2,533 results on '"Urine"'
Search Results
2. L'analyse d'urine : optimiser son interprétation en élevage.
- Author
-
Perrot, Florent and Herman, Nicolas
- Abstract
Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Élevages et Santé is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Osservazioni su alcune raccolte di signa ualetudinum in urina
- Author
-
Maurizio Baldin
- Subjects
urine ,signa ualetudinis ,uroscopy ,ps. Hippocrates ,ps. Galen ,Social Sciences - Abstract
The de urinis, from codex Monacensis 16487, fits into the several translations/adaptations of medical and pharmaceutical texts. It is a list of signa ualetudinis which can be read from urine. Such signa are quite meaningful when compared to some works contained in the Kühn edition (Galeno adscriptus liber de urinis; Galeni de urinis compendium; de urinis ex Hippocrate, Galeno et aliis quibusdam) and to some parts of Corpus Hippocraticum (Aforismi or, more precisely, to two short texts dealing with urine in section IV and VII; Prognostico; Prorretico and Κωακαὶ προγνώσεις). There are similarities but also quite a few differences between them, which makes us think there was a pragmatic interest in the topic. The text mentioned is strictly connected to other de urinis.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Vers un retour au sol des matières de toilettes sèches mobiles.
- Author
-
Brun, Florent
- Subjects
HEALTH risk assessment ,BULK solids ,RESTROOMS ,URINE ,FECES ,BIOCHEMICAL oxygen demand ,GRAYWATER (Domestic wastewater) - Abstract
Résumé: L'emploi de toilettes sèches mobiles (TSM) se généralise en France depuis une vingtaine d'années, sans qu'il n'existe d'encadrement clair de la gestion des matières générées. Les éventuels impacts sanitaires que peut engendrer la mise en place de telles filières de traitement des urines et matières fécales sont étudiés ici. Cette analyse vise à proposer ensuite des axes d'évolution réglementaire. Un état des lieux des pratiques, des représentations du risque sanitaire et de la réglementation en vigueur a été réalisé. Il a permis de cibler sept événements correspondant à quatre filières de pratiques différentes qui ont été caractérisées. Ces quatre filières (urines, urines avec litière, matières fécales avec litière en plateforme individuelle, matières fécales avec litière en plateforme collective) sont les plus représentatives des pratiques de collecte, transport, traitement et valorisation des urines et matières fécales hors du tout-à-l'égout. L'évaluation des risques sanitaires associée à chaque maillon de ces filières démontre qu'aucune mesure particulière n'est à mener pour les matières de TSM par rapport aux consignes et règles d'hygiène générales pour les filières « eaux usées/excreta ». Il est toutefois proposé une meilleure reconnaissance administrative de ces matières pour faciliter leur accès aux plateformes de compostage collectives, car elles sont aujourd'hui peu acceptées. L'obtention du diplôme maître-composteur (module GC25 du référentiel de l'Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie [ADEME]) pour l'opérateur de plateforme individuelle est une bonne garantie de réduction des risques pour la gestion de ces matières. Although portable dry toilets have become widespread in France over the past 20 years, there is no clear administrative framework for managing the materials they generate. This study analyzes the possible health impacts of urine and feces management in order to propose regulatory changes. It inventories practices, representations of the health risk and the regulations in effect. We targeted 7 events and characterized 4 different types of practice. These 4 channels (urine, urine with litter, feces with bulking material in an individual platform, feces with bulking material in a collective platform) are the most representative of the "collection, transport, treatment and recovery" of urine and feces that do not enter the ordinary sewage system. The assessment of the health risks associated with each link in these sectors shows that no special measures need to be taken for dry toilet matter under the general hygiene guidelines and rules for the "wastewater/excreta" sectors. However, we suggest that better administrative recognition of this issue is needed, the standards governing collective composting platforms require them to accept this matter, and that individual platform operator should obtain an officially recognized diploma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Élaboration d'une approche de biosurveillance humaine pour évaluer l'exposition aux métaux et éléments traces de la population libanaise et son association avec la consommation d'eau potable
- Author
-
Nasser Eddine, Nessrine, Noisel, Nolwenn, and Bouchard, Michèle
- Subjects
Toenails ,Geographical area ,Ongles d’orteils ,Personal factors ,Urine ,Exposition populationnelle ,Biosurveillance ,Economic status ,Biomonitoring ,Zone géographique ,Cheveux ,Population exposure ,Contaminants environnementaux ,Facteurs personnels ,Statut économique ,Environmental contaminants ,Hair - Abstract
Dans le contexte libanais, les infrastructures de traitement et d’approvisionnement en eau potable ne sont pas optimales et il existe un manque de connaissances sur l’association entre la consommation d’eau et les niveaux d’exposition aux métaux et éléments traces. La présente étude est une première tentative faisant état de l'exposition aux métaux et aux éléments traces dans des sous-groupes de la population libanaise en utilisant une approche de biosurveillance multi-matrices. Les concentrations en 11 métaux et éléments traces (aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), cuivre (Cu), fer (Fe), plomb (Pb), manganèse (Mn), sélénium (Se), uranium (U), zinc (Zn)) ont été mesurées dans des échantillons d'urine, de cheveux et d'ongles d’orteils d'un groupe de la population et les niveaux ont été comparés en fonction de l'âge, du sexe, du tabagisme, du statut économique, de la zone géographique et de la source d'eau potable. Alors que la plupart des concentrations urinaires et d'ongles n'étaient pas statistiquement différentes entre les hommes et les femmes, les concentrations mesurées d'éléments dans les cheveux étaient statistiquement plus élevées chez les femmes que chez les hommes. Les concentrations urinaires d'Al, Cu, Se et Zn étaient statistiquement plus élevées chez les enfants comparativement aux adolescents et aux adultes. Les concentrations de plusieurs éléments dans les cheveux et les ongles (As, Cd, Pb, Mn, Se dans les cheveux et les ongles plus Al, Fe dans les ongles d’orteils) étaient significativement plus élevées chez les enfants que chez les adolescents et/ou adultes (MG chez les enfants vs. les adolescents vs. les adultes dans les cheveux: 0,009 vs 0,009 vs. 0.005 µg As/g (p, In the Lebanese context, drinking water treatment and supply infrastructures are not optimal and it exists a lack of knowledge on the association between water consumption and levels of exposure to metals and trace elements. The present study is a first attempt reporting exposure to metals and trace elements in subgroups of the Lebanese population using a multi-matrix biomonitoring approach. Concentrations of 11 metals and trace elements (aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), uranium (U), zinc (Zn)) were measured in urine, hair and toenail samples from a population group and the levels were compared according to the age, gender, smoking status, economic status, geographic area, and source of drinking water. While most urinary and nail concentrations were not statistically different between men and women, measured element concentrations in hair were statistically higher in women than in men. Urinary concentrations of Al, Cu, Se and Zn were statistically higher in children compared to adolescents and adults. Concentrations of several elements in hair and nails (As, Cd, Pb, Mn, Se in hair and toenails plus Al, Fe in toenails) were significantly higher in children than in adolescents and/or adults (MG in children vs. adolescents vs. adults in hair: 0.009 vs. 0.009 vs. 0.005 µg As/g (p
