1,080 results on '"VITAMIN A"'
Search Results
2. Les vitamines liposolubles A, D, E et K : épidémiologie, étiologie et traitement.
- Author
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Andrès, Emmanuel, Villalba, Noel Lorenzo, Terrade, Jean-Edouard, and Habib, Charlène
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VITAMIN A , *VITAMIN D , *PREGNANT women , *DIET , *DIETARY supplements - Abstract
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential for the body to function and for life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. As a result, deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins are rarer in industrialised countries than in countries with limited resources. However, even in the latter, certain groups of individuals are affected, such as newborns or growing children, pregnant or breast-feeding women and elderly or isolated subjects. Vitamin A, D, E and K deficiencies are also relatively common in people with digestive tract disorders, in patients suffering from chronic pathologies or in intensive care patients. Deficiencies or excesses of fat-soluble vitamins are responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical symptoms. Treatment of deficiencies requires vitamin supplementation, a well-balanced diet and treatment of the cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Les vitamines liposolubles A, D, E et K : métabolisme, fonctions, manifestations cliniques.
- Author
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Andrès, Emmanuel, Villalba, Noel Lorenzo, Terrade, Jean-Edouard, and Habib, Charlène
- Subjects
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METABOLISM , *VITAMIN D , *VITAMIN A , *OSTEOMALACIA , *BLOOD testing - Abstract
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential to the body's functioning and to life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. Deficiency or excess of fat-soluble vitamins is responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical symptoms. The fact that the functions performed by these vitamins are both ubiquitous and vital explains the wide variety of clinical manifestations and their potential seriousness. Some syndromes are typical of a deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins, such as: the combination of ophthalmological and immunity impairment in the case of vitamin A; a haemorrhagic syndrome and osteopenia in the case of vitamin E; and osteomalacia, muscular weakness, even falls, and rickets in the case of vitamin D. Diagnosis of a deficiency in one of the fat-soluble vitamins is based on blood tests, which are not always essential for routine use. In this case, a therapeutic test may be suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques (CAP) en matière d’eau, d’hygiène, d’assainissement et de nutrition santé du couple Mère-Enfant chez les femmes (15 - 49 ans) en Côte d’Ivoire.
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Martin IRIGO, Gbete Jean
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WATER , *HYGIENE , *NUTRITION , *SANITATION - Abstract
This (quantitative) survey is a community diagnosis contributing to the project to transform rural women's communities in northern of Côte d'Ivoire, particularly those in the administrative regions of Bagoué; Poro and Tchologo. The sample size calculation was performed using G*Power software (version 3.1);considering a statistical power of 94%, a α threshold of 0.05 and an Effect Size (ET) of 2, the minimum sample size was 329 target population (target women and women of child bearing age 15-49 years).Results on water PACs ; hygiene ; sanitation ; nutrition and vitamin A indicate that knowledge of good practices in drinking or cooking water storage is low (15.5%); The cleaning of kitchen surfaces and kitchen utensils after preparation is good (99.7%). Off-wall defecation practices are still prevalent in the study area (13%). Provisions to avoid contaminating meat and not to consume dirty water are weak in some localities. And if the diet of new borns is sufficiently known (96.12% for breast milk as the first food; 81.4% for the recommendation to feed the child only at the breast until the age of 6 months and 92% for breastfeeding the infant on demand), itis not the same for vitamin A (31.9%).These results are more or less mixed on water PACs; hygiene ; sanitation ; nutrition and vitamin A show the need to increase communication for social and behavioral change in northern of Côte d'Ivoire in view of low knowledge of undernutrition and vitamin A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
5. Biochimie structurale - Cours, fiches et QCM
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Bret Lydie, Delcamp Clément, Bret Lydie, and Delcamp Clément
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- Lipoproteins, Oligosaccharides, Isoprene, Lipids, Peptides, Phospholipids, Monosaccharides, Oxidation-reduction reaction, Fatty acids, Ceramides, Biochemistry, Amino acids, Enzymes, Glycerides, Coenzymes, Eicosanoids, Polypeptides, Vitamin E, Vitamins, Fat-soluble, Terpenes, Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Structure-activity relationships (Biochemistry), Sphingolipids, Proteins, Multiple-choice examinations, Steroids, Sterols, Sphingosine, Stereochemistry
- Published
- 2020
6. COVID-19 Pandemic and Immune Boost up: The Synergistic Role of Nutrients.
- Author
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HUQ, A. K. OBIDUL, UDDIN, IELIAS, ISLAM, MD. TAZUL, AHMED, EYAD, SIDDIQUE, MOHAMMAD ABU BAKR, RAHIM, A. N. M. BAZLUR, TALUKDER, MESBAH UDDIN, NIGAR, SHIREEN, ABEDIN, NUSRAT, and ARJOO, MAHJABEEN
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VITAMIN A ,COVID-19 ,VIRUS diseases ,ATTENTION control ,VITAMIN C - Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global public health emergency due to the recent spread of COVID-19 throughout the world. Millions of people are affected daily and thousands died. Almost all countries are now paying attention to control this pandemic outbreak. Therefore, researchers are trying to identify the pathophysiology of the disease, appropriate prognosis, effective management and prevention of COVID-19. Based on current published evidence, this review article specifies the role of different nutrients in the possible prevention and management of COVID-19 and viral infections. Balanced nutrition including adequate vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, magnesium, selenium, zinc and phytonutrients have shown promising immune-boosting roles in COVID-19 and other respiratory infections due to their potential antiinflammatory and antioxidants properties. These micronutrients act against COVID-19 infections both individually and synergistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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7. The Association of Higher Composite Biomarker Score of Antioxidant Vitamins with Lower Cardiovascular Diseases Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study.
- Author
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AL-RAMMAHI, THAER M. M., AL-RUBAYE, HAIDAR, and ASHOR, AMMAR WAHAM
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VITAMIN A ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,BLOOD sugar ,DISEASE incidence ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases - Abstract
Biomarkers for the dietary system, which includes a mixed fruit and vegetable (FV), are needed to understand the association of FV intake with a reduction in cardiovascular diseases risk. This is a crosssectional study that aims to find the potential relationship between a high composite score comprised of antioxidant vitamins and a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A total of 94 (42 males and 52 females) participants (mean age ± SD: 51.7 ± 9.4 years) completed a specific questionnaire including a quick food scan, which has designed by the American National Institutes of Health. The vitamins A, C and E were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). An enzymatic colorimetric method was used to determine other biomarkers [fasting blood sugar (FBS), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid profile]. A Composite Biomarker Score (CBS) comprising of the plasma vitamins (A, C, and E) have been derived. The results showed that male participants demonstrated significantly higheratherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk than female participants. Female participants with greater ASCVD risk were associated with significantly higher age, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between the CBS with lower ASCVD risk. Consequently, it can be concluded that higher concentrations of serum antioxidant vitamins are related toa reduction in cardiovascular diseases risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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8. Nutritional quality of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods: focus on lipid composition and vitamin content
- Author
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Moustiés Célia, Bourlieu-Lacanal Claire, Hemery Youna M., Baréa Bruno, Villeneuve Pierre, Servent Adrien, Alter Pascaline, Lebrun Marc, Laillou Arnaud, Wieringa Frank T., and Avallone Sylvie
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fortified food ,infant nutrition ,lipid oxidation ,secondary oxidation volatile compounds ,lipophilic vitamins ,vitamin a ,Oils, fats, and waxes ,TP670-699 - Abstract
Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is still a public health issue in many low-income and middle-income countries. Its management has changed with the development of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF) that are energy-dense, lipid-based, micronutrient-enriched foods. The purpose of the present study was to define some aspects of the nutritional profile (in particular, lipid content, fatty acids profile, lipophilic vitamin content), oxidative status, and mycotoxin content of three RUTF products (of which two manufactured in Asia and one in Europe), at different time points during their storage. All RUTF displayed good lipid stability, with peroxide values
- Published
- 2022
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9. Fat-soluble Vitamins in Foods: Analysis by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry
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Esther Campos-Giménez and Jean-Marie Oberson
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Fat-soluble vitamins ,Supercritical fluid chromatography ,Vitamin a ,Vitamin d ,Vitamin e ,Vitamin k ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2019
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10. Review of nutritional components in Covid-19: what about micronutrients?
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Muriel, Bost, Emmanuel, Richard, Isabelle, Redonnet-Vernhet, François, Parant, Lysiane, Boulet, Thierry, Dupré, Delphine, Collin-Chavagnac, Samir, Mesli, Marie-Christine, Beauvieux, and Samuel, Zozor
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COVID-19 ,Humans ,Nutritional Status ,Micronutrients ,Vitamins ,Vitamin A ,Trace Elements - Abstract
Nutritional status is an important protection factor against viral infections. Both undernutrition and malnutrition cause deficits in micronutrients, trace elements and vitamins necessary for various physiological functions and the appropriate functioning of the immune system. These deficiencies and infectious diseases often coexist, with complex interactions. An assessment of the micro-nutrient nutritional status of Covid-19 patients has not been at the center of priorities and recommendations, due to both the medical emergency and the absence of direct evidence and rapid effects of supplementation. Few recommendations have come from learned societies due to the lack of significant evidence of the effects of supplementation in positive patients and a need for robust studies. Essential trace elements and vitamins are necessary for the differentiation, activation and execution of many functions of immune cells, but their specific role has yet to be defined. This review article discusses in the context of Covid-19 the importance of micronutrients (selenium, copper, zinc, vitamins C, D, A and those of group B) in the host to tend towards an optimization of the immune response to infections. A nutritional balance remains the key word for achieving micronutrient homeostasis. Attention had to be paid to micronutrients in primary prevention, in the general population, in order to reduce the risk of impaired nutritional status in case of major health situations.Le statut nutritionnel est important pour protéger des infections virales. La dénutrition comme la malnutrition induisent des déficits en micronutriments, éléments-trace et vitamines nécessaires aux fonctions physiologiques et au fonctionnement du système immunitaire. Ces carences et les maladies infectieuses coexistent souvent en complexes interactions. Une évaluation de l’état nutritionnel en micronutriments des patients Covid-19 n’a pas été au centre des priorités face à l’urgence médicale et à l’absence de preuves directes et rapides des effets de supplémentation. Peu de recommandations ont émané des sociétés savantes par manque de preuves significatives des effets de supplémentations, avec une nécessité d’études robustes. S’il est reconnu que les oligo-éléments essentiels et les vitamines sont nécessaires à la différenciation, l’activation et l’exécution de fonctions des cellules immunitaires, leur rôle spécifique reste encore à définir. Cette synthèse aborde dans la Covid-19 l’importance des micronutriments (sélénium, cuivre, zinc, vitamines C, D, A et groupe B) chez l’hôte pour tendre vers une optimisation de la réponse immunitaire aux infections. En prévention primaire, en population générale, un équilibre nutritionnel reste central pour atteindre l’homéostasie des micronutriments, pour diminuer le risque des situations de déséquilibre et de fragilisation face à des situations sanitaires d’ampleur.
