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This article examines French and Russian terminological units that describe the current systems of gestural communication. The author studied scientific articles, dictionaries, non-fiction, and law texts to conduct a definitional and context analysis of lexical units that form a lexical-semantic continuum between the expression of the concept of oral language and the concept of sign language in the corresponding metalanguages. The study revealed linguistic and extralinguistic factors that determined ethical problems associated with the incorrect translation of certain terms from French into Russian. The fundamental distinction between the concepts of language and speech made it possible to systematize all the units identified as part of this terminological field in both Russian and French. The systems were presented as tables that illustrated the boundaries of the concepts. A comparative analysis of the two systems indicated the main morphological and semantic differences in the terms. The research resulted in a system of equivalence between French and Russian terms, i.e., a scientifically based nomenclature that can be used by linguists and translators when working on Russian and French texts in the field of communication of deaf and hard of hearing people.

This study conducted a systematic analysis of agroclimatic conditions, relief morphology, and soil moisture dynamics over a five-year period to identify territorial differences and temporal changes in productive moisture reserves on arable slopes with chernozem soils. The results show that changes in spring productive moisture reserves are primarily linked to variations in hydrothermal conditions from the previous hydrological year, encompassing both the cold and warm periods. The heterogeneity of moisture reserves within the agricultural landscape is influenced by the heat supply of the slopes.

The article deals with the features of management of environmental processes and the specifics of the law enforcement of environmental standards in the resource-producing region in the context of modern socio-economic transformations. The solution of environmental safety problems is due to the presence of an integrated approach to the management of legal entities involved in production and information processes in the region. The position is substantiated an integrated approach, including mechanisms for managing environmental and social processes should be formalized in a regional environmental doctrine with an effective and relevant regulatory framework. The key principle of such a regulatory system is the ability to take into account and coordinate the main trends of global processes, regulatory requirements and development goals of the state, as well as the characteristics of the region and the needs of its inhabitants. The issues of law enforcement of environmental standards and their impact on the ecosystem in order to cause the least harm to environment, health and genetic fund of person (society), levelling its consequences are considered. The need to take into account the sociocultural characteristics and value orientations of the inhabitants of the region when developing regulatory practices is emphasized. It is substantiated the regional environmental doctrine with relevant normative content will be a system-forming factor ensures the practical implementation of mechanisms for effective regulation of the activities of subsoil use entities and the development of safe infrastructure in theresource-producing region.

This paper is devoted to the consideration of Eduard von Hartmann’s philosophy of religion. The author examines his critic of the liberal theology. E.v.Hartmann thinks that the Christian religion is dying. The mankind in the same time has necessity of religion. So the problem of post-Christian religion is put as rightful and important topic of discussion. The paper shows that, according to E.v.Hartmann’s opinion, the sole world-outlook being able to satisfie human spiritual yearning in future is the concrete monism. It teachs that the Absolute is unconscious. The veritable transcendent ground of the man is the unconscious Self (Absolute). The final goal of the life consists in the salvation i.e. the dissolution with the physical death in the ontological depth of the Self. The religion of the future is seen by E.v.Hartmann in the synthesis of Eastern (Indian) and Western spiritual currents. According to philosopher’s opinion, the German speculative idealism must favour this synthesis. The theory E.v.Hartmann’s is an original form of the mysticism avoiding acosmism and unconditionally recognizing unconsciousness of the Absolute. The historical analysis permits to include E.v.Hartmann’s philosophy to the German metaphysical tradition of XIXth century. The author briefly demonstrates the considerable proximity of E. v.Hartmann’s ideas to the later philosophy of F.Schelling. He concludes that E.v.Hartmann’s doctrine of the future religion is highly important for the history of philosophy because it might be considered as the only religious project built at the ground of the German idealism in common and of Schelling’s thought in particular.