- Published
- 2022
6. Une intoxication peut en cacher une autre : l'intérêt de l'analyse toxicologique.
- Author
-
Hoummani, Hasnae, El Youssfi, Soufiane, Mourabiti, Hajar, Houari, Nawfel, Kanjaa, Nabil, and Achour, Sanae
- Subjects
- *
NARCOTICS , *RODENTICIDES , *URINE , *AMPHETAMINES , *BENZODIAZEPINES - Abstract
Résumé: Nous rapportons le cas d'un jeune homme de 19 ans ayant ingéré un raticide, l'alphachloralose, et présentant un toxidrome compatible avec cette intoxication. L'analyse toxicologique des urines et du lavage d'estomac rapporte néanmoins l'ingestion de plusieurs toxiques (amphétamines, cannabis et benzodiazépines). Un suivi psychiatrique et une prise en charge en adddictologie ont ainsi pu être mis en place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Caractérisation du phénomène de fluorescence périmembranaire permettant la mise en évidence des cellules urothéliales tumorales dans les urines dans la méthode exploitée par VitaDX
- Author
-
Gutierrez, Charly, Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling (OSS), Université de Rennes (UR)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Rennes, Rémy Pedeux, and Laëtitia Lallement
- Subjects
Cytologie urinaire ,Perimembrane fluorescence ,Urine cytology ,Liquid biopsy ,Bladder cancer ,Biopsie liquide ,Fluorescence périmembranaire ,Urine ,Fluorescence ,Cancer de la vessie ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
To detect bladder cancer (BC), urine cytology and cystoscopy are the primary diagnostic tests used. Urine cytology is noninvasive, easy to collect, with moderate sensitivity and high specificity. It is an effective way to detect high-grade BCs, but it is less effective on low-grade ones. Recently, the fluorescent proper-ties of plasma membranes of urothelial tumor cells, called perimembrane fluorescence (PMF), found in urine cytology, have been shown to be of potential use in improving early detection of BC. The main objec-tive of this thesis was to characterize PMF for the detection of urothelial tumor cells in urine. During this work we were interested in the role that the morphological characteristic of the urothelial tumor cell plays in the PMF. We then tried to find a cell line model that did not show PMF in order to screen its protein and lipid composition with our BC model. To accurately analyze the slightest fluctuation in fluores-cence, a PMF quantification software was implemented. Failing to find lines without PMF, we analyzed the PMF of urothelial cells recovered from rat urine with those recovered directly from rat urothelium. Noting a difference in PMF depending on where the cells were recovered, we wanted to determine what cellular phe-nomenon might be involved in the change in PMF when the urothelial cell moves from urothelium to urine. The results obtained thus allowed us to better understand and characterize the PMF phenomenon. In view of our results, we suggest that the strong resistance of tumor cells to external aggression allow them to survive better in urine, contrary to healthy cells which, once in suspension, are more sensitive to these aggressions responsible for the loss of their PMF.; Pour détecter le cancer de la vessie (CV), la cytologie urinaire et la cystoscopie sont les premiers tests diagnostiques utilisés. La cytologie urinaire est non invasive, facile à collecter, avec une sensibilité moyenne et une spécificité élevée. C’est un moyen efficace de détecter les CV de haut grade, mais elle est moins efficace sur ceux de bas grade. Récemment, les propriétés fluorescentes des membranes plasma-tiques des cellules tumorales urothéliales, appelées fluorescence périmembranaire (FPM), trouvées dans la cytologie urinaire, se sont avérées être d’une utilité potentielle pour améliorer la détection précoce du CV. L’objectif principal de cette thèse a été de caractériser la FPM permettant la détection des cellules tumorales urothéliales dans l’urine. Durant ces travaux nous nous sommes intéressés au rôle que joue la caractéristique morphologique de la cellule urothéliale tumorale dans la FPM. Nous avons ensuite essayé de trouver un modèle de lignées cel-lulaire qui ne présentait pas de FPM dans l’objectif de cribler sa composition protéique et lipidique avec notre modèle du CV. Pour analyser de façon précise la moindre fluctuation de fluorescence, un logiciel de quantification de la FPM a été mis en place. Ne parvenant pas à trouver de lignées sans FPM, nous avons analysé la FPM des cellules urothéliales récupérées dans les urines de rat avec celles récupérées direc-tement dans l’urothélium de rat. En constatant une différence de FPM en fonction d’où les cellules ont été récupérées, nous avons voulu déterminer quel phénomène cellulaire pouvait intervenir dans la modification de la FPM quand la cellule urothéliale passe de l’urothélium aux urines. Les résultats obtenus ont donc permis de mieux comprendre et caractériser le phénomène de FPM. En vus de nos résultats, nous suggérons que la forte résistance des celles tumorales aux agressions extérieures leur permet de mieux survivre dans les urines, contrairement aux cellules saines qui, une fois en suspen-sion, sont plus sensibles à ces agressions responsables de la perte de leur FPM.
- Published
- 2022
8. Les enjeux d’un diagnostic sans cautelae medicorum : analyser les urines dans l’Hortus sanitatis
- Author
-
Concetta Pennuto
- Subjects
urine ,physician ,patient ,diagnosis ,prudence ,cautelae medicorum ,History (General) and history of Europe ,Language and Literature - Abstract
The treatise De urinis closes the collection of texts known as Hortus sanitatis (Latin text dated from 1491) and is a rewriting of Bartolomeo da Montagnana’s De urinarum iudiciis, published in 1487. In this article, the author recommends reading the contents of De urinis in order to grasp the status of the treatise in the general economy of the Hortus and its complex relationship with its source. In fact, De urinis is quite faithful to Montagnana’s De urinarum iudiciis. Yet, it overlooks the last chapter on physicians’ prudence (De cautelis medicorum) of Montagnana’s treatise. This lack deserves a careful consideration on the strategies of the proposal and the beneficiary of De urinis.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. La performativité du portrait peint dans Théorème de Pier Paolo Pasolini
- Author
-
Bégoc, Janig
- Subjects
Incarnation ,Theorem (Film) ,Christian anthropology ,Sexualit ,Théorème (film) ,Anthropologie chrétienne ,Pasolini ,Performativité ,Performativity ,Urine ,Sexualité - Abstract
Cet article s’attache au portrait de l’être aimé que Pietro cherche à peindre dans Théorème de Pasolini (1968). Tout en témoignant d’une généalogie de l’art de la performance, les expérimentations du jeune homme restituent une anthropologie des images sacrées. En observant le portrait peint à l’aune de la théologie chrétienne, il s’agit de montrer que le renoncement à l’imitation et l’usage des fluides corporels par Pietro visent, par l’incarnation, à mettre en présence la figure christique., This article focuses on the portrait of the beloved that Pietro seeks to paint in Pasolini's Theorem (1968). While testifying to a genealogy of performance art, the young man's experiments restore an anthropology of sacred images. By observing the portrait painted in the light of Christian theology, I seek to show that the renunciation of imitation and the use of bodily fluids by Pietro aim, through the incarnation, to bring into presence the Christ figure.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Influence du type de fertilisation, du jour de pâturage et du mois de l'année sur les rejets azotés des vaches laitières
- Author
-
Dufrasne I., Istasse L., Robaye V., and Hornick JL.