- Published
- 2022
11. Les interactions entre les vitamines A, D, E et K : synergie et/ou compétition
- Author
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Guilland Jean-Claude
- Subjects
vitamin A ,vitamin D ,vitamin E ,vitamin K ,antagonistic effects ,additive effects ,synergistic effects ,Oils, fats, and waxes ,TP670-699 - Abstract
Antagonist or synergistic interactions have been shown between vitamins A, D, E and K on their respective intestinal absorption (i.e. for vitamins A and E), metabolism (i.e. for vitamins E and K) and biological effects (i.e. for vitamins A and D). Studies have variously indicated antagonistic, additive or synergistic effects of vitamin A in combination with vitamin D, occurring during hormonal ligand binding to their respective nuclear receptors and at multiple steps in cell. In vitro experimental studies have demonstrated that vitamins C and E, the main dietary antioxidants, can interact positively, and this has been confirmed as occurring in vivo. The putative interaction may be direct, via vitamin C ‘‘sparing’’ of vitamin E. However, the antioxidant effects of these two vitamins may operate within the context of an integrating system relying on many other vitamins and nutrients such as b-carotene, lipoic acid and ubiquinol. Any alteration, therefore, in the status of a single vitamin or nutrient could affect the status of other vitamin(s). It also appears that randomized trials aimed to investigate the protective effects of these nutrients by using supplements could not take in account the complexity of these interactions. Vitamin E interacts negatively with vitamin K. The mechanisms by which vitamin E interferes with vitamin K activity, especially blood clotting, are not known. The interference may involve metabolic pathways. Vitamin E may compete for the yet undiscovered enzyme involved in the conversion of phylloquinone (K1) to menaquinone 4 (MK-4, the most potent extrahepatic tissue vitamin K). Vitamin E competes with K1 for the hypothetical cytochrome P450 enzyme that v-hydroxylates the K1 side chain, thereby preventing its b-oxidation and its removal for MK-4 formation. Finally, vitamin E increases xenobiotic pathways that increase hepatic metabolism and excretion of all vitamin K forms.
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- 2011
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12. [How I treat … vitamin D intoxication in a child with cystic fibrosis].
- Author
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Rebia I, Thimmesch M, Mulder A, Bauraind O, and Lebecque P
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- Child, Humans, Calcium, Vitamins therapeutic use, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Cystic Fibrosis complications, Cystic Fibrosis drug therapy
- Abstract
At least 80 % of persons with cystic fibrosis are pancreatic insufficient and benefit from daily supplementation with fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK). Magistral formulations offer ideal flexibility for prescriptions tailored to vitamin A, D and E blood levels. However, they expose to human errors, mainly leading to vitamin D intoxication whose clinical features are related to hypercalcaemia. Symptoms are mostly digestive (vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain …) and, less frequently, renal (nycturia …) complaints. When symptoms and/or serum calcium levels ≥ 14 mg/100 ml are present, prompt management is required. Besides interruption of supplementation, rapid intravenous hyperhydration (saline) is essential. Once hydration has been restored, and still under close biological supervision, a loop diuretic (furosemide) may be used but the drug of choice to achieve rapid normalization of blood calcium levels will often be intravenous pamidronate. Normalization of serum vitamin 25(OH)-D levels may take several months but the prognosis is very good. In Belgium, the very late reimbursement of a fixed combination of fat-soluble vitamins (Dekas®) meeting the standards of the pharmaceutical industry is expected to reduce the incidence of these intoxications, at the price, however, of less flexible prescription.
- Published
- 2023
13. Review of nutritional components in Covid-19: what about micronutrients?
- Author
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Bost M, Richard E, Redonnet-Vernhet I, Parant F, Boulet L, Dupré T, Collin-Chavagnac D, Mesli S, and Beauvieux MC
- Subjects
- Humans, Micronutrients, Nutritional Status, Vitamin A, Vitamins therapeutic use, COVID-19 epidemiology, Trace Elements therapeutic use
- Abstract
Nutritional status is an important protection factor against viral infections. Both undernutrition and malnutrition cause deficits in micronutrients, trace elements and vitamins necessary for various physiological functions and the appropriate functioning of the immune system. These deficiencies and infectious diseases often coexist, with complex interactions. An assessment of the micro-nutrient nutritional status of Covid-19 patients has not been at the center of priorities and recommendations, due to both the medical emergency and the absence of direct evidence and rapid effects of supplementation. Few recommendations have come from learned societies due to the lack of significant evidence of the effects of supplementation in positive patients and a need for robust studies. Essential trace elements and vitamins are necessary for the differentiation, activation and execution of many functions of immune cells, but their specific role has yet to be defined. This review article discusses in the context of Covid-19 the importance of micronutrients (selenium, copper, zinc, vitamins C, D, A and those of group B) in the host to tend towards an optimization of the immune response to infections. A nutritional balance remains the key word for achieving micronutrient homeostasis. Attention had to be paid to micronutrients in primary prevention, in the general population, in order to reduce the risk of impaired nutritional status in case of major health situations.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Adénite sébacée granulomateuse du chien : une revue.
- Author
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Bensignor, E. and Guaguère, E.
- Subjects
SEBACEOUS gland diseases ,DOG diseases ,LYMPHADENITIS ,INFLAMMATION ,DISEASE susceptibility ,PROPYLENE glycols ,OINTMENTS - Abstract
Copyright of Pratique Medicale et Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
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15. Atteintes osseuses et neuromusculaires de l’hypervitaminose A
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Lazarovici, Céline and Taillandier, Jean
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HYPERVITAMINOSIS , *VITAMIN A , *BONE abnormalities , *BONE density , *BONE fractures , *EXOSTOSIS , *NEUROMUSCULAR diseases ,TREATMENT of bone diseases - Abstract
Abstract: Vitamin A (retinol) plays an important role in bone structure and function. Retinoids, synthetic derivatives of vitamin A are associated with bone abnormalities mimicking negative spondylarthropathy or Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH). Physiopathological mechanisms are still unclear. Concerning action on bone mineral density and fractures, literature data are conflicting. On neuromuscular side, adverse effects are variable in frequency and severity, generally reversible upon withdrawal of treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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16. Hypercalcémie révélant une hypervitaminose A iatrogène chez un enfant atteint de troubles autistiques
- Author
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Kimmoun, A., Leheup, B., Feillet, F., Dubois, F., and Morali, A.
- Subjects
- *
HYPERVITAMINOSIS , *VITAMIN A , *HYPERCALCEMIA , *JUVENILE diseases , *DISEASES , *AUTISM in children - Abstract
Summary: Hypervitaminosis A is an unusual cause of infant hypercalcemia. The way it occurs can be very surprising, as one can notice from the following case report. Case reports: A three-year-old boy, presenting important behavioral disorders, was hospitalized because of a deterioration of his general state of health associated with vomiting, cephalgias, fever and cutaneous abnormalities. A 168mg/L hypercalcemia was found. The only etiology is a deviant consumption of vitamin A within the framework of an “autistic diet”: 100000UI/d during three months, and then 150000UI/d the three following months. Intoxication was confirmed by the increased vitamin A plasmatic level, and vitamin A/RBP molar ratio and by the presence of plasmatic retinyl palmitate. An emergency treatment by rehydration, biphosphonates and furosemide led to effective calcemia normalization. Conclusion: In the case of nonobvious causes of hypercalcemia, a thorough cross-examination must look for vitamin A intoxication. Our observation illustrates the danger of certain diets suggested for autistic children. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
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17. Est-il légitime d'administrer des vitamines liposolubles (A, E et D) chez le prématuré pendant 6 mois?
- Author
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Salle, B.-L., Delvin, E., Claris, O., Hascoet, J.-M., and Levy, E.
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VITAMIN A , *VITAMIN E , *VITAMIN D , *CARRIER proteins , *PREMATURE infants - Abstract
Abstract: Information on the vitamin A and E nutritional status in preterm infants is scarce. Population and methods: In the present prospective and longitudinal study, we measured the plasma concentrations of vitamins A, E, D and of retinol binding protein (RBP) in preterm infants (32–34 weeks of gestation) at birth, and verified whether oral supplementation with these 3 vitamins for 1, 3 and 6 months affected their plasma concentrations. The 17 consecutively recruited premature infants received daily 3000 IU of vitamin A, 5 mg of vitamin E and 1000 IU of vitamin D. Results: At birth, premature infants exhibited a low plasma concentrations of vitamin A (0.66 [0.41–0.96]) μmol/l, vitamin E (8.1 [4.2-16.9] μmol/l), RBP (0.45 [0.22–0.71] μmol/l) and 25 hydroxyvitamine D (25 OHD) (20 [20–40] nmol/l). Plasma vitamin A, E , D and RBP concentrations increased with time, but vitamin A at 1, 3 and 6 months did not attain values considered normal in term infants or adolescents. At 6 months, the plasma 25 OHD was at 92 (71–116) nmol/l, a concentration considered normal and non-toxic. Conclusion: We recommend to increase oral administration of vitamin A to 5000 IU/day, at least for the first month of life and, thereafter to administer 3000 IU for 5 months. As for vitamin E and vitamin D, the doses used in this study are sufficient but should be administered for 6 months. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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18. Impact du thé vert sur l'effet oxydatif du métavanadate d'ammonium chez le rat male pubère
- Author
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Soussi, Ahlem, Croute, Françoise, Soleilhavoup, Jean-Pierre, Kammoun, Abdelaziz, and El Feki, Abdelfattah
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TRANSITION metals , *OXIDATIVE stress , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *LABORATORY rats , *TEA , *PEROXIDATION - Abstract
Abstract: Transitional metals, as vanadium, are known to exert noxious effects by generating oxidative stress. Addition of antioxidants in the diet could decrease the cytotoxic effect related to the oxidative stress. The present study, carried out in Wistar rats, is a contribution to the evaluation of protective effects of green tea Camellia sinensis, which is known to be rich in antioxidant compounds (polyphenols...). Rats were divided into four groups: (C) was control, (V) was given ammonium metavanadate (AMV), (TH) was given herbal tea as drink (66 g/l) and TH + V was given tea and metavanadate. Group (TH) was given herbal tea one month before vanadium treatment. Metavanadate was daily i.p. injected (5 mg NH4VO3/kg body weight) for 10 days. (C) and (TH) groups received i.p. injections of 0.9% NaCl during the same period. Changes in lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS) in kidney, liver and testes, serum concentrations of vitamins E and A and superoxidismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in blood cells were determined. One month pre-treatment with green tea, followed by 10 days of treatment (TH) did not change TBARS in liver and testes as compared to controls, but induced a clear decrease of TBARS in kidneys. Intraperitoneal administration of AMV to rats (V) induced a time-dependant increase of TBARS in kidney, liver and testes that was lowered in rats (V + TH) drinking tea. Vitamin E concentrations were found to be drastically decreased from day 1 to 10 in rats (V). Vitamin A concentration was decreased at day 10 only. Drinking tea lowered AMV inhibitory effects in rats (V + TH), and conversely an increase of vitamins A and E concentrations were found at day 10. SOD and catalase activities were found increased in the blood cells from day 1 to day 5 and conversely decreased at day 10. In contrast, associated to green tea, AMV did not affect SOD and catalase activities compared to controls. To cite this article: A. Soussi et al., C. R. Biologies 329 (2006). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
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19. Vitamines liposolubles chez le nourrisson
- Author
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Salle, B.-L., Delvin, E., and Claris, O.