The paper presents data on the volume of materials consumed by builders and the carbon dioxide emissions that occur during this process. The reasons for the formation and volume of construction debris are considered. Recycling technologies currently used in the demolition of buildings are associated with crushing. The resulting concrete mix is used only for filling low-level earthworks due to the rapid carbonation of concrete surfaces. The scrap metal formed during crushing is used for remelting, polluting the atmosphere and requiring a large amount of energy. It is proved that due to the low economic and environmental efficiency, this method of recycling is a dead end. Studies have found that the constant increase in the strength of concrete and the absence of a decrease in the strength characteristics of reinforcing steels, stone materials, bricks, which are operated for a long time in favorable temperature and humidity conditions, allows them to be reused. General approaches have been developed that require changes in the existing technologies for the renovation of urban areas, the demolition of individual buildings and structures that currently exist. To reduce CO2 emissions and construction debris, it is enough to increase the volume of gentrification, reconstruction, major repairs, and re-profiling of the existing residential and industrial stock. When demolishing buildings, it is necessary to abandon the method of collapse of building structures with their further fragmentation. The method of piecemeal dismantling with repeated use of materials, products and structures (after determining their strength indicators by specialists), allows you to dramatically reduce the problems of construction debris and carbon dioxide emissions.

The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the socio-cultural aspect of criminal law enforcement in the Russian mentality. The methodological basis was such scientific methods as dialectical, comparative, logical, historical, prognostic, and systems analysis. This allowed, to achieve this goal, to perform a comparative analysis of the works of Russian and foreign legal experts on the examined problem. The result of the study was the conclusion that the effectiveness of law enforcement is due not only to national mentality, but also to the socio-cultural environment both on the part of the law enforcement officer and citizens as participants and/or eyewitnesses of specific legal relations. The authors also emphasize that culture, as well as socio-cultural environment forms stereotypes of legal behavior, depending on the constitutional and legislative consolidation of socio-political and socio-economic trends in the development of society. The novelty of the work lies in the formulation of the problem and its substantiation. This is due to the fact that the authors emphasize that an essential element is the degree of acceptability of value stereotypes in a particular state that allow and/or prohibit certain actions in connection with the possibility of undermining the foundations of national security and public morality.

One of the problems of resource-producing regions, both in Russia and in other countries, is provision of industrial enterprises with professional personnel. It has an impact on the development of socio-economic infrastructure, the degree of technological development, the state of the environmental situation and other aspects. Depending on the state structure and socio-political situation, these problems have their own specifics, in particular, it concerns the coal industry of Kuzbass in the XX-XXI centuries. In the XX century, the formation of human resources was first ensured by free recruitment, organized recruiting and party mobilizations. It is emphasized that under these conditions, the state authorities and the party leadership were forced to make a decision to use the labor of special settlers, labor settlers, home front soldiers, as well as the labor of Soviet Germans deported to Kuzbass at industrial facilities, including at coal industry enterprises. At the end of the XX - beginning of the XXI century, there is a change in the approaches to the formation of human resources, depending on the socio-economic, demographic and other conditions of the development of modern Russia. The problems of the formation and development of industry, the dynamics of human resources potential and demographic changes in Western Siberia were considered in the works of A. B. Konovalov, S. V. Soboleva, E. M. Shcherbakova, and others. Climatic conditions, the lack of basic household infrastructure, staff turnover on the one hand, and the lack of environmental standards on the other, have led to inefficient socio-economic regional development and an increase in environmental problems. In modern conditions, this is manifested not only in the growth of oncological diseases in Kuzbass, but also in the degree of environmental pollution by industrial waste, including the tendency to alienate agricultural land for the construction of technological roads, warehouses for the fertile soil layer and sites for auxiliary equipment. Attention is focused on the fact that for the rise of industry and the increase in coal production, it was necessary to attract labor, and the demographic situation is contradictory: on the one hand, the dynamics of the natural birth rate of the population decreased, which was a characteristic phenomenon for all regions of Western Siberia, and on the other, the lack of labor resources was compensated due to internal migration processes.