- Subjects
Dairy cows ,grazing ,nitrogen ,excretion ,urine ,faeces ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Influence of the fertilization type, the day in the paddock and the month on nitrogen rejections in dairy cows. The present study aims to quantify nitrogen (N) rejections in dairy cows on a rotational grazing system with different types of fertilization (compost, slurry and mineral N) at two different days in the paddock (days 3 and 5) and during two different periods (June and September). Grass yield and height were measured along with the chemical composition. The live weight was recorded when the cows moved into the paddock and milk yields was recorded at each milking. N intakes were measured on the basis of the energy requirement. When the cows were in the paddocks, individual samples of faeces and urine were collected to assess N rejections. The urea content in milk from the tank or from the individual cows was also measured. N intake was higher on day 3 than on day 5 and in September as compared with in June but was not influenced by the fertilization. The amount of N produced in milk was not influenced either by the fertilization, by the day on the paddock or by the month. The amount of urinary N was significantly higher in the N mineral group than in the two other groups. The N excretion in faeces and urines was higher on day 3 than on day 5. In June, the N excretion by the urine was lower than in September while the N excretion by the faeces was higher. Equations were calculated in order to estimate the N excretion by the urine in grazing dairy cows from the urea content in milk of a group of cows.
- Published
- 2010
11. Séparation à la source et valorisation des excrétas humains du Grand Paris : des filières émergentes
- Author
-
Legrand, Marine, Joveniaux, Aurélie, Arbarotti, Alexsandro, de Gouvello, Bernard, Fabien, Esculier, Tabuchi, Jean-Pierre, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SIAAP - Direction du Développement et de la Prospective, and SIAAP
- Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,toilettes sèches ,valorisation des excrétats humains ,[SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,Assainissement ,Paris ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,urine ,séparation à la source ,configurations territoriales - Abstract
International audience; A holistic approach to environmental issues highlights the limits reached by the use of sewers to remove human excreta from inhabited spaces. Megacities, in particular, are today exposed to acute and still unknown challenges Given the major global changes faced by wastewater management systems, such a large concentration of population puts the classical sanitation model under stress.Apart from the frequent overloads of centralised wastewater management systems, there is their deep footprint in terms of energy expenditure, greenhouse gas emissions and continuing frequent pollution of aquatic environments. Yet managed separately, these excreta could be used as fertiliser: their agricultural application would represent a move away from the waste remediation model and an opportunity for mutual benefit between urban and agricultural zones, supplying the latter with lasting, local and nonfossil fertilising materials.Focusing on the case of the Paris conurbation, we provide a crosscutting analysis of the current opportunities for implementing source separation systems in a highly concentrated population centre. More specifically, we examine the technical, organisational and economic obstacles and drivers around the production of fertilisers from human excreta, in particular from urine, under good sanitary and agronomic conditions. We show the build-up of evidence about the limits of the current wastewater management system and the need for a paradigm shift. Nonetheless, pilot projects remain difficult to implement (due to political, sociocultural, economic, regulatory and technical obstacles, which are particularly tough in the case of a megacity). Despite this, there has been a recent shift in the dynamics, with projects emerging on the margins of urban planning. A key factor in their success is adaptation to different territorial configurations. Backed by individuals and groups with specific priorities, these projects offer a glimpse of the possibility of devising new sociotechnical systems for managing human waste.; Une approche holistique des questions environnementales met en lumière les limites atteintes par l’utilisation des égouts pour éloigner les excrétats humains des espaces habités. Les mégapoles, en particulier, sont aujourd’hui exposées à des enjeux aigus et encore méconnus. Dans un contexte de changements globaux majeurs auxquels l’assainissement doit faire face, une si grande concentration de population met le modèle classique de l’assainissement sous tension. À la saturation récurrente des systèmes d’assainissement centralisés, s’ajoute une empreinte élevée en matière de dépense énergétique, d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre et souvent de pollution des milieux aquatiques. Pourtant, ces excrétats, gérés séparément, pourraient être utilisés comme matières fertilisantes : leur utilisation agricole permet de sortir d’une logique de dépollution des excrétats et de créer un mutualisme entre territoires urbains et agricoles, ces derniers bénéficiant alors de matières fertilisantes pérennes, locales et non fossiles. À partir du cas de l’agglomération parisienne, nous proposons une analyse transversale des opportunités actuelles de mise en oeuvre de filières de séparation à la source en contexte de grande concentration urbaine. Plus spécifiquement, nous nous intéressons aux freins et leviers techniques, organisationnels, économiques, en vue de la production de fertilisants à partir des excrétats humains et en particulier des urines, dans de bonnes conditions sanitaires et agronomiques. Nous montrons l’accumulation d’éléments de démonstration quant aux limites du système d’assainissement actuel et la nécessité d’un changement de paradigme. Persiste, nonobstant, une difficulté à mettre en place des projets pilotes (freins politiques, socioculturels, économiques, réglementaires et techniques, exacerbés dans le contexte d’une mégapole). Toutefois, une dynamique récente s’observe, avec des projets qui émergent en marge de la fabrique urbaine. Un facteur clé de leur réussite tient à leur adaptation aux différentes configurations territoriales. Portés par des individus et collectifs aux trajectoires spécifiques, ceux-ci laissent entrevoir une capacité à inventer de nouveaux dispositifs sociotechniques de gestion des excrétats humains.
- Published
- 2021
12. [Detection and identification of urinary crystals using an automated urine particle analyzer coupled with a digital particle imaging device].