- Subjects
- *
VITAMINS , *NUTRITION , *VITAMIN D , *IMMUNITY , *INFANT health - Abstract
Abstract: Vitamins are micronutrients not synthesised by the human body and should be provided by the nutrition. Liposoluble vitamins include vitamins A, E, D and K. Vitamins A and E are two potent antioxidant nutrients and play a significant role in immune function. Vitamin D plays a major role in intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Vitamin K intervenes in the synthesis of coagulation factors particularly in the prothrombin synthesis. Vitamin metabolism, placental transfer, vitamin status in newborns and infants are reported. Finally requirements of these vitamins are defined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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20. Oxidative stress during acute inflammatory and critical states: implications for clinical practice
- Author
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Zazzo, Jean-Fabien
- Subjects
- *
VITAMIN E , *OXIDIZING agents , *VITAMIN C , *FREE radicals , *HEALTH - Abstract
Oxygen free radicals (OFR) production and consumption are balanced in health. In acute inflammatory disease, OFR may overwhelm host defence mechanisms, a condition known as oxidative stress. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in inflammatory situations and critical illness such as Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, septic shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome, burns, trauma, and renal failure. Deficiencies in anti-oxidant defences include depletion of glutathione, vitamins A, C and E and selenium. Preventing the initiation or controlling the progression of local or systemic disease processes that complicate the course of critically ill patients with anti-oxidant therapies is an actual strategy. This review will present trials with single or multiple anti-oxidant therapies in critical situations. These studies strongly suggest that patients should benefit from anti-oxidant therapy. To date, data to support routine use of anti-oxidants in critical illness are limited. The choice of anti-oxidants dosage and appropriate target populations must be better defined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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21. [Ocular manifestations of measles in adults: About three cases]
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E, Issam Eddine, S, Sana, F, Achraf, A, Chiraz, and Z, Walid
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Adult ,Keratitis ,Male ,Blepharitis ,Age Factors ,Eye Infections, Viral ,Middle Aged ,Conjunctivitis ,Antiviral Agents ,Lubricant Eye Drops ,Humans ,Female ,Ophthalmic Solutions ,Vitamin A ,Measles - Abstract
Measles is a contagious viral infection that usually affects children. The disease is caused by morbillivirus, a virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. The clinical picture is characterized by four phases: incubation, invasion, eruption and desquamation. Ophthalmologic manifestations in measles are rare, dominated by conjunctivitis and keratitis. Corneal involvement is the main concern; it varies from simple superficial punctate keratitis to corneal perforation. We report three cases of acute keratitis in young adults during an epidemic. The epithelial involvement was peripheral, central or diffuse. The outcome was favorable under symptomatic topical treatment.
- Published
- 2019
22. Impacts métaboliques et thérapeutiques de la vitamine A, sous forme d’acide rétinoïque, dans l’obésité, la résistance à l’insuline et le diabète de type 2 chez la souris ob/ob = Metabolic and Therapeutic Impacts of Vitamin A as Retinoic Acid on Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes in ob/ob Mice
- Author
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Manolescu, Daniel-Constantin, Chiasson, Jean-Louis, and Mader, Sylvie
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Acide rétinoïque ,Vitamine A ,Apoptose ,Retinol Binding Protein RBP4 ,Diabetes ,Diabète ,Fibrose ,Insulin resistance ,Apoptosis ,Autophagie ,Energy metabolism ,Gras beige ,Natriuretic peptides ANP / BNP ,Adipocytes ,Métabolisme énergétique ,Retinoic acid ,Autophagy ,Brown / Beige fat ,Fibrosis prevention ,Vitamin A ,Résistance à l’insuline ,Peptides natriurétiques - Abstract
Résumé Introduction : L’obésité et le diabète de type 2 (T2DM) sont associés à des perturbations des métabolismes énergétiques, de l’insuline et de la vitamine A (ROL-rétinol ; RE-rétinyl esters; AR-acide rétinoïque) ainsi qu’aux maladies cardiovasculaires. La RBP4 (« retinol binding protein ») hépatique est le transporteur équimolaire du ROL dans le sérum. Elle est également sécrétée comme adipokine. La RBP4 sérique est augmentée dans l’obésité, la résistance à l’insuline (RI) et le T2DM, mais il n’avait pas été établi si le transport de ROL dans le sang était subséquemment augmenté dans ces maladies. Réduire la RBP4 sérique diminue la RI. Le défi est d’éviter une hypovitaminose A, par perte de ROL circulant, associée à la réduction artificielle de son transporteur sanguin, la RBP4. Notre laboratoire avait démontré qu’un traitement à l’AR diminuait le taux sanguin de ROL chez des rats normaux. Les risques d’hypovitaminose A étaient exclus car l’AR est le métabolite actif principal de la vitamine A. Il avait été suggéré que l’AR influence le poids, la RI et le cœur chez divers rongeurs obèses et RI, avec des résultats variables. Il n’existe pas encore de protocole standardisé de traitement à l’AR pour la RI et le T2DM. Les mécanismes sont à l’étude pour l’optimisation des doses, de la durée et des voies d’administration de l’AR. Les variations du ROL et de la RBP4 sériques et tissulaires n’avaient pas été évaluées, dans ces contextes. Il était pertinent de vérifier ces concentrations de ROL et de RBP4 dans un modèle murin obèse et diabétique certifié, peu ou pas étudié pour ces aspects, ainsi que l’effet d’un traitement à petite dose d’AR sur leurs variations en association avec la RI, le T2DM et les possibles améliorations post-traitement. Hypothèse : Les concentrations sériques du ROL et de la RBP4 sont élevées chez la souris ob/ob, un modèle animal sévèrement obèse et diabétique. Elles s’accompagnent de concentrations tissulaires élevées de ROL et réduites de RBP4. Un traitement à court terme avec une petite dose d’AR diminuera le ROL circulant et subséquemment la RBP4 sérique, normalisera leurs taux tissulaires et diminuera la masse adipeuse et le poids corporel. Tous ces effets contribueront à la diminution de la RI, de l’intolérance au glucose et à l’insuline, et de la glycémie. Ces améliorations du métabolisme des rétinoïdes et de l’état diabétique seront associées à des profils tissulaires spécifiques d’expression de gènes du métabolisme de la vitamine A, et à des indices génomiques, histologiques et physiologiques d’amélioration du métabolisme énergétique. Un effet cardioprotecteur direct de l’AR est envisageable également. Objectifs : Évaluer chez les souris ob/ob l’impact d’un traitement à l’AR sur : A) les taux sériques et tissulaires de vitamine A et de RBP4, la glycémie, la RI, l’intolérance au glucose et à l’insuline, le poids corporel et la taille des adipocytes; B) l’expression des gènes (mRNA) du métabolisme de la vitamine A dans le gras sous-cutané (SF), le gras viscéral (VF), les muscles (SM) et le foie (LIV); l’expression des gènes PGC1α et UCP1 impliqués dans le métabolisme énergétique du gras beige/brun (BAT); l’expression des gènes du système protecteur des peptides natriurétiques (NP) et de ceux associés à l’apoptose et à la fibrose des cardiomyocytes; C) la morphologie de tissus adipeux SF et VF et musculaire cardiaque (HT). Méthodes : Seize souris B6.V-Lep/J ob/ob provenant de Jackson Labs USA et certifiées - avec des cages métaboliques et protocoles moteurs – comme étant hypométaboliques, léthargiques, sous-fertiles, hyperphagiques, obèses, RI, intolérantes au glucose et sévèrement hyperglycémiques (≥ 20 mmol/L), âgées de 9 semaines, ont été divisées en deux groupes égaux. Pendant 16 jours, la moitié des souris (n=8) furent traitées par intubage gastrique avec 100 μg at-RA/jour (2 μg/g poids corporel/jour) dans 100 μl d’huile de maïs (véhicule), et l’autre moitié (n=8) seulement avec le véhicule, servant ainsi de témoins diabétiques. Des souris de poids normal et en santé (n=5-9) ont servi de témoins sains. Toutes les souris ont reçu la diète standard internationale No.2018 pour les rongeurs de Harlan Teklad-USA, avec une valeur énergétique de 13.7 kJ/g, et un accès à l’eau ad libitum. Le poids corporel et la consommation alimentaire furent mesurés et documentés quotidiennement, avec une balance de précision. Les glycémies à jeun (4h) furent mesurées les jours 9 et 16. Les tests de tolérance au glucose (IPGTT) et à l’insuline (IPITT) furent faits par injection intrapéritonéale, les jours 15 et 16. La concentration de la RBP4 dans le sang et dans les gras SF et VF, les SM et le LIV, ainsi que celle des protéines du système NP dans le HT, ont été mesurées par immuno-buvardage (WB). Les taux de vitamine A circulante et tissulaires ont été quantifiés par chromatographie HPLC. Dans ces tissus, l’extraction de l’ARN a été faite par la méthode TRIZOL, et l’expression génique a été évaluée par RTqPCR semi-quantitative. La morphologie tissulaire fut évaluée par colorations et par histologies. Les réflexes moteurs ont été évalués avec des stimuli du protocole standard SHIRPA et un minimum de deux observations directes quotidiennes. Résultats : Le présent traitement à l’AR fut associé à : 1) une baisse du poids corporel en conditions d’apports alimentaires et réflexes moteurs semblables aux souris non traitées; 2) une baisse des taux sériques de ROL et de RBP4, de la glycémie, de la RI et de l’intolérance au glucose et à l’insuline; 3) des changements tissu-spécifiques dans l’expression des gènes : a) du métabolisme de la vitamine A; b) du métabolisme énergétique, augmentant les UCP1 et PGC1α dans SF et VF); c) du système cardio-NP, normalisant les antiapoptotiques, antifibrotiques et les NP; 4) une normalisation des taux tissulaires de RBP4, de ROL et de RE ; 5) une réduction de la taille des adipocytes ; 6) une réduction de la fibrose et de l’apoptose des cardiomyocytes; 7) une présence accrue d’acides gras polyinsaturés (PUFA) dans les tissus adipeux traitées, documentée par cryoséparation de phases liquide et solide à -20ºC; 8) des histologies évoquant (sous toute réserve) l’angiogenèse et l’autophagie adipocytaires. Conclusion : Notre traitement à l’AR : 1) diminue le poids corporel, le ROL et la RBP4 sériques, la glycémie, la RI et l’intolérance au glucose et à l’insuline; 2) réduit l’expression (mRNA) de l’adipokine RBP4; 3) module l’expression des gènes du métabolisme de la vitamine A, améliorant son homéostasie; 4) normalise les taux tissulaires de RBP4 et de vitamine A; 5) augmente l’expression adipocytaire des UCP1 et PGC1α, gènes associés au BAT ; 6) améliore le métabolisme énergétique, réduisant la taille des adipocytes et la masse adipeuse; 7) induit un effet cardioprotecteur, antiapoptotique et antifibrotique; 8) est associé à une présence accrue d’acides gras PUFA dans les tissus adipeux de souris traitées à l’AR. Traditionnellement majoritaires dans les gras beiges/bruns, ces UFA suggèrent aussi que