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This article establishes an experimental platform for study of the thermal storage characteristics of solid thermal storage materials in low pressure environments. The experimental results show that under the influence of the thermal inertia of the heating section in low pressure environments, the thermal storage rates of thermal storage materials first increase to the peak, and then gradually decrease with the increase or decrease of the temperature of the thermal storage bricks. Air pressure has a significant impact on the heat storage rate of thermal bricks: compared to a 101kPa atmospheric pressure environment, under the same heating temperature, the heat storage time of 80kPa and 40kPa is significantly increased, and the lower the air pressure, the longer the heat storage time required.