- Author
-
Hennequin C, Candelot L, Ferroni A, Majoux S, Beaudeux JL, and Nivet-Antoine V
- Subjects
- Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Flow Cytometry methods, Urine, Urinalysis methods, Calcium Oxalate urine
- Abstract
Polarized light microscopy (POM) remains the gold standard for crystalluria analysis. However, such method is time consuming and requires well-trained staff. Here, to address this issue, we tested the Sysmex UF-4000 analyzer coupled to a UD10 module as an automated flow cytometry-digital particle imaging workflow to assess (i) the ability of the system to detect and identify the crystals species and (ii) the quality of the images provided by the UD-10 module (n = 40) for each urine sample analyzed. First, systematic analysis of 76 samples by POM and the UF-4000/UD-10 analyzer showed that only attentive examination of the 40 photos was able to confidently detect crystalluria-positive samples with no misses and thus serve to discriminate positive-test crystalluria from negative-test crystalluria. These first results were confirmed by sensitivity analysis and the negative predictive value calculated on 200 samples for the results provided by the UF-4000 (39% and 46%) and after examination of the 40 UD-10 photos (100% for the both values). Digital images can therefore serve to screen crystalluria without missing crystals. A part of samples were treated by POM whereas it was not necessary (positive predictive value: 78%). Finally, we compared the crystal identification performances of the Sysmex UF4000/UD10 workflow and the ‘gold standard’ POM method on 131 urine samples containing crystals. Only calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals were identified by the Sysmex UF-4000. A close examination of the digital photographs enabled exact identification of crystals in 84.7% of the samples, suggesting however that POM is still require as soon as crystals are observed on the photographs. We conclude that a SYSMEX UF-4000 coupled with a UD-10 module can be used in practice with close examination of the photographs to discriminate positive crystalluria from negative crystalluria.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. [Role of distal nephron in the control of extracellular volume in physiology and in nephrotic syndrome]
- Author
-
Éric, Feraille and Valérie, Olivier
- Subjects
Nephrotic Syndrome ,Sodium ,Proteins ,Nephrons ,Urine ,Kidney Tubules, Proximal ,Renin-Angiotensin System ,Mice ,Body Water ,Chlorides ,Nucleic Acids ,Loop of Henle ,Potassium ,Animals ,Humans ,Kidney Tubules, Collecting ,Kidney Tubules, Distal - Abstract
The kidney plays a major role to maintain the constancy of the "milieu intérieur" by adjusting the urinary excretion of water and solutes to the requirement of the body balance. This function is coordinated with elimination of waste products generated among others by the catabolism of proteins and nucleic acids. To cope with these two major functions, the human kidneys generate each day about 180 L of ultrafiltrate from plasma and reabsorbs the vast majority of filtered water and solutes to excrete daily about one-two liter(s) of urine containing concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride ranging from 20 to 200 mM. The final adjustment of urine composition is finely tuned along the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN) which includes the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting system (connecting tubule and collecting duct). Sodium reabsorption is predominant along the distal tubule if potassium must be spared, or along the collecting system when large amounts of potassium must be secreted. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by heavy proteinuria consecutive to a glomerular injury, associated with renal sodium and water retention taking initially place along ASDN and leading to edema.Rôle du néphron distal dans le contrôle du volume extracellulaire en condition physiologique et dans le syndrome néphrotique.Les reins jouent un rôle majeur dans le maintien de la composition du milieu intérieur. Cette fonction est coordonnée avec l’élimination des déchets du métabolisme, impliquant la production par les reins d’environ 180 litres de filtrat par jour et la réabsorption de la grande majorité de l’eau et des solutés filtrés. L’ajustement final de la composition de l’urine est réalisé dans le segment distal sensible à l’aldostérone (ASDN), qui inclut le tube contourné distal et le système collecteur. La réabsorption de sodium prédomine dans le tube distal si le potassium doit être épargné, ou dans le système collecteur si le potassium doit être sécrété. Le syndrome néphrotique est caractérisé par une protéinurie massive causée par des lésions glomérulaires, associée à une rétention hydrosodée prenant place dans l’ASDN et induisant chez le patient des œdèmes parfois volumineux.
- Published
- 2021
14. Les microARN circulants comme bioindicateurs d’exposition aux HAP seuls et en mélange
- Author
-
Sparfel, Lydie and Ruaux, Nathalie
- Subjects
évaluation risque ,polluant ,hydrocarbure aromatique polycyclique ,in vitro ,expérimentation animale ,microARN ,urine ,in vivo ,mélanges ,toxicité ,[SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,cellules sanguines ,fluides biologiques ,biomarqueurs ,exposition - Abstract
Les microARN interviennent dans de nombreux processus biologiques, allant du développement à la formation de tumeurs. Ils représentent d’excellents biomarqueurs potentiels pour l’exposition à des contaminants. S’il est bien établi que des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques , tels que le benzo[a]pyrène, sont capables de produire des effets génétiques en interagissant avec l’ADN des cellules mononucléées du sang périphérique (PBMC), leur capacité à modifier les microARN produits par ces mêmes cellules reste aujourd’hui peu documentée.
- Published
- 2021
15. Les microARN circulants comme bioindicateurs d’exposition aux HAP seuls et en mélange: Utilisation des MiARN circulants comme indicateurs d’exposition aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques seuls et en mélange
- Author
-
Sparfel, Lydie, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), PNR EST, and Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
- Subjects
[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,évaluation risque ,polluant ,hydrocarbure aromatique polycyclique ,in vitro ,expérimentation animale ,microARN ,urine ,in vivo ,mélanges ,toxicité ,cellules sanguines ,fluides biologiques ,biomarqueurs ,exposition - Abstract
National audience; Les microARN interviennent dans de nombreux processus biologiques, allant du développement à la formation de tumeurs. Ils représentent d’excellents biomarqueurs potentiels pour l’exposition à des contaminants. S’il est bien établi que des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques , tels que le benzo[a]pyrène, sont capables de produire des effets génétiques en interagissant avec l’ADN des cellules mononucléées du sang périphérique (PBMC), leur capacité à modifier les microARN produits par ces mêmes cellules reste aujourd’hui peu documentée.
- Published
- 2021
16. L'exposition professionnelle aux médicaments anticancéreux : de l'évaluation de la contamination interne du personnel infirmier à l'étude de ses déterminants
- Author
-
Villa, Antoine and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Infirmières ,Auto-Questionnaire ,[SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology ,Contamination ,Self-Questionnaire ,Anticancéreux ,Nurses ,Professionnel ,Urine ,Antineoplastic ,Occupational - Abstract
Antineoplastic drugs (AD) are classified as "dangerous to handle" because of their carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or reprotoxic effects (CMR). Internal contamination by AD of exposed professionals is a major occupational health concern. However, in the context of the assessment and management of the chemical risk of AD, there is currently no toxicological reference value. Moreover, few French data are currently available on this subject. Given the CMR effects of these molecules, the levels of internal contamination must be kept as low as possible.Objective: The aim of this thesis work was to report recent French data on internal contamination by AD of professionally exposed nurses in two French health care institutions. Occupational exposure was particularly studied for 5 widely prescribed AD (cyclophosphamide (CP), ifosfamide (IF), methotrexate (MTX), doxorubicin (DOXO) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). In addition, the determinants of this internal contamination were studied. The originality of this work lies in the use of 4 specific and very high sensitivity analytical methods for the detection and quantification of biomarker of exposure specific to AD.Methods: A study protocol was drawn up, in particular for the choice of the biomarker to be measured and the methods for collecting the urine samples. Beforehand, analytical methods were optimised and a method for the determination of urinary doxorubicin was developed and validated. The study was observational, descriptive, multicentre and included nurses working in health care departments where at least