertheless several studies have explored the effect of dose increases or intake frequency increases, and revealed encouraging results regarding pharmacodynamic endpoints. The reasons for aspirin resistance are numerous, often remain debate, and can accumulate to result in poor response to aspirin., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Douleur et Analgésie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Un homme de 19ans a été pris en charge pour un coma fébrile dans un contexte de virose et de péricardite automédiquées par Aspirine® (acide salicylique). L’évolution a été rapidement fatale avec passage en état de mort encéphalique. Sur des arguments anamnestiques, cliniques, radiologiques et anatomopathologiques (biopsie cérébrale), le diagnostic de syndrome de Reye a été retenu, malgré l’absence d’atteinte hépatique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kawasaki's disease (KD) is a rarely described entity in Africa. The purpose of this work is to describe the clinical, biological and evolutionary aspects of KD in the Congolese child. This is a retrospective study of 11 cases of KD collected from 2003 to 2014 at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. The diagnosis was based on the criteria proposed by the Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome Research Commitee and validated by the Center for Disease Control grouping the major criteria originally described by Kawasaki and updated by the American Heart Association. The sex-ratioM/F was 2.7 and the mean age of 16.5 ± 5.9 months (range 9 to 43 months). The average intake time was 12.8 ± 5.9 days (range 6 and 30). In nine cases there was a complete form. The symptoms began with an invasion of the upper airway in 8 cases. Achieving oropharyngeal was in the form of oral enanthema with strawberry tongue and / or angular cheilitis; it was associated with perineal erythema in 7 cases. Reaching the end realized swelling and/or redness and / or peeling finger gloves or flap toes. The latter occurred at an average of 11 ± 3.5 days (range 8 to 16) after the start of the fever. The treatment with acetylsalicylic acid administered to all children, began within varying between 4 and 15 days of admission. The defervescence was obtained after 5.3 ± 2.6 days (range 4 to 11). The average hospital stay was 16.6 ± 9.7 days (range: 11 to 25 days). The evolution after discharge was considered favorable in all cases. However, no control echocardiography was performed. KD remains an ubiquitous condition but with a variable incidence from one continent to another. The arrival of the twodimensional ultrasound should enable the systematic investigation of coronary abnormalities to catch up unnoticed past cases but also to prevent complications related there.

We describe the case of a 19-year-old male diagnosed with Reye syndrome within the context of viral pericarditis and salicylate ingestion. He presented a fatal brain oedema without liver failure. Brain biopsies obtained during a decompressive craniectomy led to the diagnosis., (Copyright © 2013 Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)