The article examines the problems associated with the environmental situation in resource-producing regions, the causes of which are associated with air pollution, soil, water bodies, etc. as a result of human activity, waste from industrial, including coal enterprises. To reduce the negative impact on these processes, as well as to control the ecological state, it is necessary to monitor, including from the chemical point of view, the dynamics of changes in the state of the environment, as well as its impact on a person, his life activity and the surrounding social infrastructure. We are talking about the degree of influence of the level of pollution on human health, on the quality of food consumed and industrial production, which ultimately has a significant impact on the quality of life and demographic processes at the regional level. The necessity of constant chemical monitoring of the composition of the atmospheric air of industrial cities, which is affected by human economic activity, is emphasized. This is especially true for the coal industry, depending on its distance from industrial centers, the state of treatment facilities and socio-economic opportunities for the use and application of "green" technologies. The use of scrubbers ("wet") ash collectors, traditional methods of water treatment, including the use of settling tanks and filter treatment facilities at coal mining enterprises, etc. contribute to the use of cleaning products for the reclamation of land disturbed by coal mines as a result of economic activities. Environmental policy should be implemented in accordance with the regional environmental standard adopted in the Kemerovo Region as part of the development strategy until 2035 and aimed at ensuring environmental-oriented and energy-efficient economic growth.

The article deals with the problem of interrelation of existing ideological paradigms with the enforcement of environmental standards in industrially developed coal regions. It is emphasized that the tasks of ideology as a reflection of industrial, technological, social and other processes include setting goals, defining standards and rules for the functioning of social institutions, it gives meaning to the actions of individuals, forms the daily consciousness of people, generates large-scale political movements. As a product of the development of society, ideology prescribes a model of development and appropriate design of all social institutions, strengthening control over social practices, including the sphere of management of industrialized regions. Attention is focused on the need for changes in the axiological structure of public consciousness based. Much attention is also paid to the significance of globalization, the development of biotechnologies, and the principles of bioethics, which are considered today as moral and ethical standards for modern scientific and technological progress. The innovative ideology of socio-economic development of modern society should be transformed and focused on the principle of environmentalism, reducing the use of non-renewable resources, diversification, and limiting the use of dangerous technologies. At the same time, special importance should be given to the priority position of the environmental imperative in the legal and normative regulation of industrial production and military technologies. And it is precisely the spread of ideological consciousness as a condition for political choice that, in this situation, becomes a necessary component for the exercise of power and the formation of a new practice of social management in industrialized regions.

Adequate biological models are a prerequisite to screening and development of probiotic drugs. In the present study, Caco-2 cell line is reviewed as a model for analyzing properties of probiotics. This cell culture possesses all the characteristics necessary for evaluating the effects of probiotic drugs on a wide range of both intracellular processes and intercellular interactions. Informativeness of Caco-2 cells is in the focus of the present review.

La présente contribution vise à analyser quelques problèmes structurels et épistémologiques de la terminologie linguistique dans le français. Par le biais d’une approche sémantique, nous mettons en évidence les particularités du sens terminologique, sa corrélation avec la notion scientifique et sa dépendance de l’objet de recherche linguistique, c’est-à-dire du fait langagier de départ. L’analyse des cas précis des termes phrase, sémantème, langue parmi d’autres met en relief l’importance du « jeu » des points de vue dans le domaine linguistique contribuant à la modification de l’extension et de l’intension des sens. En guise de la résolution des problèmes, nous recourrons aux approches de la terminologie générale ainsi qu’à l’application des théories épistémologiques permettant d’introduire une distinction entre des concepts de terminologie et de système terminologique, de termes et de prétermes, de termes aspectuels et de termes synthétisants, de relations intersystémiques et de relations intrasystémiques.