one of the five AD studied was handled. The participation of the nurses in the study lasted 24 hours and included the collection of 3 urine samples and a self-questionnaire collecting socio-demographic and professional data. All urine samples were analysed by analytical methods with very low limit of quantification (LOQ) values. The determinants of contamination were studied from the internal contamination data and the self-questionnaire data.Results: The 4 validated analytical methods had LOQ values equivalent to or 6 times lower than the lowest LOQ of published methods to date. Seventy-four nurses were included, 222 urine samples and 74 self-administered questionnaires were collected, and 109 urine analyses were performed. The percentage of nurses with internal AD contamination was 60.8% (n=45/74) and the measured urine concentrations were low, ranging from method LOQ (CP, IF, MTX: 2.5ng/L; DOXO: 10ng/L; FBAL: 20ng/L) to 459 ng/L for DOXO. Seven determinants of internal contamination of nurses were identified. Smoking and accidents involving exposure to the excreta of treated patients would favour internal contamination, whereas the total number of years of handling AD, seniority in the current department, the systematic wearing of gloves when opening bag packaging, when administering AD and when cleaning the care trolleys would reduce it.Discussion: The high sensitivity of the analytical methods used in this study made it possible to detect internal contamination that would not have been detected with current published methods. The percentage of nurses with internal AD contamination would have been 17.6% instead of the 60.8% reported here. Toxicological reference values should be developed to enable individual risk assessment, and training of nurses in the hazards of AD, exposure routes, exposure tasks and means of protection is essential., Les médicaments anticancéreux (MAC) sont classés « dangereux à la manipulation » en raison de leur effets cancérogènes, mutagènes et/ou reprotoxiques (CMR). La contamination interne par les MAC des professionnels exposés constitue une préoccupation majeure en santé au travail. Cependant, dans le cadre de l’évaluation et de la gestion du risque chimique aux MAC, il n’existe pas à ce jour de valeur toxicologique de référence. De plus, peu de données françaises sont actuellement disponibles à ce sujet. Etant donné les effets CMR de ces molécules, les niveaux de contamination interne doivent être abaissés aussi bas qu’il est possible de les détecter.Objectif : Le but de ce travail de thèse a été de rapporter des données récentes françaises de contamination interne par les MAC du personnel infirmier (IDE) professionnellement exposé dans deux établissements de soins français. L’exposition professionnelle a été particulièrement étudiée pour 5 MAC largement prescrits (le cyclophosphamide (CP), l'ifosfamide (IF), le méthotrexate (MTX), la doxorubicine (DOXO) et le 5-Fluorouracile (5-FU). De plus les déterminants de cette contamination interne ont été étudiés. L’originalité de ce travail repose sur l’utilisation de 4 méthodes analytiques spécifiques et de très haute sensibilité pour la détection et la quantification d’indicateurs biologiques de l’exposition (IBE) spécifiques aux MAC.Méthodes : Un protocole d’étude a été élaboré notamment pour le choix des IBE à mesurer et des modalités de recueil des prélèvements urinaires. Au préalable, des méthodes analytiques ont été optimisées et une méthode de dosage de la doxorubicine urinaire a été développée et validée. L’étude menée était une observationnelle, descriptive, multicentrique, incluant des IDE exerçant dans des services de soins où au moins 1 des 5 MAC étudiés était manipulé. La participation des IDE à l'étude durait 24 heures et comprenait le recueil de 3 échantillons d'urine et un auto-questionnaire collectant des données sociodémographiques et professionnelles. Tous les échantillons d'urine ont été analysés par des méthodes d’analyse avec des valeurs de limites de quantification (LQ) très faibles. Les déterminants de la contamination ont été étudiés à partir des données de contamination interne et celles de l’auto-questionnaire.Résultats : Les 4 méthodes analytiques validées ont des valeurs de LQ équivalentes voire 6 fois plus basses que les LQ les plus basses des méthodes publiées à ce jour. Soixante-quatorze IDE ont été inclus, 222 échantillons urinaires et 74 auto-questionnaires ont été recueillis et1092 analyses d'urine ont été réalisées. Le pourcentage d'IDE présentant une contamination interne par les MAC était de 60,8 % (n=45/74) et les concentrations urinaires mesurées étaient faibles s’étendant des LQ des méthodes (CP, IF, MTX : 2,5 ng/L ; DOXO : 10 ng/L ; FBAL : 20 ng/L) jusqu’à 459 ng/L pour la DOXO. Sept déterminants de la contamination interne des IDE ont été mis en évidence. Le tabagisme et les accidents exposant à des excréta de patients traités favoriseraient la contamination interne alors que le nombre total d’années de manipulation des MAC, l’ancienneté dans le service actuel, le port systématique des gants lors de l’ouverture de l’emballage des poches, lors de l’administration des MAC et lors du nettoyage des chariot de soins permettraient de la réduire.Discussion : La haute sensibilité des méthodes analytiques utilisées dans cette étude ont permis de détecter des contaminations internes qui n'auraient pas été détectées avec les méthodes actuelles publiées. Le pourcentage d'IDE présentant une contamination interne par les MAC aurait été de 17,6 % au lieu des 60,8 % rapportés ici. Des valeurs toxicologiques de référence devraient être développées pour permettre une évaluation des risques individuels et une formation des IDE quant aux dangers des MAC, aux voies d’exposition, aux tâches exposantes et aux moyens de s’en protéger est indispensable.
- Published
- 2021
17. Diverticule congénital de la vessie chez un enfant de 13 ans diabétique en sepsis à point de départ urinaire
- Author
-
Zine El Abidine Benali and Houssam Ahmaidi
- Subjects
diverticule congénital ,urine ,vessie ,diabète ,Medicine - Abstract
Les diverticules congénitaux dans la population pédiatrique sont très rares et les données actuelles sont insuffisantes pour fournir la différence de fréquence dans les deux sexes .Par définition, C'est une hernie de la couche interne de la paroi de la vessie, La déficience congénitale ou une faiblesse dans la gaine aponévrotique de Waldeyer a été considérée comme une cause. Les diverticules congénitaux ont tendance à être solitaire et se trouve à la jonction du trigone de la vessie et du détrusor. Cette localisation anatomique, près de l'insertion de l'uretère jusqu'à la vessie, est de considération importante parce que les diverticules de grande taille peuvent empiéter sur ou déformer les orifices urétéraux. Par conséquent, procéder à l'exérèse chirurgicale de ces diverticules avec soin pour éviter de blesser l'uretère. Nous rapportant le cas d' un patient âgé de 13 ans, diabétique insulinodépendant hospitalisé en réanimation pour un sepsis à point de départ urinaire, l' échographie au lit du malade a montré une image anéchogène parallèle à la vessie , le doppler couleur avec pression dosée sur une vessie pleine montre le passage des urines à travers le diverticule. Après un traitement médical orienté par l'antibiogramme ,l'enfant est opéré sous rachianesthésie 1 mois après sans séquelles.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. [Short recommendations from the CIAFU: Interest of the urine bacterial culture performed before endo-rectal prostate biopsy]
- Author
-
F, Bruyere, M, Vallee, D, Legeais, C, Le Goux, S, Malavaud, J R, Zahar, E, Bey, and A, Sotto
- Subjects
Male ,Biopsy ,Preoperative Period ,Prostate ,Rectum ,Humans ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Urine - Abstract
Prostate biopsy is sometimes complicated by infection which can lead to death. The risk factors remain controversial, notably the urine bacterial culture carried out before a prostate biopsy. The increase in resistance induces an increase in the number of complications and the need to define new antibiotic prophylaxis strategies. The urine bacterial culture remains widely discussed in cases with post-prostate biopsy infections and urologists or experts await clear recommendations on this subject. The Infectiology Committee of the French Association of Urology has therefore set up a literature analysis work in order to reach a consensus within the committee.A literature search was performed on Pubmed and Medline. We selected randomized studies or meta-analyzes using the keywords "prostate biopsy" and "infection" or "infectious complications". All abstracts and articles have been analyzed. The summary of the analysis was reviewed by all the members of the committee proposing the most consensual recommendation possible.The literature on the subject remains poor, but no evidence of a link between prebiopsy bacteriuria and post-biopsy infection has been demonstrated.Apart from a clinical situation which could evoke a male urinary tract infection, and moreover having to prefer the postponement of biopsies, it is not recommended to perform a routine urine culture before endo-rectal prostate biopsies (expert opinion).