l’AR stimule la formation de BAT; 9) est associé à des structures évoquant l’angiogenèse et l’autophagie dans les tissus adipeux, ce qui suggère (sous réserve d’une vérification approfondie) une contribution à l’augmentation du métabolisme; 10) démontre que des améliorations de profils cardiométaboliques sont possibles en dehors des voies de signalisation strictement contrôlées par la leptine et/ou par les hormones sexuelles. Bien que bénéfiques pour le métabolisme énergétique, ces hormones sont diminuées chez les patients obèses, RI et diabétiques, avec l’âge et davantage après la ménopause. Ainsi, l’AR suggère des effets antidiabétiques conjugués, lorsque ces hormones restent partiellement fonctionnelles !, Introduction: Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are associated with the impaired metabolism of insulin, energy and vitamin A (ROL-retinol; RE-retinyl esters; RA-retinoic acid) and with cardiovascular diseases. Hepatic retinol binding protein (RBP4) is released into the serum at an equimolar ratio to ROL, and is also secreted as an adipokine. Serum RBP4 is elevated in obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM. However, limited information is available on the rate of vitamin A metabolism in diseases such as diabetes or as to whether vitamin A (ROL) transport is enhanced by the elevation of RBP4 in the serum. Reducing the serum RBP4 level decreases IR; however, it is challenging to avoid depletion in circulating ROL following an artificial reduction in RBP4. Our laboratory has demonstrated that RA treatment reduces serum ROL in normal rats, with no vitamin A depletion effects (given that RA is the most bioactive metabolite of ROL). Others have suggested that RA may have variable impacts on body weight, IR and the heart in some obese and diabetic rodents. A standardized RA treatment protocol for IR and T2DM does not yet exist, as the mechanisms, optimal doses, duration and routes of administration are still under investigation. Furthermore, the serum and tissue ROL and RBP4 concentrations were not investigated under these conditions. It is of high interest to investigate these ROL and RBP4 concentrations in a certified, yet relatively unstudied for retinoid, obese and diabetic mouse model and to determine whether and how treatment with a small dose of RA influences their metabolic rates associated with IR, T2DM and eventual post-treatment improvements in these animals. Hypothesis: Serum concentrations of ROL and RBP4 are elevated in the ob/ob mouse, a certified severely obese and diabetic animal model. The high serum levels of ROL and RBP4 are accompanied by high tissue concentrations of ROL and reduced tissue levels of RBP4. Short-term treatment with a low dose of RA will reduce serum ROL and RBP4, will normalize tissue ROL and RBP4 levels, and will decrease body fat and weight. All of these effects will contribute to lowering IR, glucose and insulin intolerance and blood glucose. These improvements in retinoid metabolism and the diabetic state will be associated with tissue-specific expression profiles for genes involved in vitamin A metabolism, and with genomic, histological and physiological indices of improved energy metabolism. A direct cardioprotective effect of RA may also be observed. Aims: To evaluate the impact of our RA treatment in ob/ob mice on: A) serum and tissue levels of vitamin A and RBP4, blood glucose, IR, glucose and insulin intolerance, body weight and fat cell size; B) the expression (mRNA) of genes involved in vitamin A metabolism in subcutaneous fat (SF), visceral fat (VF), muscle (SM) and liver (LIV); the expression of the PGC1α and UCP1 genes, which are involved in the energy metabolism of beige/brown adipose tissue (BAT); the expression of natriuretic peptide (NP) cardioprotective system genes and of those associated with the apoptosis and fibrosis of cardiomyocytes; and C) the morphology of SF and VF adipose tissue and of the cardiac muscle (HT). Methods: Sixteen 9-week-old B6.V-Lep/J ob/ob mice were certified by Jackson Labs USA through the use of metabolic cages and motor protocols, to be hypometabolic, lethargic, subfertile, hyperphagic, obese, IR, glucose intolerant and severely hyperglycemic (≥ 20 mmol / L). These mice were divided into two equal groups. For 16 days, half of the mice (n=8) were treated daily by stomach intubation with 100 μg at-RA/day (2 μg/g body weight/day) in 100 μl of corn oil (vehicle), and the other half (n=8) were treated with only the vehicle, thus serving as diabetic controls. Normal and healthy-weight mice (n=5-9) were used as healthy controls. All mice received the international No.2018 standard rodent diet from Harlan Teklad-USA, which has an energy content of 13.7 kJ/g, and access to water ad libitum. Body weight and food consumption were monitored daily using a precision scale. Glycaemia was measured after 4 hours of fasting on days 9 and 16. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTTs) and insulin tolerance tests (IPITTs) were performed on days 15 and 16. The protein concentrations of RBP4 in the blood and in the SF and VF, SM and LIV, as well as protein in the cardiac NP system, were measured by Western blot (WB). Circulating and tissue vitamin A levels were quantified by HPLC. The RNA was extracted from tissue by the TRIZOL method and gene expression (mRNA) was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-qPCR. Tissue morphologies were evaluated by staining and histology. Motor reflexes were evaluated daily with valid SHIRPA standard protocol stimuli and a minimum of two daily direct observations. Results: Our RA treatment was associated with: 1) a decrease in body weight under similar food intake conditions and decreased motor-reflexes compared with untreated mice; 2) a decrease in serum levels of ROL and RBP4, blood glucose, and IR, as well as of glucose and insulin intolerance; 3) tissue-specific expression profiles for genes involved in: a) vitamin A metabolism, b) energy metabolism (increased UCP1 and PGC1α in SF and VF), c) the cardio-NP system (normalized anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic and NP); 4) a normalization of the RBP4, ROL and RE levels in tissues; 5) a reduction in adipocyte size; 6) reduced fibrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes;7) increased poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the adipose tissue of RA treated mice, documented by cryoseparation of liquid and solid phases at -20ºC; and 8) histology potentially suggesting adipocyte angiogenesis and autophagy. Conclusion: Our RA treatment: 1) decreases serum ROL and RBP4 levels, glycaemia and IR; 2) reduces the expression (mRNA) of the RBP4 adipokine; 3) modulates the expression of genes involved in vitamin A metabolism, improving its homeostasis; 4) normalizes tissue RBP4 and vitamin A levels; 5) increases PGC1α and UCP1 gene expression, a signature of brown/beige fat; 6) improves energy metabolism, reducing adipocyte size, fat mass and body weight; 7) induces cardioprotective, anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic effects; 8) is associated with increased PUFAs presence in the adipose tissue of RA-treated mice, suggesting that RA may stimulate BAT genesis due to typical dominance of PUFAs in beige/brown fat; 9) is associated with histologic structures indicating angiogenesis and autophagy in fat tissues, suggesting (pending further investigation) a contribution to improved metabolism in these tissues; 10) clearly demonstrates that in obesity and diabetes, cardio-metabolic improvements are possible out of the signaling pathways strictly controlled by leptin and sexual hormones, known to be beneficial for the energetic metabolism but decreased in men and women with obesity, insulin-resistance, diabetes, and with age (ex: strongly after menopause). An RA treatment conjugated effect is possible when these hormones are partially functional!, Notes d'excellence du projet de recherche de cette thèse et du candidat : A) Institut de Recherche en Santé Canada / Canadian Health Research Institut (IRSC/CIHR) : 1- Médaille d'argent nationale en recherche scientifique médicale IRSC/CHRSF (First 2%). 2- Deux bourses de mérite ( PhD Banting & Best 2014-First 3% Rank et Formation PhD 2013 - Première place) B) Fonds de Recherche Québec Santé (FRQS): Bourse de mérite PhD FRQS 2012, 2013 - Première place dans son comité d'expertise. C) Université de Montréal, FESP, Centres de Recherche CRCHUM et CMDO Québec, Canada : 1-Séléction « Meilleurs 9 étudiants PhD du Québec en Obésité, Diabète et Cardio-métabolique 2015 » FRQS/CMDO, 2-Trois bourses de mérite PhD CRCHUM ( Première place / 45 cdt. 2011, Deuxième place / 33 cdt. 2012, Deuxième place / 13 cdt. 2015 ), 3- Bourse de mérite PhD « J.A.de Sève 2012 » FESP, Université de Montréal D) One of the only three projects, in Canada, on retinoid implications in obese and insulin resistant type 2 diabetes.-( to our up-to-date-knowledge) E) Gouvernement du Canada - Médaille du Jubilée de Diamant HRM GDR Queen Elizabeth II, 2013 F) Great Britain : « Project with high importance and great potential for new pharmaceutical therapy of diabetes » - Lead Discovery Magazine 2011
- Published
- 2019
23. Métabolisme des rétinoïdes et facteurs d’influence dans l’obésité, la résistance à l’insuline et le diabète de type 2 : études chez l’animal et chez l’homme
- Author
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Sima, Aurelia, Chiasson, Jean Louis, and Mader, Sylvie
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obésité ,obesity ,diabetes ,RBP4 ,insulin resistance ,tissu adipeux ,vitamine A ,TTR ,résistance à l’insuline ,vitamin A ,diabète ,adipose tissue - Abstract