The article analyzes the relationship of solving environmental problems with the dynamics of demographic processes in industrialized regions. The attention is focused on the fact that social policy, development of social infrastructure, as well as its relevance depends on the demographic processes taking place at the regional level. Especially important to improve the legal framework for the development and disclosure of human potential, regional investment attractiveness, which will ultimately contribute to the stabilization of the demographic and socio-cultural situation both at the professional and daily levels. In this regard, attention is drawn to the fact that the disclosure of labor potential is impossible without taking into account the interests of the business community in educational technologies, in which, in the regional labor market, not only specialists with a narrow set of practical skills, but also with a wide range of fundamental training are in demand. The purpose of the development of the dominant regional segment of large business (coal companies, holdings, etc.) is the introduction of new technics, improvement of technologies, etc. in the field of mining and processing of minerals to level of competitive, environmentally «clean» product not only for foreign markets, but also for domestic consumers. The economic niche of small and medium-sized businesses are enterprises of social and infrastructure sectors of the economy. Related to this are issues of staffing, social and socio-cultural problems in the industrial development of the regions.

The Arctic continental shelf is believed to be the area with the highest unexplored potential for oil and gas as well as for unconventional hydrocarbon resources such as gas hydrates. Despite a common view that the Arctic has plentiful of hydrocarbon resources, there are ongoing debates regarding the potential of this region as a future energy supply base. Driving forces for such discussions are geopolitics, environmental concern, assessment and delineation of Arctic resources, technology available for their successful development and the market demand for energy supply. The Russian part is recognized to be the largest among oil and gas resources owned by Arctic nations. However, scarce information and available geological data create uncertainty regarding a future role of the Russian Arctic as main base of energy supply in the second part of the XXI century. A further uncertainty is the pace at which production from northern areas including the Arctic will be brought onstream – either because of national policy, infrastructure development or investment by the state and the oil companies. These areas embrace those where development has already been started (Offshore Sakhalin, northern Timan Pechora) and those awaiting future involvement, like Barents and Pechora seas, East Siberia, Yamal, Kara Sea and Kamchatka. Offhore production levels are likely to be very important to Russia in mid and long terms, especially as most (if not all) production will go for export and, in the process, open doors to new markets. In this way, offshore production will introduce a new and very significant component to Russia’s export strategy. However, active involvement of the Russian Arctic resources in the global energy supply process needs a detailed analysis and clear understanding of the market potential for Russian gas and oil (required volumes, time frame, transportations routes) and requires close attention of the government to the most important issues that should be in place, like national standards and guidelines for Arctic resources development, stable, transparent and predictable law as a necessary precondition for massive investments in exploration and production and, not least, active involvement of foreign companies in development of Arctic resources that could bring along with investments an indispensible competence and experience, available technology and Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) principles. Development of oil and gas fields in the arctic seas located few hundreds miles from shore is according to expert opinion the most challenging project in the world. Without international cooperation, coordination of all activities and use of modern and proven technologies for production of hydrocarbons, their transport, efficient safety and environmental protection tools the realization of such a project would be questionable. Le plateau continental arctique est considéré comme la zone comportant le potentiel inexploré le plus important tant en termes d’huile et de gaz qu’en ressources en hydrocarbures non conventionnels tels que les hydrates de gaz. En dépit d’une vision courante selon laquelle l’Arctique possède des ressources abondantes en hydrocarbures, des débats se poursuivent sur le potentiel énergétique de cette région. Les lignes directrices de telles discussions reposent sur la géopolitique, les questions environnementales, l’évaluation et la délimitation des ressources arctiques, la technologie disponible pour le succès de leur exploitation et les perspectives d’évolution de la demande en énergie. La partie russe est reconnue comme étant la plus importante concernant les ressources en huile et gaz des nations arctiques. Toutefois, le manque d’informations et de données géologiques disponibles engendre une incertitude sur le rôle futur de l’Arctique russe comme principal fournisseur d’énergie dans la seconde partie du XXIe siècle. Une incertitude supplémentaire repose sur le rythme auquel la production provenant des zones nordiques incluant l’Arctique sera activée – que ce soit du fait de la politique nationale, du développement d’infrastructures ou d’investissement par l’état et les compagnies pétrolières. Ces zones englobent celles où une exploitation a déjà été entamée (au large de l’île Sakhaline, dans le Timan Péchora du nord) et celles en attente d’une implication à venir, comme les mers de Barents et de Péchora, la Sibérie orientale, la péninsule de Yamal, la mer de Kara et le Kamchatka. Les niveaux de production offshore vont probablement être très importants pour la Russie à moyen et long terme, particulièrement du fait que la plupart (sinon la totalité) de la production sera exportée et, ce faisant, ouvrira des portes vers de nouveaux marchés. De cette manière, la production offshore introduira une composante nouvelle et très significative à la stratégie d’exportation de la Russie. Toutefois, une implication active des ressources arctiques russes dans le processus global de fourniture d’énergie exige une analyse détaillée et une compréhension claire du potentiel du marché du gaz et de l’huile russes (volumes demandés, calendrier d’exécution, voies de transports); elle exige aussi une attention soutenue de la part du gouvernement sur les points les plus importants qui devront être mis en place, tels que des normes et directives nationales pour l’exploitation des ressources arctiques, une législation stable, transparente et sans surprise à titre de condition préalable nécessaire à des investissements massifs dans l’exploration et la production et, notamment, une implication active de compagnies étrangères dans l’exploitation des ressources arctiques qui pourrait apporter en même temps que les investissements une compétence et une expérience indispensables, une technologie disponible et des principes d’Hygiène, Sécurité et Environnement (HSE). L’exploitation de champs d’huile et de gaz dans les mers arctiques situées à quelques centaines de kilomètres des côtes constitue selon l’opinion des experts le projet le plus difficile au monde. Sans une coopération internationale, une coordination de toutes les activités et l’utilisation de technologies modernes et éprouvées pour la production et le transport d’hydrocarbures, des outils de sécurité et de protection environnementale efficaces, la réalisation d’un tel projet serait remise en question.