- Published
- 2020
19. [Contamination of urine collected for cytobacteriological examination: situation in a university hospital in Morocco]
- Author
-
Mostafa Elouennass, Mohammed Frikh, Adil Maleb, Nawal Rahmani, Mohmamed Bensalah, Elmostafa Benaissa, Yassine Ben Lahlou, Safaa Rifai, and Somiya Lamrabat
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Microbiological Techniques ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Urinary system ,Pre-Analytical Phase ,Urine ,Urinalysis ,Hospitals, University ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Female patient ,medicine ,Humans ,False Positive Reactions ,Child ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Urine Specimen Collection ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Contamination ,Middle Aged ,University hospital ,Morocco ,Child, Preschool ,Emergency medicine ,Urinary Tract Infections ,Female ,business ,Urine collection - Abstract
The pre-analytical step of the cytobacteriological examination of urine (CBEU) is one of the most critical in microbiology. The objectives of our study were to determine the rate of urinary contamination and to analyze the factors that would facilitate this in order to propose solutions to this problem. METHOD This is a 26-month descriptive study including all CBEU requests to our laboratory. Urine was treated in accordance with the recommendations of the medical microbiology recommendations. Urine was considered contaminated in the case of polymorphic culture with at least three different types of germs with a count from 103 CFU/mL. RESULTS We collected 16,412 CBEU requests. Urine was contaminated in 4,830 cases (29.43%). Of the contaminated urine, 39.23% (n=1,895) was from emergency departments, 79.44% (n=3,837) was collected in the middle of the stream, 69.83% (n=3,373) was from a female patient and 16.34% (n=789) was from children under the age of 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION To reduce urine contamination, quality instructions describing sampling procedures should be available and samples in the middle of the stream and through the collection adhesive bags should be replaced by sus-pubic puncture samples in children, whenever the profit/risk ratio of this method is favourable.
- Published
- 2020
20. [Bacteriological correlation of urinary stones and preoperative urine culture: Is there a significant impact on postoperative infectious risk? (Moroccan experience)]
- Author
-
A, Saouli, Y, Jabri, T, Karmouni, K, Elkhader, A, Koutani, and A, Iben Attya Andalousi
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Bacteria ,Middle Aged ,Urine ,Risk Assessment ,Morocco ,Postoperative Complications ,Urolithiasis ,Sepsis ,Preoperative Period ,Urinary Tract Infections ,Humans ,Female ,Urinary Calculi ,Prospective Studies ,Correlation of Data - Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of preoperative urine culture and the infected nature of stones on the occurrence of postoperative urinary sepsis.A prospective monocentric study included 29 patients operated on for urolithiasis between January and June 2018.Postoperative urinary sepsis was observed in 4 patients (14%). Urinary colonization rate on preoperative CBU exam was 27.6% (8 of 29) while the rate of colonized stones was 31% (9 of 29). The occurrence of urinary sepsis was observed in 37.5% (3 of 8) of patients with urinary colonization, compared to 44.4% of patients with colonized stones (4 of 9). By comparing the bacteriological results observed during sepsis, the germs isolated in postoperative urine were the same found in the culture of stones. The chemical nature of the colonized stones was mainly calcium oxalate (monohydrate, dihydrate) P=0.02. There was a statistically significant correlation between the preoperative urine culture, the bacteriological culture of stones and the postoperative urinary sepsis (P=0.05, P=0.005) respectively.Our study demonstrated a strong association between the bacteriological culture of stones and postoperative urinary sepsis superior to preoperative urine culture. It makes it possible to anticipate the occurrence of sepsis in patients requiring many endoscopic treatments. However, several multicentric prospective series may prove necessary to validate these results.3.
- Published
- 2020
21. Determinants of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in HIV-positive and Negative Pregnant Women in Sagamu, South-West Nigeria
- Author
-
A A, Akadri and O I, Odelola
- Subjects
Adult ,Bacteria ,Bacteriuria ,Nigeria ,HIV Infections ,Urine ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Pregnancy ,HIV Seronegativity ,Urinary Tract Infections ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Female ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - Abstract
Pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria are at increased risk of developing symptomatic urinary tract infections. HIV infection may modify the acquisition of bacteriuria in pregnancy.To identify the determinants of asymptomatic bacteriuria in HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria.A cross-sectional study involving 211 HIV-positive pregnant women and 422 HIV-negative pregnant women attending their first antenatal clinic between October 2017 and March 2018. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for asymptomatic bacteriuria in study participants was recorded. Microbial culture was carried out on aseptically collected urine samples.Asymptomatic bacteriuria was found in 66(31.3%) and 118(28.0%) in HIV-positive and negative women respectively. Advanced maternal age, gestational age above 20 weeks, low socioeconomic status, history of urinary tract infections in previous pregnancies and low CD4 cell count had statistically significant association with increased prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among HIV positive women. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that low socioeconomic status and history of urinary tract infections in previous pregnancies were strong determinants of asymptomatic bacteriuria among HIV positive women (AOR 4.1, CI 1.9-8.7, P0.001; AOR 5.8, CI 2.5-13.6, P0.001 respectively). In HIV negative women, gestational age above 20 weeks had statistically significant association with increased prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (AOR= 2.34, CI 1.3-4.1, P= 0.002).Low socioeconomic status and previous history of urinary tract infections are determinants of asymptomatic bacteriuria in HIV positive women while gestational age above 20 weeks is a determinant in HIV negative women. These determinants could be used to identify women at high risk of asymptomatic bacteriuria for targeted screening.
