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A detailed 402 patient survey explored the psychological concomitants of arterial hypertension. Non-linear correlation analysis was used to uncover the strong association of psychic and somatic aspects in patients with arterial hypertension and to suggest new methods for their ambulatory rehabilitation. Aspects of patient compliance were considered, taking into account the patients' psychic status. Particulars of doctor--patient relationship were discussed and strong emphasis was placed on close psychological affinities between the two as the prerequisite for fostering patient compliance. A multi-dimensional study, is was concerned with assessing the efficiency of both drug therapy (hypotensive and psychotropic drugs and an association of the two) and other types of therapy (autogenous training, therapeutic relaxation exercise) for the rehabilitation of patients with arterial hypertension by means of polyclinic-based ambulatory care.