Gypsum blocks are usually used to make partitions in highrise construction. Reducing the cost of materials used in high-rise construction is an urgent task of modern material science. Phosphogypsum dihydrate, which has binding properties, is one of the large-tonnage waste. The authors have proved that, after years of storage in heaps, water-soluble phosphates, fluorides and other additives included in the structure of fresh phosphogypsum dissolved in water due to weathering (humidification-drying, freezing-thawing in a water-saturated state), and the calcium hydro-and dihydrogen phosphates ingressed in the lattice underwent complete hydrolysis and disintegration, thereby changing the physicochemical properties of phosphogypsum. The data obtained by the authors on the absence of water-soluble compounds of phosphorus, fluorine in stale phosphogypsum indicate its ecological purity and the possibility of application in housing construction. Having analyzed the data of modern methods of differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy, the authors predicted and proved by the energy of dehydration of phosphogypsum dihydrate, lime, sandy loam, the possibility of obtaining non-flammable materials with sufficient strength for wall materials. Understanding the processes occurring in water films (the thickness of the water film, the pressure, the temperature and the pH of the aqueous extract of the mixture, the drying of the materials produced), made it possible to develop a technology for obtaining wall products from lime-sandy phosphogypsum material using typical silicate brick production equipment and vibropresses for key-cog blocks production.

Each stage of the economic development of any society is associated with the consumption of natural resources. Thus, the impact of human society on the environment determines the environmental conditionality of the economy. The problem of economy – the maximum satisfaction of needs – becomes the central problem of ecology, as the development of civilization has caused a large volume of resources’ consumption. National economies can be at one of the following development stages: traditional, industrial, post-industrial society. Each stage is characterized by a certain state, the structure of economy, the type and amount of used resources, the attitude to the natural environment and, accordingly, the type of ecological and economic development. In an industrial society, the environmental conditioning of the economy is associated with the use and minimization of resource consumption in order to increase the economic efficiency, but not with understanding that the resources are exhaustible and non-renewable. Therefore, when moving to the postindustrial stage of development, it is important to understand its connection with sustainable development, which consists in synchronizing the innovative development of the productive forces of industry and the "green" nature-saving technologies.