- Published
- 2020
22. La gestion des déjections humaines : un défi urbain. Le cas de la ville de Lyon, de la fin du 18e au début du 20e siècle
- Author
-
adler, emmanuel, adler, emmanuel, Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris Est, Bruno Tassin, and Eric Baratay
- Subjects
medicine ,night-soil ,biodéchets ,sanitation ,boues d’épuration ,vidangeurs ,recycling ,hygiène ,hygiene ,agronomie ,circularité ,fosse d’aisances ,histoire ,sanitization ,sewage ,latrines ,excréments ,disinfection ,eaux usées ,waste water ,désinfection ,police ,agronomy ,circular economy ,recyclage ,fertilizer ,biowaste ,[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,urine ,scavengers ,septic tanks ,déjections ,feces ,assainissement ,engrais ,sewerage ,latrine ,égout ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,human excreta ,history ,[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,médecine - Abstract
Inspired by a long-time professional activity in the field of sanitation, and more precisely by wastewater and sludge treatment, this thesis is focusing on the issue of human excreta in urban areas through a double approach based on history and technology. The problem addressed in this research is dealing with the long-term evolution of sanitation systems in urban areas developed by human beings to remove and handle their feces and urine excretion. The study is considering the evolution of latrines and the process of excreta management, from the first and simple equipment such as urinal and chamber pot, then the piping system and the storage tanks. This research is also addressing the issue of water carriage and of how to define the most efficient sewerage network, having in mind it has to cope with the different characteristics of the various effluents to be managed (grey water, runoff water…). The ambition behind this work is to explain and analyze the misunderstood profession of workers in charge of dealing with human waste. Based upon a novel approach of analyzing scientific papers, this research is exploring the timeline of human dejections management in the context of circular economy and energy transition. The period covered in this study, starting at the end of the XVIIIth century until the beginning of the XXth century, corresponds with the extension of sanitation, a new industrial activity connected with numerous other activities (technology, science, public policy, justice…). This historical approach corresponds with major changes in urban areas, with strong impacts in the privacy of housing buildings. Marked by various innovations, tensions and crisis, the system of human excreta management in dense territories is controlled by a large variety of stakeholders, and constrained by the progress of technology, the legal framework and also by available financing mechanisms.Second major characteristic of this research, along with its historical framework, a geographical dimension has been adopted to focus on a major town of France that has not been much studied, the city of Lyon, located on the powerful Rhône and Saône rivers, offering a very different context compared to Paris and the Seine river.In order to make this analysis digest despite the natural repulsive attitude towards human excreta and the enormous corpus of data along with the large diversity of systems, an appropriate structure has been implemented. After considering the technical structure of sanitation systems, the work addresses the relationships between sanitation and health issues, including legal and financial aspects. Then, considering an education in agricultural science, a special attention is paid to the different ways to recycle humanure, and more precisely to treatment technologies and land application practices.The conclusion intends to demonstrate that the conditions of human excreta management in urban areas are becoming more and more complex in time, with a large variety of treatment processes and an increasing number of by-products with the victory of water carriage at the beginning of the XXth century., Inspirée par l’exercice d’une longue activité professionnelle dans le domaine de l’assainissement, et plus particulièrement dans l’épuration des eaux usées domestiques, cette thèse a pour objet d’apporter un éclairage sur les conditions de gestion des déjections humaines dans une double réflexion technique et historique. La problématique étudiée porte sur les conditions d’évolution des systèmes d’assainissement des villes développés par les êtres humains pour gérer leurs matières excrémentielles et les soustraire à leur environnement immédiat. Il s’agit d’étudier plus précisément les moyens adoptés pour procéder à l’éloignement des déjections humaines. Le sujet est appréhendé depuis les premiers équipements destinés à recueillir les matières solides et liquides, en passant par les conduites et les fosses de stockage, jusqu’aux opérations logistiques d’extraction, de déplacement et de transformation, pour conclure sur la victoire du tout-à-l’égout. Soulevant le voile sur la part de secret qui caractérise tout ce qui touche aux déjections humaines, ce travail tente d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur ce secteur d’importance, en particulier dans un contexte d’économie circulaire et de transition énergétique.Sur l’échelle de temps d’une part, si la période retenue pour orienter les investigations conduites est relativement longue, couvrant la fin du XVIIIe jusqu’au début du XXe s., c’est parce qu’elle permet d’appréhender l’essor d’une activité aux multiples connexions (techniques, scientifiques, politique publique, justice…). Cet intervalle caractérise une radicale transformation des activités de gestion des déjections humaines produites par les habitants des grandes villes. Dans une progression rythmée par des tensions et des crises, le système d’évacuation des déjections humaines de la cité se structure en réseau, contrôlé par un nombre croissant d’acteurs, mais également de procédés techniques, de règlementations, et bien sûr pour en assurer le fonctionnement, de mécanismes financiers. Second point déterminant d’autre part, après l’ancrage chronologique et dans le contexte très centralisateur de la France, la recherche porte géographiquement un intérêt marqué pour la ville de Lyon, qui bénéfice d’un contexte particulier par rapport à Paris, avec la présence du Rhône, et qui est restée jusqu’ici relativement peu considérée sous l’angle des déjections humaines. Pour rendre digeste un sujet caractérisé par la profusion de données et la diversité de systèmes, hier et aujourd’hui, un découpage parmi d’autres a été adopté. Après l’analyse des enjeux techniques, puis des aspects liés à la santé, la thèse aborde les aspects juridiques et financiers de la gestion des matières. A la suite, motivé par une formation d’ingénieur agronome, le travail se poursuit avec la question du devenir des déjections, et plus précisément leurs conditions de retour au sol. La conclusion cherche à mettre en évidence que les conditions d’éloignement des déjections humaines en milieu urbain se complexifient au fil du temps, avec la mise en œuvre d’opérations supplémentaires de séparation de phases, et la victoire du tout-à-l’égout au XXe siècle.
- Published
- 2020
23. Applicability of Supercritical fluid chromatography–Mass spectrometry to metabolomics. II–Assessment of a comprehensive library of metabolites and evaluation of biological matrices
- Author
-
Gioacchino Luca Losacco, Jean-Luc Veuthey, Víctor González-Ruiz, Serge Rudaz, Julian Pezzatti, Omar H. Ismail, Davy Guillarme, and Julien Boccard
- Subjects
Xanthurenates ,Analyte ,Adenosine ,Metabolite ,Urine ,010402 general chemistry ,Mass spectrometry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Supercritical fluid chromatography ,Analytical Chemistry ,Matrix (chemical analysis) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Metabolomics ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Biological fluids ,UHPSFC-HRMS ,Humans ,Matrix effect ,ddc:615 ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ,General Medicine ,0104 chemical sciences ,Retention time variability ,Metabolome ,Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions - Abstract
In this work, the impact of biological matrices, such as plasma and urine, was evaluated under SFCHRMS in the field of metabolomics. For this purpose, a representative set of 49 metabolites were selected. The assessment of the matrix effects (ME), the impact of biological fluids on the quality of MS/MS spectra and the robustness of the SFCHRMS method were each taken into consideration. The results have highlighted a limited presence of ME in both plasma and urine, with 30% of the metabolites suffering from ME in plasma and 25% in urine, demonstrating a limited sensitivity loss in the presence of matrices. Subsequently, the MS/MS spectra evaluation was performed for further peak annotation. Their analyses have highlighted three different scenarios: 63% of the tested metabolites did not suffer from any interference regardless of the matrix; 21% were negatively impacted in only one matrix and the remaining 16% showed the presence of matrix-belonging compounds interfering in both urine and plasma. Finally, the assessment of retention times stability in the biological samples, has brought into evidence a remarkable robustness of the SFCHRMS method. Average RSD (%) values of retention times for spiked metabolites were equal or below 0.5%, in the two biological fluids over a period of three weeks. In the second part of the work, the evaluation of the Sigma Mass Spectrometry Metabolite Library of Standards containing 597 metabolites, under SFCHRMS conditions was performed. A total detectability of the commercial library up to 66% was reached. Among the families of detected metabolites, large percentages were met for some of them. Highly polar metabolites such as amino acids (87%), nucleosides (85%) and carbohydrates (71%) have demonstrated important success rates, equally for hydrophobic analytes such as steroids (78%) and lipids (71%). On the negative side, very poor performance was found for phosphorylated metabolites, namely phosphate-containing compounds (14%) and nucleotides (31%).
- Published
- 2020
24. Recherches cliniques et expérimentales sur le passage des bactéries dans l’urine /
- Author
-
Berlioz, A., Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh (archive.org), Berlioz, A., and Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
- Subjects
Analysis ,Bacteria ,Electronic books ,Urine - Published
- 1887
25. A Preliminary Trial on the Use of Barium Chloride for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Sows
- Author
-
Ndu, A., Bratte, L., and Eyoufe, SU.