Introduction: La vitamine A et ses métabolites actifs (acide rétinoïque tout-trans et 9-cis), qui activent les récepteurs nucléaires (RARs et RXRs), sont essentiels pour la différentiation cellulaire, l’embryogénèse, la fonction immunitaire, la croissance et la prévention de maladies tel que le cancer et le diabète. La différentiation des adipocytes est largement dépendante des rétinoïdes. La RBP4, transporteur sérique du rétinol (ROL), est aussi une adipokine inversement corrélée à la sensibilité à l’insuline. L’obésité et le diabète de type 2 (T2DM) sont des conditions métaboliques ayant pris des proportions alarmantes à travers le monde. Plusieurs études se font dans ces domaines, mais il reste beaucoup à faire. Le syndrome métabolique et le T2DM corrèlent avec une plus grande proportion de gras viscéral versus gras sous-cutané et perturbent l’homéostasie des rétinoïdes. Les rétinoïdes et les molécules connexes (RBP4, TTR), de par leurs implications dans les processus métaboliques, peuvent constituer des cibles de choix dans l’étude et le traitement de ces troubles métaboliques. Hypothèses: Dans ce contexte, nous postulons que le métabolisme des rétinoïdes diffère entre les gras sous-cutané et viscéral à un stade précoce, et que les niveaux de ROL, de RBP4 et de TTR corrèlent avec les composants déclarés de l’obésité, résistance à l’insuline (RI) et T2DM et peuvent servir comme indicateurs physiologiques précoces de l’obésité, la RI et du T2DM. Objectifs: L’objectif général de cette étude est de caractériser l’homéostasie des rétinoïdes dans différents types de gras et d’établir les relations qui existent entre les rétinoïdes et les molécules connexes avec l’obésité, la RI et le T2DM dans une étude fondamentale et une clinique. Tout d’abord nous avons eu comme objectifs spécifiques: (1.1). La caractérisation des enzymes RALDHs 1-4 impliquées dans la formation d’AR dans les tissus adipeux viscéral et sous-cutané de souris C57BL/6; (1.2) L’identification et la mesure des isomères de la vitamine A dans les tissus adipeux viscéral et sous-cutané de souris C57BL/6; (1.3) La comparaison de l’expression des gènes du métabolisme des rétinoïdes dans le gras souscutané versus le gras viscéral. Nous avons poursuivi en : (2.1) Évaluant le ROL circulant, le taux de RBP4, le ratio ROL/RBP4 et d’autres molécules reliés aux rétinoïdes et nous avons évalué leur potentiel en tant que marqueurs physiologiques prédictifs de la RI dans une étude clinique et (2.2) par l’évaluation des corrélations existantes entre ces changements physiologiques et les facteurs traditionnels de la RI et du T2DM. Méthodologie : Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons utilisé ces approches expérimentaux : 1. L’identification et la mesure de l’activité des RALDHs par des essais enzymatiques; 2. Mesure des isomères du ROL par HPLC; 3. Comparaison de l’expression des gènes du métabolisme de rétinoïdes par RT-q-PCR; 4. Étude clinique chez l’humain sur 4 groupes de sujets: groupe A, témoins minces et en santé; groupe B et C, diabétiques obèses avec diabète mal- et bien-contrôlé; groupe D, obèses non-diabétiques. Chez ces sujets, nous avons pris des mesures anthropométriques et biochimiques: IMC, tour de taille (TT), FSC, profil lipidique, biochimie générale, ACR, TSH, HbA1c, glycémies à jeun, insulinémie, TTR, vitamine E et D, ROL sérique par HPLC, RBP4 sérique par WB/ImageQuant; 5. Évaluation du potentiel du RBP4, ROL, et ratios ROL/RBP4 comme marqueurs physiologiques précoces dans la clinique de la RI et T2DM (corrélations avec marqueurs T2DM traditionnels) Conclusions: Notre étude montre une relation directe entre le type de gras et l’homéostasie des rétinoïdes et des corrélations entre le niveau de RBP4 et l’obésité, la RI, et le T2DM, ainsi qu’une corrélation entre le ROL et l’intolérance au glucose et le T2DM. On observe chez la souris mince et en santé des niveaux plus grands d’ARNm de l’adipokine RBP4 dans le gras viscéral par rapport au gras sous-cutané, ce qui suggère une contribution précoce du gras viscéral à la future résistance à l’insuline qui s’installe avec l’obésité. Globalement on peut conclure que la RBP4 est impliquée dans le développement de la RI et le diabète et que son niveau circulant influence et est influencé par la RI, tandis que le ROL augmente seulement dans des conditions de décompensation pancréatique et d’intolérance au glucose. Une RBP4 sérique élevée contribue à la diminution du HDL cholestérol et pourrait également refléter une dysfonction rénale précoce. On peut proposer ces molécules, impliquées dans le métabolisme des rétinoïdes, comme marqueurs biologiques précoces de la résistance à l’insuline et du diabète chez les sujets obèses. Nos résultats apportent une lumière nouvelle dans l’étude de l’obésité et le T2DM de par son approche novatrice qui implique les rétinoïdes. Plusieurs études, sur de plus larges cohortes, sont nécessaires pour déterminer le rôle précis de la RBP4 et du ROL dans l’obésité et le T2DM, ainsi que pour explorer des voies thérapeutiques ciblées., Introduction: Vitamin A and its active metabolites (all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid), which activate nuclear receptors (RARs and RXRs), are essential for cell differentiation, embryogenesis, growth and disease prevention such as cancer and diabetes. Differentiation of adipocytes is largely dependent on retinoid. Serum retinol (ROL) transporter, the RBP4, is also an adipokine inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity. Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are diseases that have reached epidemic proportion worldwide. Many studies have tried to find a solution, but a clear cut treatment still strives to be found. Metabolic syndrome and T2DM are correlated with a higher proportion of visceral versus subcutaneous fat and disrupt retinoid homeostasis. The link between visceral fat, insulin resistance (IRe) and T2DM has been clearly established. Retinoid and related molecules (RBP4, TTR), may serve as metabolic targets in the study and treatment of these disorders. There is much to be done in this area, the links between these molecules and these pathologies being emergent. Hypothesis: In this context, we postulate that retinoid metabolism differs between subcutaneous and visceral fat and the levels of circulating ROL, RBP4, and TTR correlates with clinical descriptors of obesity, IRe and T2DM, as early physiological indicators of these conditions. Goals: The global goal of this study is to investigate retinoid homeostasis in visceral and subcutaneous fat and to establish the relationships between retinoid and related molecules with obesity, IRe and T2DM in a fundamental and in a clinical study. Our specific goals are: (1.1). The characterization of RALDHs 1-4 enzymes involved in RA formation in visceral and subcutaneous fat of C57BL/6 mice; (1.2) The identification and quantification of ROL isomers in visceral and subcutaneous fat of C57BL/6 mice; (1.3) A parallel in the expression levels (mRNA) for retinoid metabolism genes, in subcutaneous and visceral fat. Second step: (2.1) A clinical study, to evaluate serum ROL, RBP4, ROL/RBP4 and other retinoid-related molecules regarding their potential as physiological markers predicting IRe and (2.2) to assess the eventual correlations between these markers and clinical descriptors of IRe and T2DM. Methodology: Experimental approaches used to reach these goals are: 1. Identification and measurement of RALDH activity by enzymatic assays; 2. Measurement of ROL isomers by HPLC; 3. Evaluation of retinoid metabolism gene expressions by RT-q-PCR; 4. Clinical pilot study in humans using four groups of subjects: group A, normal weight and healthy controls; group B, obese diabetics with poorly-controlled diabetes; group C, well-controlled obese diabetics; and group D, non-diabetic obese. In this study we did anthropometric and biochemical measurements: BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, blood complete formula, lipids profile, general biochemistry, albumin-creatinine ratio, TSH, HbA1c, fasting glucose, insulinemia, TTR, vitamins E and D, serum ROL by HPLC, serum RBP4 by Western Blot/ImageQuant; 5.Evaluation of RBP4, ROL and ratio correlations with traditional IRe and T2DM markers. Conclusions: Our study shows a direct relationship of fat topography with retinoid homeostasis and correlations between RBP4 level and obesity, IRe, and T2DM, as well as between ROL, glucose intolerance and T2DM. In healthy and normal weight mice, higher levels of adipokine RBP4 (mRNA) are present in visceral versus subcutaneous fat, suggesting an early contribution of the visceral fat to future insulin resistance, which sets up with obesity. Overall it can be concluded that RBP4 is involved in the development of IRe and diabetes and that its circulating level influences and is influenced by IRe, whereas ROL only increases under conditions of pancreatic failure with glucose intolerance. High serum RBP4 contributes to decrease of HDL cholesterol and may also reflect early renal dysfunction. These molecules (RBP4 and ROL), originating from retinoid metabolism, can be proposed as early biological markers of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance respectively. Our findings highlight the retinoid innovative role in the study of obesity and T2DM. Several studies across larger cohorts are needed to determine the precise role of RBP4 and ROL in obesity, IRe and T2DM, as well as to explore targeted therapeutic pathways.
- Published
- 2018
24. [Rétinol frosted angiitis].
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Chapelier D, Thys J, and Bruninx R
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- Bevacizumab, Fluorescein Angiography, Humans, Vitamin A, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Retinal Vasculitis diagnosis, Retinal Vasculitis drug therapy
- Abstract
Frosted angiitis is a rare form of retinal vasculitis in which venous development gives it an appearance of perivascular frost. It is most often of idiopathic origin but can also be found in the context of infectious (most often viral) or inflammatory pathologies (lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis). As with most vasculitis, frosty angiitis can be complicated by occlusion of the central retinal vein. Close monitoring is necessary as well as rapid treatment based on high-dose systemic corticosteroid therapy as well as intraocular injections of anti-VEGF compounds if necessary.
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- 2021
25. Measles vaccines: WHO position paper – April 2017
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Consensus ,Immunization Programs ,Measles virus ,Child, Preschool ,Measles Vaccine ,Humans ,Infant ,Vitamins ,Disease Eradication ,Vitamin A ,World Health Organization ,Measles - Published
- 2017
26. Étude de la voie des rétinoïdes au sein des membranes fœtales humaines : mise en évidence de gènes cibles
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Blanchon, L., Marceau, G., Borel, V., Prat, C., Herbet, A., Bouvier, D., Gallot, D., and Sapin, V.
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- *
RETINOIDS , *VITAMIN A , *MORPHOGENESIS , *FETAL membranes , *METABOLISM , *TRETINOIN , *HOMEOSTASIS , *BIOINFORMATICS - Abstract
Abstract: Retinoids (active derivatives of vitamin A) were already demonstrated to be important morphogenes and their implication at the placental and fetal level was already established. A new field of research is now developed in order to show their role on fetal membranes constituted by amnion and chorion. To describe the role of retinoids on these membranes, our studies were focused on target gene research. Firstly, all metabolism enzymes needed to vitamin A pathways were demonstrated to be present and active in signal transduction. Secondly, a bioinformatic analysis was performed to assess a list of potential target genes that could be classified in different biological pathways (inflammation, retinoids, hormones, vascularization, extracellular matrix and water homeostasis). Then, it was demonstrated that the gene coding for PLAT, implied in the degradation of extracellular matrix during programmed or premature rupture of membranes, is regulated by retinoids in a two steps mechanism. Finally, preliminary data showed that some aquaporins, which control water transport across membranes, are expressed and regulated by retinoids in the fetal membranes. A disregulation in pathologies like oligo or poly-hydramnios can be anticipated. Improvement of our knowledge about the retinoid implications is a key point in order to obtain a precise and complete documented cartography of the vitamin A (regulating) in amniotic membranes (regulated) that will permit the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Possible role of vitamin A and E deficiency in human idiopathic lithiasis
- Author
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Sakly, R., Fekih, M., Ben Amor, A., Najjar, M.F., and Mbazaa, M.