In this paper, the authors analyze the design features of smoke removal zenith light, make calculations not only for the dynamic nature of dome’s opening/closing, but also taking into account all the forces affecting the object of investigation. Based on the suggested analysis, the authors develop a mathematical model that is proposed to be used for the purpose of developing a corrective effect in the algorithms of the system, which allows judging the adaptability.

This paper raises the question of the legal nature of business risk insurance. A conclusion is made that the legal understanding of business risk insurance should be built upon the unity of the actual content of this type of insurance and its legal form. The presence of a special subject on the policy holder’s side in business risk insurance determines the features of the object of such type of insurance, which is represented by an entrepreneur’s insurable interests related to one’s business activity. In the legal sense, insurance is a legal relationship and is characterized by a bilateral connection between the insurer and the policyholder that manifests in a unity of their subjective rights and responsibilities. Two aspects of insurance indicate not the existence of two independent notions free from each other: insurance in the economic sense and insurance in the legal sense, but rather demonstrate two aspects of one phenomenon that exist in an inseparable unity. In the course of comparing business risk insurance and liability insurance, the author comes to a conclusion that unlike liability insurance, business risk insurance is connected not with the policyholder’s wrongful behavior but, on the contrary, with the possible dishonesty of their contracting party.

This paper deals with the experimental study of the gas flow structure at longitudinal flow around a honeycomb surface with hexagonal cells of various sizes and depths. The measurements were carried out using the PIV system for the developed flow in a flat channel with the cross-section 21 × 150 mm and length of 1000 mm. The flow was visualized and the velocity and turbulence components were measured in a smooth channel and in the presence of honeycomb surfaces. It is shown that a boundary layer with high gradient of velocity and turbulent pulsations is formed near the honeycomb.

The paper presents an analysis of demographic and migration policies at the regional level and the mechanism of its influence on ecological consciousness, social-and-cultural environment and mentality. The attention is given to the necessity of increasing life expectancy by reducing both premature and preventable mortality and prolongation of a healthy (active) life by reducing disease and injury, improving the life quality, etc. The process of migrates’ adaptation in the social-and-cultural environment is connected with the peculiarities of the regional mentality, which leads to the need of reaching an agreement, and, in the first place, is important for the sustainable social-and-economic development of the region. In this regard, attention is drawn to the mental foundations of law enforcement, in particular, environmental legislation, legislation on mineral resources and their use. The article proves the thesis that the agreement is possible through dialogue, even within the “forced consensus”, to improve the integration process and, at the same time, to reduce differentiation.

The paper presents an analysis of the impact of life quality at the level of interpersonal dialogue in legal practice of mining regions as the ratio of different subjects there characterizes social-and-cultural environment in general. The attention is given to the fact that the development of social-and-economic potential and independence of the subjects in mining regions in the Russian Federation and other countries makes important the social and cultural factor influencing the development of social stability. The attention is given to the fact that law enforcement on nature and environmental issues depends on the social-and-cultural environment of a particular region and from mentality, legal and environmental awareness, etc. of a particular subject. It was determined that the slowdown in economic growth and an increase of the interests in environmental pollution problems have led not only to the reassessment of the role of coal in China’s economic policy, but also touched the problems of social policy, including issues of life quality and law enforcement.

The work presents the analysis of the influence of the ideological paradigms of technology in solving environmental problems in the conditions of modernization of production, where a significant role is given to the protection and preservation of the natural environment and the protection of the rights of a citizen to a favourable environment. The attention is focused on the fact that in a civilized society, the needs of the individual and society are formed within the right social and cultural fields. The main importance of the regulation of everyday reality allotted to the phenomenon of law as a certain ideological paradigm. Stressed that at different stages in the coexistence of ideology and power detected General forms and principles of their influence on social practices, and on consciousness. The article substantiates the position that any interaction of subjects of economic activities leads to the existence of “constructive tension”.