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This article examines the different meanings carried by the term poraka in the Jesuit missions of Paraguay. By crossing historical sources and contemporary ethnological works, we show that it designates both the hunting and the sharing of game. If the analysis of the Jesuit dictionaries shows that the missionaries try to privilege the technical dimension of the term, namely the supply of halieutic and cynegetic resources, an unpublished monolingual Guarani manuscript produced in the missions in the 18th-century shows that in daily language it designates the social dimension, the sharing of the game. In addition, the manuscript highlights the persisting tension, a century after the foundation of the missions, between the traditional Guaraní kinship system, and the Christian one, based on the nuclear family. The transformations of the meaning of the term poraka could thus reflect an effort by the Jesuits to modify the practices of sharing, reoriented towards the nuclear family. The article therefore proposes to examine kinship in the reductions through the sharing of game, an approach widely used in ethnology but unprecedented in the study of the Jesuit missions of Paraguay.

Fueron múltiples los planes que se urdieron para remover a Rosas del poder. La conspiración estuvo detrás de algunos de esos intentos. Justamente, en el otro frente, el temor a que tales confabulaciones se materializaran obró como uno de los principales catalizadores y sustentos argumentativos y discursivos para justificar las políticas represivas del régimen. Analizaremos aquí el discurso conspirativo del rosismo y su correlato respecto de las actividades que se pergeñaron en Buenos Aires y en el exilio para tratar de derrotarlo. Se busca demostrar que, aunque no se trató de una fórmula vacía de sentido (puesto que se correlacionó con un peligro real), el discurso rosista, hiperbólico, se montó y se justificó más en una necesidad y una estrategia política que como reacción a una actividad conspirativa más acotada y circunstancial.

The work aims to know the perspective maintained by families and teachers in relation to different elements of the transition process between Childhood Education and Primary Education: its importance or transcendence, the changes that occur and the challenges faced by the children, as well as the mechanisms and actions implemented by the centers to encourage it. 460 families and professors participated in the study completing a questionnaire. The results show the existence of a significant gap in thinking about the importance and transcendence given to the transitions that are experienced in early childhood between families and teachers despite also finding other aspects converging. Considering these findings, the generation of educational transition programs adapted to the needs and demands of each school which encourage the participation of all the people involved in this important process.

O Patrimônio em áreas rurais ou urbanas anota a passagem do tempo e da história das comunidades. Evoca memórias locais que permitem ao visitante sentir diversas emoções e passar por várias experiências. Monumentos ou construções mais simples, mais complexos ou até desaparecidos, podem ser transformados em paisagens cênicas e atrair visitantes permitindo conhecer as diferentes perspectivas com que o homem assentou nos espaços num determinado tempo. Propõe-se capturar esses momentos históricos, sobreviventes nos territórios até aos nossos dias e expor o significado estético, social, econômico e político como parte de uma construção espacial preparada para ser visitada e conhecida em comum. Retratamos um elemento de grande relevo para a Península Ibérica – o Rio Douro – e sugerimos que esta herança histórica comum, que se apresenta hoje de formas diversas, seja incluída nos itinerários de forma a revelar cenários interpretados e levar os visitantes a lugares históricos plenos de emoção. Sugerimos como metodologia a reflexão e o debate em torno da revisão da literatura, resultantes de projetos desenvolvidos sobre o tema da água desde 1996, sob a supervisão de Isabel Del Val Valdivieso e com a colaboração de numerosos pesquisadores da Península Ibérica que produziram extensa literatura sobre a temática da presença de água na história. De acordo com os resultados desses projetos, desenvolve-se uma metodologia que possa salvaguardar e comunicar o patrimônio com uma perspectiva de preservação e manutenção da memória para as futuras gerações, em particular do patrimônio desaparecido ou ainda adormecido no subsolo. Palavras-chave: Patrimônio. Significância. História. Visita.

Se presenta la identificación de limitaciones, beneficios y obstáculos en la relación familia y escuela, en España, desde la perspectiva de 134 maestros de educación infantil en formación, por medio de un estudio cualitativo de carácter etnográfico. Los resultados permiten identificar la convivencia en los centros de tres tipos de participación no excluyentes y, aunque con dificultades, se atisba una emergente implicación sistemática de las familias en los planes y proyectos. Esta realidad ha de ser objeto de análisis y reflexión en la formación de maestros, en la que el conocimiento eminentemente teórico se ha de articular con el práctico desde un posicionamiento crítico-reflexivo.

Introducción.

En este trabajo presento a discusión una serie de interrogantes sobre la utilización del término «facción» y sobre su cuestionable capacidad para aglutinar en él a todas las alternativas o movimientos políticos que existieron en Argentina entre el proceso independentista y la formación de los partidos políticos modernos a fi nes del siglo XIX. Introduzco un análisis general de lo que comúnmente se entiende por «facción» y cómo ese término suele ser empleado por la historiografía. Luego, despliego los recientes cuestionamientos de algunos investigadores hacia la utilización indistinta de ese vocablo y analizo los argumentos que se 3esgrimen con ese fin.

The strenghtening of the new institutions which are emerging within the framework of neoliberal globalization contrasts with the crisis or, at the very least, the substantial modifications and reinterpretations of other much more consolidated institutions. State sovereignty is one of these. The role of the State and the consolidation of juridical pluralism, the evolution of the concepts of internal and external sovereignty, the modifications generated by globalization in the internal order and International Law, the crisis of sovereignty and normative extraterritoriality, together with the emergence of new supra-state agents and reterritoriality will allow us to approach relations between States, transnational companies and international economic organizations with caution. The formal and informal networks of power created between the above subjects generate substantial guidelines for defining the judicial legislation within which multinational companies act with great vitality and, a sensu contrario, that which remains subordinated by mean of bilaterality to their political and economic interests.