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- *
VITAMIN A , *VITAMIN E , *KIDNEY stones , *VITAMIN A deficiency , *MEN - Abstract
The purpose of our study is to compare the status of vitamin A and E enters a group of male patients aged 30–40 years and having idiopathic lithiasis in the other whose origin of the lithiasis is awarded to a hypercalciuria and/or hypercalciuria and/or hyperoxaluria. Reference values were established from a normal subjects aged 30–40 years and having no history of nephrolithiasis. Our results showed that the mean levels of vitamin A was significantly lower in idiopathic renal stone-formers than metabolic stone-formers (p < 0.001). Compared to control group, the status of vitamin A was found lower only in idiopathic renal stone patients (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the mean levels of vitamin E were found similar in the two patient groups, but significantly lower compared to control group. These results suggested that idiopathic renal stone genesis could be generated by vitamin A deficiency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. A double blind comparative study of effect of single high dose versus daily low dose of vitamin A on prolonged diarrhea in Senegal
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Sylla, A., Donnen, P., N'diaye, O., Diouf', S., Fall, L., Diouf, C.S., Gueye, M., Sall, M.G., and Kuakuvi, N.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. [Guidelines for multivitamin administration in fortified human milk prepared for preterm infants]
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V, Rigourd, I, Dridi Brahim, S, Smii, H, Razafimahefa, F, Quetin, E, Leroy, C, Pichon, A, Giuseppi, L, Berthier, B, Pommeret, and R, Serreau
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Milk, Human ,Food, Fortified ,Osmolar Concentration ,Humans ,Vitamin E ,Ascorbic Acid ,Dietary Proteins ,Guideline Adherence ,Infant, Premature, Diseases ,Vitamins ,Vitamin D ,Vitamin A - Abstract
To reach nutritional standards, human milk has to have 2g/dL of protein. In 2013, Lafeber stated that when human milk is fortified up to 2g/dL, it may increase its osmolality up to 500 mOsm/kg. He also warned that care must be taken when adding a drug or vitamins to human milk.We studied, for the first time, the impact of adding multivitamins (ADEC) on human fortified milk osmolality.The osmolality of 36 pasteurized, fortified human milk samples was measured. The amount of milk required as a solvent to maintain osmolality below 500 mOsm/kg was then determined.The osmolality of 2mL of fortified human milk reached up to 750 mOsm/kg when the multivitamins ADEC was added. The osmolality decreased proportionately as the solution was diluted and if vitamins are added in two half-doses each time. It is only with 20mL of milk that the osmolality lowers to its initial rate of 430 mOsm/kg. The stronger the milk's fortification is, the greater impact it has on the milk's osmolality.New nutritional recommendations for premature infants are needed. In the meantime, when the fortified milk intake is under 20mL, it is preferable to extend parenteral intakes with fat-soluble vitamins or reduce doses of vitamins in milk. Also, we should use enriched human milk as a fortifier and be cautious with indiscriminate fortification or when adding drugs and electrolyte solutions.
- Published
- 2016
30. Une combinaison de polymorphismes mononucléotidiques est associée à la variabilité interindividuelle de la biodisponibilité du β-carotène chez des hommes sains
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Charles Desmarchelier, Marion Nowicki, Romain Bott, Patrick Borel, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Nutrition, obésité et risque thrombotique (NORT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Société Française de Nutrition (SFN). FRA. Société Francophone Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme (SFNEP), FRA.
- Subjects
polymorphisme nucléotidique simple (SNP) ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,nutragenetics ,chylomicron ,vitamin a ,genêtic variation ,polymorphisme génétique ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,diversité génétique ,genetic polymorphism ,vitamine a ,absorption ,nutrigénétique ,métabolisme postprandial - Abstract
Introduction et but de l’étude: La carence en vitamine A (VA) constitue un problème majeur de santé publique, essentiellement dans les pays en développement où elle cause le décès de plus de 600 000 enfants âgés de 1 à 5 ans chaque année. Plus de 80% des enfants entre 1 et 5 ans reçoivent des suppléments de VA préformée (rétinyl acétate) mais l’efficacité de cette stratégie est à présent remise en question. La consommation de plantes locales riches en caroténoïdes provitaminiques (α-, β-carotène et β-cryptoxanthine essentiellement), qui permet de fournir des apports réguliers en VA à des doses physiologiques, constitue une stratégie alternative. Or la biodisponibilité et la conversion en VA des caroténoïdes provitaminiques sont faibles et très variables et l’effet de cette variabilité sur le statut à long terme en β-carotène (βC), et donc en VA, n’est pas connu. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient donc d’identifier des polymorphismes mononucléotidiques (SNPs) impliqués dans la variabilité interindividuelle de la biodisponibilité du βC et de calculer si des populations avec des fréquences alléliques différentes à ces SNPs pourraient avoir des capacités d’absorption du βC différentes.Matériel et méthodes: Trente trois hommes adultes en bonne santé ont été génotypés à l’aide de puces à ADN génome entier. Ils ont consommé un repas contenant 100 g de purée de tomate qui comprenait 0,4 mg de βC. La concentration plasmatique en βC dans les chylomicrons a été mesurée à intervalles de temps réguliers jusqu’à 8h après le repas. L’association entre des SNPs dans des gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme du βC et des lipides (54 gènes candidats représentant 2172 SNPs) et la réponse postprandiale en βC dans les chylomicrons a été analysée par régression des moindres carrés partiels (PLS regression), une approche statistique multivariée.Résultats et Analyse statistique: La réponse postprandiale en βC dans les chylomicrons présentait une forte variabilité (CV=105%). Cette réponse était positivement corrélée à la concentration plasmatique à jeun en βC (r=0,78; p
- Published
- 2015
31. Utilisation et fonctionnalisation de protéines pour la conception de nouvelles microsphères permettant la protection et le relargage contrôlé de vitamine A
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Joguet, Nicolas, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle, and Thierry Maugard
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Polyphenol ,Polyphénol ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Geraniol ,Atomisation ,Muco-adhesive potential ,Vitamine A ,Protein ,Emulsion ,MEB ,Fonctionnalisation ,Spray Drying ,Protéine ,Relargage ,Mucoadhésion ,Maillard reaction ,Géraniol ,Release ,SEM ,Réaction de Maillard ,Functionalization ,Microencapsulation ,Vitamin A - Abstract
The main objective of this thesis was to study the influence of functionalization of proteins by sugars or grape polyphenols in the vitamin A microsphere formulation and behavior. The formulation of different conjugated stemming either from the Maillard reaction or from the complexation of polyphenols on proteins was made on three proteins : pea proteins, sodium caseinate and type A gelatin. In a first part, the characteristics and the emulsifying power of the combined were studied, and confirmed the potential of stabilization of oil in the time. A second part was on the observations with scanning electron microscope of microspheres and on the methodology of specific observation in this kind of sample. The third part studied the influence of functionalization on vitamin A stability in the time, liberation on gastric or enteric digestion media, and liberation of co-encapsulated geraniol. The last study concerned the muco-adhesive potential of microspheres by using an original analysis.; Le principal objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’étudier l’influence de la fonctionnalisation des protéines par des sucres ou des polyphénols de raisin dans la formulation et le comportement de microsphères de vitamine A. La formulation de différents conjugués issus soit de la réaction de Maillard soit de la complexation des polyphénols sur les protéines a été effectué sur trois matières premières protéiques : les protéines de pois, le caséinate de sodium de lait de vache et la gélatine de type A porcine. Dans une première partie, les caractéristiques et le pouvoir émulsifiant des conjugués ont été étudiés, et ont confirmé le potentiel de stabilisation d’une huile dans le temps. Une seconde partie s’est concentrée sur les observations au microscope électronique à balayage des microsphères et sur une méthodologie d’observation spécifique à ce genre d’échantillon. Une troisième partie a étudié l’influence des fonctionnalisations sur la stabilité de la vitamine A dans le temps, sur sa libération dans des milieux de digestion gastriques et entériques simulés, et sur la libération de géraniol co-encapsulé. La dernière étude a porté sur le potentiel muco-adhésif des microsphères en utilisant une technique d’analyse originale.
- Published
- 2014
32. Impact of beastmilk vitamin A on oral tolerance induction in neonates and allergic diseases prevention
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Turfkruyer , Mathilde, Laboratoire Tolérance Immunitaire ( TIM ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Valérie Verhasselt, Laboratoire Tolérance Immunitaire (TIM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Allergy ,Vitamine A ,Cellule dendritique ,Oral tolerance ,Nouveau-né ,Tolérance orale ,Allergie ,Neonate ,[ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Vitamin A ,[ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Dendritic cell - Abstract
Increased prevalence of allergies in early life suggests a deficiency of immune regulation during this period. Oral tolerance is a key immuno-regulatory mechanism in the gut for immune homeostasis. The principal objective of my thesis was to determine in a murine model the mechanisms at the origin of oral tolerance in early life to better prevent allergy development. We found that induction of oral tolerance in early life is effective only from the 3rd week of life. The defect of oral tolerance observed during the first 2 weeks of life is the consequence of a defect in antigen capture and RALDH expression (enzyme which converts retinol in retinoic acid) by mesenteric CD103+ dendritic cells. Serum levels of retinol in neonatal period are very low, and an enrichment of the maternal milk with vitamin A allows to correct this neonatal deficiency as well as the defect of antigen presentation by the CD103+ dendritic cells. This enrichment also allows allergy prevention from the first days of life. To our surprise, while in adult mice, oral tolerance depends on the generation of regulatory T lymphocytes, oral tolerance observed in the 3 week-old mice and in the newborn which received vitamin A, depends on the generation of Th1 lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that vitamin A levels in early life are directly correlated with Th1 differentiation induced by oral administration of allergen, necessary for allergy prevention. This knowledge should now be taken into account for the implementation of allergy prevention strategies, more specific and better adapted to the neonatal period, such as a supplementation with vitamin A.; La constante augmentation des allergies en début de vie suggère une déficience de régulation immunitaire au cours de cette période. La tolérance orale est un mécanisme clé de régulation au niveau de l’intestin pour le maintien de l’homéostasie immunitaire. L’objectif de ma thèse a été de déterminer dans un modèle murin les mécanismes à l’origine de la tolérance orale en début de vie afin de mieux prévenir le développement d’allergies. L’induction de tolérance orale en début de vie n’est efficace qu’à partir de la 3ème semaine de vie. Le défaut de tolérance orale observé au cours des 2 premières semaines de vie est la conséquence d’un défaut de capture de l’antigène et d’expression de la RALDH (enzyme de conversion du rétinol en acide rétinoïque) par les cellules dendritiques CD103+ mésentériques, résultant en une ignorance de l’antigène. Les taux de rétinol sanguins en période néonatale sont très bas, et un enrichissement du lait maternel en vitamine A permet de corriger cette déficience néonatale ainsi que le défaut de présentation antigénique des cellules dendritiques CD103+. Cet enrichissement permet également de prévenir l’apparition de l’allergie dès les premiers jours de vie. De manière surprenante, alors que chez la souris adulte, la tolérance orale dépend de la génération de lymphocytes T régulateurs, la tolérance orale observée chez les souriceaux âgés de 3 semaines et chez les nouveau-nés ayant reçu de la vitamine A, dépend de la génération de lymphocytes Th1.
