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Atomistic modeling and simulations have been pivotal in our understanding of the glassy state. Indeed, atomistic modeling offers direct access to the structure and dynamics of atoms in glasses—which is typically hidden from conventional experiments. Simulations also offer a more economical, faster alternative to systematic experiments to decode composition-property relationships and accelerate the discovery of new glasses with desirable properties and functionalities. However, the atomistic modeling of glasses remains plagued by a series of challenges, e.g., high computational cost, limited accessible timescale, lack of accurate interatomic forcefields, etc. These challenges often result in the existence of discrepancies between simulation and experimental data, thereby limiting the predictive power of atomistic modeling. Here, we review recent accomplishments and remaining challenges facing the atomistic modeling of glasses. We discuss future opportunities offered by the seamless integration of simulations, knowledge, experiments, and machine learning in advancing glass modeling to a new era.

Sulfide minerals (mainly FeS2) contained in lead-zinc tailings are easy to be acidified in the air. The acidification mechanism is that the tailing sand generates sulfuric acid and sulfate under the catalysis of oxidant, water and oxygen. The acidic liquid generated by the reaction will continue to react with metal oxides to form an insoluble precipitate.In order to reveal the corresponding changes of chemical properties and physical properties of lead-zinc tailing sand during acidification, a series of reaction processes of tailings under natural conditions were simulated by immersion test in laboratory.It is found through the test that with the deepening of acidification, the coarse particles of tailing sand dissolve, resulting in the decrease of iron concentration in the compound, the increase of fine particles, the increase of specific surface area, the decrease of surface friction and occlusion friction between particles, resulting in the decrease of internal friction angle, and the decrease of the safety of tailings dam. words.

The thermal runaway chain reaction of batteries is an important cause of the battery energy storage system (BESS) accidents, and safety protection technology is the key technology to protect the BESS. Although the flame retardant thermal protection material can delay the thermal runaway chain reaction between batteries and reduce the heat conduction between batteries, it has a negative influence on the normal heat dissipation of batteries. In this paper, 12 series of batteries were assembled into the battery pack. The battery pack with closely arranged batteries, the battery pack with 3mm air gap between batteries and the battery pack with flame retardant thermal protection material between batteries were studied. The battery temperatures and temperature differences of these three types of battery packs were cyclically charged and discharged at rated power, and the effects of air gap and flame retardant thermal protection materials on the heat dissipation of batteries under charge/discharge cycle were analysed.

Determining the water permeability of concrete in structures remains a challenge because of difficulties in removing the influence of its moisture content. Saturating concrete with water could be one option, but this is not easy to achieve on site. This paper reports a testing programme carried out to assess the reliability and effectiveness of two field saturation methods, viz. vacuum saturation and ponding. The water permeability test results after applying the vacuum saturation and ponding were compared with that obtained after incremental immersion. It was found that ponding was unable to remove the influence of moisture, whilst vacuum saturation was effective for wet concretes. The results obtained from the electrical resistance measurements after incremental immersion suggested that the water permeability of concretes can be accurately determined by carrying out in situ permeability tests if the near surface region up to a depth of 25 mm is fully saturated.

In order to meet the growing demand of the society for electric power, the construction of electric power infrastructure is constantly carried out. However, investment in construction and cost control are particularly important. Because of its own characteristics, overhead line project cost control management is difficult to carry out. According to the characteristics of overhead line engineering, this paper constructs an overhead line engineering cost index system composed of 24 indexes including voltage grade from three aspects: technical conditions, engineering quantity attribute and cost attribute. Combining with the actual data of the completed project, the BP neural network algorithm is used to predict the static investment of the project. The accuracy of the prediction model reaches 99.9%. This verifies the rationality and comprehensiveness of the overhead line project cost index system constructed in this paper, and provides reliable guidance for the overhead line project cost management.

The behaviours of the Zinc coating would be subjected to the complex zinc anion, and also the additives, current densities and compositions of electroplating bath. In this study, the complex agents (anise aldehyde and Lugalvan P) were added into the electroplating bath to improve the anti-corrosion ability and inhibit dendritic structure on zinc coating. The Lugalvan P is added into the electroplating bath to inhibit dendritic structure during electroplating. The anise aldehyde and complex zinc ions plate a smooth zinc coating. Moreover, the crystalline structures of zinc coating analyzed by X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) and the surface morphology of zinc coating was observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the Lugalvan P additive forms the relatively highest flatness, which inhibited the dendritic structure. High electroplating efficiency was achieved of current intensity of 3 A cm-2, and a smoothness and gloss deposited surface could be obtained. With increasing the deposition current density, it can form a better zinc coating with low plating bath resistance to form a higher anti-corrosion zinc plate.

With more penetration of solar power plants, photovoltaic generation will be exerting more influences on the power system. The main purpose of this paper is to study the dynamic characteristics of the power system with photovoltaic generation. First, power flow and bus voltage variations of the system with photovoltaic generation are calculated. Then according to the related interconnection criteria, the voltage variation and cable loading are inspected to determine whether the system complies with relevant specifications. Finally, the dynamic responses of the system are analyzed. This paper focuses on a sample power system with photovoltaic generation. The system dynamic characteristics are examined when three-phase faults occur, and the system voltage variations subject to illumination change are investigated. Results show that photovoltaic generation has less impact on system because the capacity of the photovoltaic generation is not high. The illumination change does affect both voltage and frequency of the system, and the system will return to a normal operating state after a period of time.