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W zbiorach Biblioteki Miejskiej w Bydgoszczy znajduje się od 1907 roku księgozbiór pochodzący z klasztoru Bernardynów. W latach 30. XX wieku dyrektor Witold Bełza postanowił stworzyć we wnętrzach książnicy pomieszczenie przypominające średniowieczne skryptorium, w którym bezcenne dzieła miały być przechowywane. W realizację projektu zaangażowani byli: Jerzy Rupniewski, malarz, Wiktor Zabielski, architekt, Edward Kwiatkowski, witrażysta, Anastazy Czarnecki, stolarz oraz miejscowe cechy rzemieślnicze i prywatni fundatorzy. Prace trwały od 1934 do 1936 roku. W tym samym czasie prawnik i kolekcjoner Kazimierz Kierski przekazał do zbiorów Biblioteki Miejskiej w Bydgoszczy kolekcję dokumentów i rękopisów. Dla nich w sąsiedztwie Biblioteki Bernardynów powstała tzw. Sala Królewska, nad wystrojem której pracował ten sam zespół projektantów. Została ona otwarta dla czytelników i zwiedzających w 1937 roku. Oba wnętrza, które szczęśliwie przetrwały II wojnę światową, pozostają oryginalną pamiątką po czasach, kiedy miasto szukało swojej przedrozbiorowej historii, wpisując własną tożsamość w dzieje II Rzeczypospolitej.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to investigate emotions accompanying teachers in the process of getting accustomed to the new situation of distance learning during the COVID-19 lockdown in secondary schools in Poland. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research questions concerned the type of emotions teachers experienced, the triggers provoking most positive and negative emotions, as well as factors influencing teachers’ emotional states. The tool used in the study was the questionnaire by means of which the teachers were to identify emotions they had towards people who took part in the lesson, the lesson itself, the equipment used and other interrelated issues in line with Yik’s circular model of affect. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The way teachers reach students remotely, often unfamiliar, unknown to many of the educators, has been further complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to fulfilling their teaching duties, the teachers had to face extra-curricular difficulties and dangers, such as infection, isolation and quarantine, and gradually get used to the new situation. RESEARCH RESULTS: The obtained results indicate emotional changes at each stage of getting accustomed to the new situation. The tendencies observed could be described as increasing negative feelings experienced by the sample at the very beginning of distant education that lowered towards the end of the school closure periods, and/or were replaced with positive ones. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS: The author presents measures to be used to improve the school situation, among which an immediate solution lies in the courses currently offered by many institutions, and IT support offered by schools. Also, ideas on how to expand the current study, involving those allowing for a comparison between different levels of education and among other participants of distance learning, such as primary/university teachers as well as learners and their parents and siblings.

Prosody, Semantics and Style. On the Hierarchy of Levels of Equivalence in the Translation of Cabaret Songs (Case Study: Polish Versions of Fred Ebb's Money…) The article is a case study and contains a comparative analysis of four variants of the Polish translation of Fred Ebb and John Kander’s song Money… from the musical “Cabaret”. The author of the translation is Wojciech Młynarski, one of the most respected Polish songwriters of the second half of the twentieth century. In the study, an assumption is made that Młynarski, who repeatedly changed versions of his translation, sought to create the most faithful rendition of the songs from the musical for the needs of the Polish stage. His efforts can be observed at four levels of text organization. The translator aimed mainly for sound equivalence, i.e. conformity with the original song in terms of rhythm (word stress), rhyme (consonance) and voice instrumentation and, to a lesser extent, sound imitation. He also cared about pragmatic equivalence by rendering into Polish the original intentions, with particular emphasis on the modes of indirect communication, such as irony and satire. However, other aspects of equivalence remained in the background. Not everywhere the translator managed to keep the cognitive equivalence, i.e. convergence of imagery, by translating scenes and scenarios that were part of cultural knowledge into parallel ones and, more broadly, by trying to evoke similar images in the mind of the reader and listener. His efforts to achieve the effect of broadly understood stylistic equivalence were also noteworthy; only to a small extent they consisted in giving the right stylistic coloring to the individual lexical items which had their English equivalents, and they mainly boiled down to translating stylistic games that did not necessarily cover the same fragments of the song, though were usually based on the same mechanism (a clash between low and high style, absurdity). The analysis shows that the translator adopted tabular rather than linear approach to the original.

W oparciu przede wszystkim o źródła archiwalne podjęłam w artykule próbę zwięzłego omówienia udziału Krystyny i Czesława Bednarczyków, założycieli emigracyjnej Oficyny Poetów i Malarzy, w pracach redakcyjnych zespołu paryskiej „Kultury” i londyńskiego „Orła Białego”. Zarówno szczegóły tej współpracy, jak i redaktorskie dokonania debiutujących wydawców poezji nie wzbudziły dotychczas żywszego zainteresowania badaczy życia literackiego emigracji. Tymczasem na początku lat pięćdziesiątych Bednarczykowie zasadniczo wpływali na podniesienie poziomu poetyckiego i artystycznego obu periodyków, publikując gościnnie autorskie całostronicowe kompozycje wierszy i grafik malarzy oraz poetów, których poznali w większości na wojennym szlaku II Korpusu. W „Kulturze” ukazały się one tylko dwa razy (w kwietniu i listopadzie 1950 r.), na łamach „Orła Białego” zaś dziesięć razy (w latach 1950-1951). Uczestnictwo w tworzeniu numerów miesięcznika oraz tygodnika stanowiło dla Bednarczyków szansę nie tylko na redaktorski debiut i edytorską wprawkę, lecz także na reklamę własnego wydawniczego przedsięwzięcia. Zarówno bowiem Jerzy Giedroyc, jak i Ryszard Piestrzyński wspomogli nowo założoną Oficynę Poetów i Malarzy, zamieszczając w kierowanych przez siebie pismach apele, ogłoszenia i artykuły promujące tę inicjatywę. Zatem mimo że opisana współpraca stanowiła dla Bednarczyków dodatkowe i krótkotrwałe zatrudnienie, należy uznać możliwość równoczesnego redagowania działu poetyckiego „Kultury” oraz „Orła Białego” za niemałe ich osiągnięcie i przywrócić temu epizodowi należne mu z tej racji miejsce w literaturze przedmiotu.