Las reglas del nuevo Derecho Corporativo Global están impactando sobre los sistemas jurídicos internacionales. Así, el binomio de la privatización de las normas y efectos generales sobre la población, dislocan los núcleos centrales del Derecho. Como afirma Ferrajoli (2011: 33) “el sistema de normas no se limita pues a regular las formas de producción del derecho mediante normas procedimientales, sino que además vincula sus contenidos mediante normas sustanciales sobre la producción como son, en particular, las que enuncian derechos fundamentales.” El mercado sin límite, es expresión de un fundamentalismo capitalista que está afectando tanto a los procedimientos de regulación como a los contenidos esenciales del Derecho. Los efectos sobre las mayorías sociales son demoledores

La identidad musulmana de los mudéjares de la cuenca del Duero constituye un tema apenas abordado en la historiografía del mudejarismo castellano. En este trabajo se presentan algunas evidencias textuales, arqueológicas y patrimoniales que aportan datos sobre este Islam vivido en minoría, tanto en las aljamas más populosas y mejor estudiadas como en las de menor población y más desconocidas, como es el caso de Burgos.Recent scholarship on Castilian Mudejars has rarely devoted itself to the Muslim identity of the Duero river-basin Mudejars. This study presents textual, archaeological and other cultural data regarding Islam as experienced by this minority both in the most populous and well-known Aljamas and in the smallest and lesser-known Muslim communities, such as that of Burgos.

The basic features of an educational task are sufficiently complex to demand their «construction» from theoretical-pedagogical frameworks that are consistent, rigorous and ethically founded. To achieve this end, the coherence and meaning of such a task become transformed into indispensable elements which need to be projected, both into the school and into the classroom, which, in the last resort, is where the important pedagogical formulae that have been adopted on consensus are given shape. Taking these considerations into account, we analyse in the present research the importance of the educational School Project, as a text which upholds the pedagogical task, before going on to formulate a series of postulates which should be upheld in our professional practice. Thus elements such as the pedagogy of listening, unhurried learning, and intuition, creativity, curiosity and pleasure in learning emerge and are visible in the pedagogical scene.

The purpose of the following article is to explore the connection between the leaders of the Unitarian faction and the inhabitants of Buenos Aires’ rural area during the years in which they strove for power. To begin with, I am inclined to believe that this matter is neglected in view of the fact that an unquestionable predominance of the Federalism lead by Rosas within the same geographical area is often assumed. Furthermore, I suppose that the Unitarian faction enjoyed to a certain extent of acceptance between large sectors of Buenos Aires’ rural population- farmers, ”pulperos”, peasants, among others-. By cooperating in multiple ways, not only did they contribute in the construction of the precarious Rivadavia´s State but also offered resistance to Juan Manuel de Rosas’ forces. Consequently, the strategic and material collaboration of the rural inhabitants to the Unitarian faction will be discussed and an analysis of the political “opinion war” which took place at that time will be provided. Finally, critical examination will be put forward regarding the links developed among outstanding individuals, intermediate leaders and residents of rural areas in Buenos Aires, rural individuals who would transform into a character of great relevance in the political scene, starting in the 1820 decade.

Among the harshest criticisms on latinamerican historiography, that which reincides the most, is its tendency to entertwine the current political debates with the historical analysis. A clear example of this is shown in the several interpretations carried out by different historians regarding the two most important political groups in Argentina´s XIX century, unitarios –centralistas- and federales. Throughout most of the XX century, a liberal historiographic movement, together with another more nationalist trend, created two antagonists, that did almost nothing but empoverish the analysis of the historical process. In the last years, several historians have tried to overcome the outlined antinomies; however managing, in some cases, to install other new ones. With this article, my intention is to prove how the numerous interpretations, despite their differences, maintain -one way or the other- the same vices they themselves criticize. Furthermore, I will try to depict a further level of historic complexity, through some examples which I hope, will collaborate in renewing the concerning historiographic debate.

The Bombing of Guernica stands as the best-known war crime during the Spanish Civil War. The town symbolically representing the Basque essences was destroyed by a German-Italian air raid lasting over three hours, and almost two hundred people were killed. Unfortunately, this abominable event remains contentious among disparate political factions, sometimes upholding its memory by means of tailor-made interpretations. As music often performs a political role within conflicts, particularly those involving violence, it is not surprising that the Bombing of Guernica has inspired several compositions of art music. Among them, we study three works by Basque composers, namely Pablo Sorozábal, Francisco Escudero, and Ramon Lazkano. Each case study respectively stands, politically speaking, as a propagandistic event, a musical appropriation, and a collateral depoliticization of the vivid memories around the war crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This ethnographic essay proposes a reflection on machines from the interstitial geographical situations in which two Guarani peoples on either side of the Paraguay-Brazil border are reduced. In this territory governed by the agribusiness infrastructure, machines are a daily feature of indigenous reality. Some are dysfunctional and became landscape; some accelerate native life; others make work easier or blur the lines between the imaginary worlds of tradition and modernity, mechanics and animals, development and resistance. This brings out the fertility and inventiveness of mechanical uses and conceptualizations.