- Published
- 2014
33. Development of supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for natural compounds analysis
- Author
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Méjean, Marie, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, and Alain Brunelle
- Subjects
Spectrométrie de masse haute précision et haute résolution ,APPI ,Lipides à polarités variées ,Alimentary and biological matrices ,Supercritical fluid chromatography ,Approche lipidomique ,Lipidomic study ,Études qualitatives et quantitatives ,Linearity ,[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry ,ESI ,Repeatability ,Détection UV ,Vitamin A ,Vitamines A et vitamines E ,Matrices alimentaires et biologiques ,Qualitative and quantitative studies ,Vitamin E compounds ,High accuracy and resolution mass spectrometer ,Limites de détection ,APCI ,UV detection ,Chromatographie en phase supercritique ,Detection limits ,Lipids of various polarities ,Répétabilité ,Linéarité - Abstract
The aim of this PhD project was to couple supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with a high resolution mass spectrometer for apolar natural compounds analysis. Because mobile phase is principally constituted of CO2, SFC is called “green technic” contrary to normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC), which uses lot of organic solvents toxic for environment. The CO2 presents a low viscosity, in this way high diffusivity and flow rate, and lower analysis times are obtained. Our work was focused on apolar molecules: the lipids. The aim was to quantify molecules in alimentary and biological matrices and to a lipidomic approach to study Parkinson disease. The first part was to develop the system SFC with a UV detection on a system on loan by Agilent Technologies. This first study was carried out on 6 vitamin A compounds. An optimization of chromatographic parameters has been realized in order to obtain a good separation of the compounds. Then, linearity, repeatability, detection and quantification limits have been determined in order to have a reliable and robust method. A second part concerned the coupling of SFC and a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Q-TOF), in order to improve specificity and sensitivity of analysis. Different ionization sources have been tested: ESI, APCI and APPI. Each ion source presents different ionization mode, which permits to analyze a wide range of polarities of compounds. We have chosen 8 vitamin E derivatives, which are apolar compounds for which SFC seems to be well suited. Separation compounds have been optimized in order to have a good chromatographic resolution and a short analysis time. This compounds ionization is realized with the 3 sources, varying ionization parameters and make-up solvent, to have an optimal sensitivity. The APPI source has been chosen after a performance evaluation method. This source presents a good repeatability, linearity and detection limit in the same order of magnitude than those found in the literature by HPLC-MS. Then we have quantified these compounds in alimentary and biological matrices: a soya oil and plasma rat. A third study has been started on lipid profiling with various polarities by SFC-MS. This technic is well suited because of the low polarity of this molecules and their lack of absorbance in the UV range. The integrity of lipids can be altered with damages caused by free radicals, and are potentially involved in neurodegenerative diseases. It is essential to develop analytical systems with a high sensitivity and resolution and the possibility to access to structural information. The ESI source permits to detect 12 lipids on the 20 sub-classes analyzed in positive ion mode and 8 lipids in negative mode. An application has been realized on human plasma. In the future, it will be interesting to analyze these lipids with the APPI source, which is good choice for structural analysis of lipids, with good sensitivity and repeatability. Studies with this SFC-MS system, presenting good sensitivity and repeatability, will be extended to lipid analysis in biological matrices and could be applied to new biomarkers study and for fast screening of a large number of samples; L’objectif de ce projet doctoral a été de coupler la chromatographie en phase supercritique (SFC) avec un spectromètre de masse haute résolution pour l’analyse de substances naturelles apolaires. La SFC est une technique dite « verte » contrairement à la chromatographie liquide en phase normale (NPLC), très consommatrice de solvants organiques toxiques pour l’environnement, puisque la phase mobile est principalement constituée de CO2. Le CO2 ayant une faible viscosité, cela implique une diffusivité, des débits élevés et des temps d’analyse courts. Notre attention a été focalisée sur des molécules apolaires : les lipides. Le but était de mettre au point des dosages dans des matrices alimentaires et biologiques et de débuter une approche lipidomique d’étude de la maladie de Parkinson. La première partie a été dédiée au développement du système SFC avec une détection UV, prêté par le constructeur Agilent Technologies. La première étude s’est portée sur 6 composés de la famille des vitamines A. Une phase d’optimisation a été réalisée afin d’obtenir une séparation satisfaisante des composés, en testant différents paramètres chromatographiques comme le type de phase stationnaire ou encore la composition de la phase mobile, afin d’obtenir une résolution optimale. Ensuite, des études de linéarité et de répétabilité ont été réalisées et des limites de détection et de quantification ont été déterminées afin d’obtenir une méthode fiable et robuste. Une deuxième partie a concerné la mise en place du couplage entre la SFC et un spectromètre de masse de type quadripôle-temps de vol (Q-TOF), afin d’améliorer la spécificité et la sensibilité des analyses. Différentes sources d’ionisation ont été utilisées : ESI, APCI et APPI. Chacune des sources présente des modes d’ionisation différents, qui permettent de pouvoir balayer une large gamme de polarité des analytes. Nous avons choisi 8 dérivés de la vitamine E, composés apolaires pour lesquels la SFC paraît être la technique d’analyse idéale. La séparation de ces composés a été optimisée de façon à obtenir une bonne résolution chromatographique et un temps d’analyse minimal. L’ionisation des composés est réalisée avec les 3 sources disponibles en faisant varier les paramètres de sources ou encore le solvant « make-up », de façon à obtenir une sensibilité optimale. La source APPI a été finalement choisie après une étude sur les performances de la méthode. Cette source présente une bonne répétabilité, linéarité et des limites de détection de l’ordre de celles retrouvées dans la littérature par HPLC-MS. Nous avons ensuite réalisé la quantification des ces composés dans 2 types de matrices alimentaire et biologique : l’huile de soja et le plasma de rat. Une troisième partie a été débutée sur le profilage de lipides à polarités variées par SFC-MS. Cette technique se révèle idéale de par la faible polarité de ces composés et leur absence d’absorbance dans le domaine UV. En effet, l’intégrité des lipides peut être altérée suite aux dommages causés par les radicaux libres, qui sont potentiellement impliqués dans de nombreuses maladies neurodégénératives. Il parait primordial de développer des outils analytiques présentant une haute sensibilité et résolution et la possibilité d’accéder aux informations structurales. La source d’ionisation ESI nous a permis de détecter 12 lipides sur les 20 sous-classes analysées en mode positif et 8 lipides en mode négatif. Une application a été réalisée sur un échantillon de plasma humain. Il serait intéressant à l’avenir d’effectuer cette étude en utilisant la source APPI, source propice à l’analyse structurale de lipides et présentant une bonne sensibilité et répétabilité. Ce couplage SFC-MS, présentant une bonne sensibilité et répétabilité, sera par la suite étendu à l’analyse de lipides dans diverses matrices biologiques et pourra à l’avenir être appliqué à l’étude de nouveaux biomarqueurs et au screening rapide d’un grand nombre d’échantillons
- Published
- 2014
34. Progress towards measles elimination – Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2008–2012
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Genotype ,Mediterranean Region ,Incidence ,Measles Vaccine ,Infant ,Vitamins ,Mass Vaccination ,Measles virus ,Population Surveillance ,Dietary Supplements ,Humans ,Child ,Vitamin A ,Case Management ,Immunization Schedule ,Measles - Published
- 2014
35. [Vitamin combination for daily use: B1-B6]
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G, de WANGEN, M, LE HERPEUR, H, FARKAS, and A, BARRIER
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Vitamins ,Vitamin A ,Vitamin B 6 - Published
- 2014
36. Vitamin A in hypertension
- Author
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F, OLDENBERG
- Subjects
Hypertension ,Humans ,Blood Pressure ,Blood Pressure Determination ,Vitamin A - Published
- 2014
37. Effets des acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 sur les processus cibles des rétinoïdes impliqués dans la plasticité synaptique et la mémoire au cours du vieillissement
- Author
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LÉTONDOR, Anne, Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, Serge Alfos, Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeur0), Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Alfos, Serge, Pallet, Véronique, Vaysse, Carole, Bezin, Laurent, Krezel, Wojciech, and Calon, Fréderic
- Subjects
Cerveau ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Aging ,Vitamine A ,Brain ,N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ,Mémoire ,Acide gras polyinsaturé à longue chaîne n-3 ,Récepteurs nucléaires ,Vieillissement ,Memory ,Nuclear receptors ,Vitamin A ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
N-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) play a critical role in brain functioning, notably in the maintenance of synaptic plasticity and memory processes during aging. It is now well accepted that n-3 PUFAs can modulate transcription of genes involved in synaptic plasticity processes underlying the memory performances through binding and activating nuclear receptors such as PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors), and RXRs (retinoid X receptors). RXRs are the common heterodimerization partner of numerous nuclear receptors, among them the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), which binds retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A. Thus, RXRs play a key role in the regulation of n-3 PUFA and retinoid signaling pathways.In this context, the aim of this work was to study the mechanisms involved in the action of n-3 PUFAs on neurobiological processes underlying the memory performances during aging, and more particularly by assessing specifically the molecular mechanisms involved in interactions between n-3 PUFA and retinoid signaling pathways. For this purpose, we studied the effects of dietary supplementations in n-3 PUFAs and/or vitamin A on memory performances in aged rats. We also studied the specific effect of unesterified DHA pharmacological treatments on different hippocampal-dependent memory tasks.Our main results showed impairments in fatty acid and vitamin A metabolism during aging. These modifications were associated with an hypoexpression of n-3 PUFA and retinoid signaling pathways, and memory deficits. Furthermore, we demonstrated a synergetic effect of the joint n-3 LC-PUFA and vitamin A dietary supplementation on the maintenance of memory performances in aged rats. Moreover, in the hippocampus, this supplementation prevented the n-3 PUFA compositional changes, and also the mRNA hypoexpression of RXRγ and of several kinases regulated by RA and n-3 PUFAs which were observed during aging.These results suggest a beneficial synergetic effect of n-3 LC-PUFAs and vitamin A on the maintenance of memory performances during aging, through a combined action on their signaling pathways, which could be involved in the maintenance of synaptic plasticity processes underlying memory performances impaired during aging.; Les acides gras polyinsaturés à longue chaîne (AGPI-LC) de la série n-3 jouent un rôle essentiel dans le fonctionnement cérébral, notamment dans le maintien des processus de plasticité synaptique et de mémoire au cours du vieillissement. Il est maintenant bien admis que ces acides gras peuvent moduler la transcription de gènes impliqués dans les processus de plasticité synaptique sous-tendant les performances mnésiques via leur liaison à des récepteurs nucléaires tels que les PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) et les RXR (retinoid X receptor). Les RXR sont les partenaires communs d’hétérodimérisation de nombreux autres récepteurs, dont le récepteur nucléaire de l’acide rétinoïque (AR), RAR (retinoic acid receptor), métabolite actif de la vitamine A. Ainsi, les RXR jouent un rôle majeur dans la régulation des voies de signalisation des AGPI n-3 et des rétinoïdes.Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de notre travail était de mieux comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu dans l’action des AGPI-LC n-3 sur les processus neurobiologiques qui sous-tendent les performances mnésiques au cours du vieillissement, notamment en abordant de manière spécifique les mécanismes mis en jeu dans les interactions entre les voies de signalisation des AGPI-LC n-3 et des rétinoïdes. Les approches expérimentales mises en place ont consisté notamment à évaluer chez le rat âgé les effets de supplémentations nutritionnelles en AGPI-LC n-3 et/ou vitamine A sur les performances de mémoire, ainsi que l’action du DHA administré seul sur différents types de mémoire dépendants de l’hippocampe.Nos principaux résultats montrent une altération du métabolisme des acides gras et de la vitamine A au cours du vieillissement. Ces changements métaboliques sont associés à une hypoexpression des voies de signalisation des AGPI n-3 et des rétinoïdes, accompagnée de déficits mnésiques. Nous montrons par ailleurs un effet synergique d’une supplémentation nutritionnelle en AGPI-LC n-3 et en vitamine A sur le maintien des performances de mémoire chez l’animal âgé. De plus, cette supplémentation permet de prévenir, dans l’hippocampe, les changements de composition en AGPI n-3 ainsi que l’hypoexpression des ARNm de RXRγ et de kinases régulées par l’AR et les AGPI n-3.Ces résultats plaident en faveur d’une action synergique des AGPI-LC n-3 et de la vitamine A sur le maintien des performances mnésiques au cours du vieillissement, via une action combinée sur leurs voies de signalisation, lesquelles participeraient ainsi au maintien de certains processus de plasticité synaptique sous-tendant la mémoire et qui se trouvent être altérés avec l’âge.