Abstract Polish Arabian horses are one of the oldest and the most important Arab populations in the world. The Polish Arabian Stud Book and the Genealogical Charts by Skorkowski are the main sources of information on the ancestors of Polish Arabs. Both publications were viewed as credible sources of information until the 1990s when the data regarding one of the dam lines was questioned. The aim of the current study was to check the accuracy of the pedigree data of Polish dam lines using mtDNA analysis. The analyses of a 458 bp mtDNA D-loop fragment from representatives of 15 Polish Arabian dam lines revealed 14 distinct haplotypes. The results were inconsistent with pedigree data in the case of two lines. A detailed analysis of the historical sources was performed to explain these discrepancies. Our study revealed that representatives of different lines shared the same haplotypes. We also noted a genetic identity between some lines founded by Polish mares of unknown origin and lines established by desert-bred mares.

The quality of air in sacral buildings is an important factor that affects users. Church buildings are characterized by a specific microclimate, because they accommodate many people in short periods of time, which results in rapid changes in air quality. Sacral buildings usually only have natural ventilation through doors, return air inlets and window leaks, which can cause uneven distribution of fresh air. The aim of this article is to analyze the results of research on the basic parameters of air quality: carbon dioxide, relative humidity and air temperature in the church. The analysis carried out on research results allowed to state that the measured parameters of air quality - the concentration of carbon dioxide and the level of relative humidity significantly exceeded the standards recommendations. High level of air humidity was recorded at 75%. In the analyzed sacral building there is the need to improve air quality in terms of carbon dioxide and relative humidity. Ways of improving air quality, such as installation of mechanical ventilation, will help prevent damage to structures and equipment, and improve comfort of people in the church.

The article outlines existing solutions in the area of graphs and temporal databases. It provides explanation for why the temporal graph database was created. Furthermore, the article also describes the concept and assumptions about the temporal graph database, including a proposal of two methods for representing temporal data in graph databases. Full write method assumes creating a new database object for each state of being. While incremental method writes only such features and relationships that were subject to change. Regardless of the data write method used, the data may be returned in a historically unordered or ordered manner. The article outlines assumptions for both methods of representing data.

The quality of indoor environment is an extremely important issue, because people spend large parts of the day inside buildings. The quality of the indoor environment is largely dependent on the quality of indoor air. The parameters of the air we breathe affect our health and comfort of room use. Currently, when energy efficiency is a priority, it is difficult to maintain comfort and conditions appropriate for human health. The artificial environment in a room and related inadequate air quality cause many diseases, such as asthma, lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, as well as poor well-being and reduced productivity. The Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) indicator means “loss of life corrected by disability” and is widely used by the World Health Organization to measure a disease burden on the population and identify the causes of a disease. The aim of the article is to present the structure of the DALY indicator and its suitability to assess the impact of indoor air quality on human health. The most frequent diseases caused by low quality of internal air were analysed based on statistical data. In addition, the possibilities of ventilation solutions have been presented, leading to the improvement of air quality in indoor environment.

While drilling through clay rocks using water-based mud, number of challenges need to be faced in view of hydration and swelling of this type of rock. Those phenomena consist in the fact, that clay mineral grows in volume due to water contact. In order to limit hydration phenomenon, for clay rocks drilling are used drilling muds with addition of chemical agents called hydration inhibitors. The article describes studies, which resulted in development of new formula of drilling mud with addition of a new short-chained amino polymer developed in Drilling, Oil and Gas Faculty AGH-UST Krakow. For the developed mud, tests of technological parameters were conducted according to API RP 13B-1 as well as specialist examinations: linear swelling of Miocene shale and clay rock disintegration. Studies also consists of syntheses of polyampholyte and short-chained cationic polymer. Based on performed studies, it was found that studied mud is characterized by good and easy to regulate technological parameters as well as effective inhibition of hydration, swelling and disintegration of clay rocks.

Marine sediment was selected as a test sample for the laboratory inter-comparison studies organized by the Environment Laboratoryes of the International Atomic Energy. The analytical procedure to establish the reference values for the Cd, Cu, Hg, Methyl Hg, Pb and Zn amount contents was based on Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ID ICP-MS applied as a primary method of measurement..The Hg and Methyl Hg determination will be detailed more specifically because of the problems encountered with this element, including sample homogeneity issues, memory effects and possible matrix effects during the ICP- MS measurement stage. Reference values, traceable to the SI, with total uncertainties of less than 2% relative expanded uncertainty (k=2) were obtained for Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb and around 5% for Hg and CH3Hg.

Development of any language is connected with the changes in its vocabulary in order to adopt it to changing needs of communication. There are many ways of modernizing the lexis but compound units based on words already existing in the language play a significant role. Their importance is comparable to that of the loanwords. They function as the new entries in the vocabulary but within the structure of the language they are typi cal phrases. Let us have a closer look on nominal compounds in Hausa. In the grammatical system of the language they form regular constructions Cso-called genettval constructions). They significally enrich the vocabulary so as A the new units designating the real things Cpersons, events, etc. 2) are formed.