- Published
- 2013
38. [Hypoxemic measles pneumonitis in an immunocompetent adult].
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Ali D, Gorur Y, Bosquée L, Cardos B, and Lorenzo Villalba N
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- Adult, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Vaccination, Antiviral Agents, Immunocompromised Host, Measles complications, Pneumonia microbiology
- Abstract
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease and one of the biggest causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Transmission occurs from person to person through direct contact or by aerosolization of pharyngeal secretions. It can be responsible for severe respiratory and neurological complications. The diagnosis is clinical, confirmed by serology, PCR or culture of the measles virus. Treatment is symptomatic and prevention is based on a well conducted vaccination. In severe cases, the use of vitamin A is recommended by the World Health Organization, at least in chidren. Antivirals (ribavirin) have not been shown to be effective in clinical practice. We present a severe respiratory form of measles, affecting a young immunocompetent adult.
- Published
- 2019
39. Functional and evolutionary study of retinoic acid signaling and of receptor phosphoylation in zebrafish
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Samarut, Eric and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Vitamine A ,Acide rétinoique ,Evo-devo ,Poisson-zèbre ,Biologie du développement ,Endocrinologie ,Récepteur nucléaire ,Nuclear receptors ,Embryonic development ,[SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology ,Retinoic acid ,[SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,Vitamin A ,Retinoic Acid Receptors ,Zebrafish - Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is the main active metabolite of vitamin A and plays multiple roles in cellular processes but also during embryonic development. RA acts through two families of nuclear receptors: Retinoic Acid Receptors (RAR) and Retinoid X Receptors (RXR). Those receptors act as ligand-dependent transcription factors and their transcriptional activity is also regulated by phosphorylation processes through kinases activated by RA. During my PhD, I focused on the functional and evolutionary study of RA pathway and of the phosphorylation of RARs using zebrafish (Danio rerio). By studying the activity of the different RAR subtypes in zebrafish, we provide evidences that they can regulate gene expression in a subtype-specific fashion in the early zebrafish embryo. Furthermore, my work showed that during evolution, the acquisition of a phosphorylated residue in RARα promotes the fine-tuned regulation of its activity in mammals. Finally, aiming at deciphering the molecular mechanisms behind dentition diversification in fish, we propose a role for RA signaling in generating morphological novel traits during evolution., L’acide rétinoïque (AR) est le dérivé actif majeur de la vitamine A et a de multiples rôles au niveau cellulaire ainsi que pendant le développement. L’AR agit via deux familles de récepteurs nucléaires : les Récepteurs de l’Acide Rétinoïque (RAR) et les Récepteurs X des Rétinoïdes (RXR). Ces récepteurs sont des facteurs de transcription dépendants du ligand et leur activité est régulée par des phosphorylations via des kinases activées par l’AR. Durant ma thèse, je me suis intéressé à l’étude fonctionnelle et évolutive de la voie de l’AR et de la phosphorylation des RAR chez le poisson-zèbre Danio rerio. En étudiant l’activité des différents sous-types de RAR chez le poisson-zèbre, nous avons mis en avant qu’il existe une activité transcriptionnelle propre à chaque sous-type dans un embryon précoce de poisson-zèbre. De plus, mes travaux ont montré qu’au cours de l’évolution, l’acquisition d’un site de phosphorylation chez RARα permet une régulation fine de son activité chez les mammifères. Enfin, en étudiant les mécanismes moléculaires à l’origine de la diversification de la denture chez les poissons, mes travaux mettent en avant un rôle de la voie de l’AR dans la genèse de nouveaux traits phénotypiques.
- Published
- 2013
40. Etude fonctionnelle et évolutive de la voie de l'acide rétinoique et de la phosphorylation des récepteurs chez le poisson zèbre
- Author
-
Samarut, Eric, STAR, ABES, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Cécile Rochette-Egly, and Vincent Laudet
- Subjects
Vitamine A ,Acide rétinoique ,Evo-devo ,Poisson-zèbre ,Biologie du développement ,Endocrinologie ,Récepteur nucléaire ,Nuclear receptors ,[SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,Embryonic development ,[SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology ,Retinoic acid ,[SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,Vitamin A ,[SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology ,Retinoic Acid Receptors ,Zebrafish - Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is the main active metabolite of vitamin A and plays multiple roles in cellular processes but also during embryonic development. RA acts through two families of nuclear receptors: Retinoic Acid Receptors (RAR) and Retinoid X Receptors (RXR). Those receptors act as ligand-dependent transcription factors and their transcriptional activity is also regulated by phosphorylation processes through kinases activated by RA. During my PhD, I focused on the functional and evolutionary study of RA pathway and of the phosphorylation of RARs using zebrafish (Danio rerio). By studying the activity of the different RAR subtypes in zebrafish, we provide evidences that they can regulate gene expression in a subtype-specific fashion in the early zebrafish embryo. Furthermore, my work showed that during evolution, the acquisition of a phosphorylated residue in RARα promotes the fine-tuned regulation of its activity in mammals. Finally, aiming at deciphering the molecular mechanisms behind dentition diversification in fish, we propose a role for RA signaling in generating morphological novel traits during evolution., L’acide rétinoïque (AR) est le dérivé actif majeur de la vitamine A et a de multiples rôles au niveau cellulaire ainsi que pendant le développement. L’AR agit via deux familles de récepteurs nucléaires : les Récepteurs de l’Acide Rétinoïque (RAR) et les Récepteurs X des Rétinoïdes (RXR). Ces récepteurs sont des facteurs de transcription dépendants du ligand et leur activité est régulée par des phosphorylations via des kinases activées par l’AR. Durant ma thèse, je me suis intéressé à l’étude fonctionnelle et évolutive de la voie de l’AR et de la phosphorylation des RAR chez le poisson-zèbre Danio rerio. En étudiant l’activité des différents sous-types de RAR chez le poisson-zèbre, nous avons mis en avant qu’il existe une activité transcriptionnelle propre à chaque sous-type dans un embryon précoce de poisson-zèbre. De plus, mes travaux ont montré qu’au cours de l’évolution, l’acquisition d’un site de phosphorylation chez RARα permet une régulation fine de son activité chez les mammifères. Enfin, en étudiant les mécanismes moléculaires à l’origine de la diversification de la denture chez les poissons, mes travaux mettent en avant un rôle de la voie de l’AR dans la genèse de nouveaux traits phénotypiques.
- Published
- 2013
41. Vitamins in the practice of feeding pets
- Author
-
E, LETARD
- Subjects
Vitamin K ,Humans ,Vitamins ,Vitamin A - Published
- 2010
42. Vitamins and mineral waters
- Author
-
H, GAEHLINGER
- Subjects
Minerals ,Vitamin K ,Humans ,Vitamins ,Mineral Waters ,Vitamin A - Published
- 2010
43. Vitamins in odonto-stomatology
- Author
-
P, BUDIN and J, BUDIN
- Subjects
Vitamin K ,Humans ,Vitamins ,Vitamin A ,Tooth ,Diet - Published
- 2010
44. Vitamin A-adrenaline antagonism on rabbit metabolism
- Author
-
DE VISSCHER
- Subjects
Tissue Extracts ,Adrenal Glands ,Humans ,Vitamins ,Vitamin A - Published
- 2010
45. Action of intravenous injections of vitamins on the alkaline reserve
- Author
-
R, LECOQ
- Subjects
Blood ,Vitamin K ,Humans ,Vitamins ,Alkalies ,Vitamin A - Published
- 2010
46. Vitamins with nervous action antagonizing that of thyroxine
- Author
-
P, CHAUCHARD and H, MAZOUE
- Subjects
Thyroxine ,Vitamin K ,Humans ,Vitamins ,Vitamin A - Published
- 2010
47. On the constitution of the pigment obtained by chromatography of axerophtol (vitamin A)
- Author
-
P, MEUNIER and A, VINET
- Subjects
Biological Products ,Pigments, Biological ,Vitamins ,Vitamin A - Published
- 2010
48. [Dermatoses, multiple conditions with various causes]
- Author
-
Anne, Zagnoli
- Subjects
Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous ,Adrenal Cortex Hormones ,Erythema ,Vitamin A Deficiency ,Acne Vulgaris ,Ascorbic Acid Deficiency ,Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous ,Humans ,Psoriasis ,Ascorbic Acid ,Vitamin A ,Skin Diseases ,Dermatomyositis - Abstract
Frequent or rare, minor or serious, numerous skin conditions exist. Allergic, inflammatory, infectious or bullous, dermatoses may also reveal underlying pathologies.
- Published
- 2010
49. [Corneal manifestations of measles in the unvaccinated adult: two typical cases during an epidemic]
- Author
-
M, M'garrech, G, Gendron, I, de Monchy, N, Pogorzalek, S, Rebaudet, D, Vittecoq, and M, Labetoulle
- Subjects
Adult ,Vaccination ,Conjunctivitis ,Piperazines ,Disease Outbreaks ,Young Adult ,Humans ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,France ,Ophthalmic Solutions ,Corneal Ulcer ,Vitamin A ,Measles - Abstract
Measles is a disease due to morbillivirus, which belongs to the paramyxoviridae subfamily. It affects mostly young patients, and evolves through four phases: incubation, invasion, eruption and desquamation. Ophthalmic manifestations may occur during the invasive and eruptive phases. Conjunctivitis is the most common ophthalmologic manifestation and is often asymptomatic. Measles keratitis is the most concerning manifestation, with possible corneal ulcer, bacterial superinfection and corneal perforation. We report two cases of acute keratitis occurring during the eruptive phase of measles in two unvaccinated young adults. The involvement was central and strictly epithelial in both patients. The outcome was favorable with symptomatic treatment.
- Published
- 2010
50. Curious case of intolerance towards vitamins and hormones
- Author
-
M, JUON
- Subjects
Drug Hypersensitivity ,Immune System Diseases ,Hypersensitivity ,Vitamins ,Vitamin A ,Hormones - Published
- 2010
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