- Subjects
Pregnancy ,Diagnosis ,Barium chloride ,Urine ,Parity ,Gestation ,Agriculture - Abstract
Urine was collected twice daily (once in the morning and once in the afternoon) for 5 days from 80 Yorkshire x Landrace crossbred gilts/sows made up of 40 non-pregnant and 40 pregnant pigs in an investigation to determine the possibility of using 1 % barium chloride solution for pregnancy diagnosis in pigs based on a previous report that addition of a few drops of 1 % barium chloride solution to bovine urine caused a white precipitate with non-pregnant but not with pregnant cows. The pregnant pigs were in various stages of gestation. Urine reaction to 1 % barium chloride was highly (P
- Published
- 2000
26. Exploration de la protéinurie au laboratoire.
- Author
-
Raidelet, Lydvine and Bricon, Thierry Le
- Abstract
Résumé: La recherche et l’étude des protéinuries constituent un outil simple du dépistage, du diagnostic et du suivi de certaines pathologies rénales ou urologiques et des hémopathies lymphoïdes. Ces dernières années, de nettes avancées ont été réalisées sur les méthodes d’analyse quantitatives et qualitatives des protéines urinaires. Les méthodes d’électrophorèse des protéines urinaires sont plus sensibles et permettent désormais l’analyse des échantillons sans concentration préalable. Ces techniques d’analyse sont désormais accessibles à un grand nombre de laboratoires. L’objet de cet article est de présenter les avancées observées dans ce domaine et les différentes performances de ces méthodes analytiques. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Physiologie de la soif.
- Author
-
Thornton, Simon N.
- Subjects
- *
THIRST , *DRINKING (Physiology) , *POLYDIPSIA , *PHYSIOLOGY , *BIOLOGY - Abstract
Water is absolutely necessary for life as we know it, as it plays an essential role in most metabolic and cellular functions. In order that the physiology of all bodily organs functions correctly, a constant input of water and of sodium is necessary. A decrease in total body water due to hypohydration can lead to intra-and extra-cellular dehydration. The physiological regulation of this state is assured by thirst and an appetite for sodium as well as by the renal system. These systems ensure that plasma volume and osmolality are maintained within certain physiological limits via the release of hormones directly implicated in hydromineral balance regulation: ADH, renin, AngII and aldosterone. These hormones help to ensure the ingestion and the conservation of water and of sodium in the body, thus allowing the cardiovascular system to maintain a constant perfusion pressure to all cells and organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. [Mechanisms of increase and diagnostic role of highly sensitive troponins in arterial hypertension].
- Author
-
Chaulin AM and Duplyakov DV
- Subjects
- Biomarkers, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Troponin, Troponin T, Hypertension diagnosis, Myocardial Infarction diagnosis
- Abstract
Improvement in immunochemical methods for the determination of key biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction has led not only to an improvement in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, but also to a change in many of our ideas about the biology and diagnostic role of cardiac troponins. Modern (highly and ultrasensitive) laboratory methods for the determination of cardiac troponin molecules in human biological fluids are highly sensitive, which makes it possible to detect even the smallest damage to cardiomyocytes that occur at the early stages of many pathologies of cardiac (coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, etc.) and extracardiac etiology (renal failure, sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and others), as well as under the influence of a number of physiological conditions, including the influence of physical exercises, psychoemotional stress, gender characteristics (higher levels of cardiac troponins in men, compared with women), age characteristics (an increase in the concentration of cardiac troponins with age) and circadian characterisics (prevalence of morning values of cardiac troponins concentration over evening ones). In this regard, the diagnostic capabilities of the use of highly sensitive cardiac troponins have been significantly expanded. One of the promising areas for the use of highly sensitive cardiac troponins includes the assessment of the risk of adverse cardiovascular events both in healthy patients and in patients with various risk factors for their development, one of which can be considered arterial hypertension. This article systematizes the results of clinical studies evaluating the diagnostic role of highly sensitive cardiac troponins in biological fluids (blood serum and urine) in hypertension and discusses in detail the mechanisms of increasing the levels of highly sensitive troponins in this pathological condition., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Une série de nouveaux cas d'intoxications par le GHB ou la GBL. Dosages dans le sang, l'urine et les phanères.
- Author
-
Chèze, Marjorie, Hoizey, Guillaume, Deveaux, Marc, Muckensturm, Aurélie, Vayssette, Franois, Billault, Francis, and Pépin, Gilbert
- Subjects
- *
DRUG toxicity , *3-Hydroxybutyric acid , *HAIR analysis , *BLOOD testing , *URINALYSIS , *NAILS (Anatomy) - Abstract
Introduction: Since 1999, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a prescription drug only for hospital use for intra-venous injection. It is classified as a narcotic if used orally. Scheduling GHB led the users to use mainly one of its chemical precursors, the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) which is not classified. The use of GHB/GBL in a purpose of drug facilitated sexual assault remains rare. The main diverted usage is for entertaining purpose, but as the therapeutic range is narrow, thus its consumption may be life-threatening, particularly if alcohol is taken concurrently. Cases and methods: The toxicological investigations of the presented cases were performed on preserved peripheral blood, and when available, urine by GC-MS. When hair was available; analysis were performed by GC-MS/MS. In three cases analyses were undertaken on seized products. In seven cases of mono-intoxication by GHB/GBL, the blood concentrations ranged from 285 to 815 mg/L for fatal cases (n=4), and from 74 to 158 mg/L for non-fatal cases (n=3). In four non-fatal cases of GHB/GBL intoxication together with alcohol, MDMA, cannabis and/or methadone taken concurrently, the blood concentrations of GHB ranged from 86 to 184 mg/L. In two cases, hair analysis showed a GHB peak on the segment corresponding to the events at respectively 9.8 ng/mg and 9.6 ng/mg, typical of a single intake, in correlation with the presence of exogenous GHB in the blood and the urine at the time of the event. In one case GHB concentration was 62 ng/g in pubic hair and 105 ng/mg in nails, corresponding to a chronic use of GHB/GBL. Conclusion: GHB/GBL use can be lethal. An erratic consumption may be detected by segmental analysis of hair, but should be evidence among other proofs (urine concentration, seized products). A chronic consumption is easily detected in hair and nails. The use of GBL has been proved by the concurrent analysis of seized products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Évaluation du CDx90® (Microgenics Thermo Fisher Scientific) pour le dosage urinaire des drogues.
- Author
-
Barrial, K., Le Bricon, T., Courtier, F., Tourvieille, M.-H., Hilaire, S., Carry, C., André, A., Sartre, J., and Bronner, J.
- Subjects
DRUGS of abuse ,URINALYSIS ,CLINICAL chemistry ,METHADONE abuse ,BENZODIAZEPINES ,COCAINE ,NARCOTICS ,DRUG toxicity ,EQUIPMENT & supplies - Abstract
Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Le profil métallique : un nouveau concept médical
- Author
-
Goullé, J.-P., Saussereau, E., Mahieu, L., Bouige, D., Guerbet, M., and Lacroix, C.
- Subjects
- *
METAL toxicology , *BLOOD plasma , *INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry , *ATOMIC absorption spectroscopy , *MOLECULAR epidemiology , *CLINICAL toxicology , *FORENSIC toxicology - Abstract
Abstract: Over the past decade great progress has been made in metals and metalloids analysis. This analysis is a basic stage in toxicity assessment and is indispensable in achieving a realistic evaluation of substance toxicity. A recently introduced technique, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is progressively replacing atomic absorption. This analysis permits multi-elementary determinations, approximately 30 elements, with an optimal gain in sensitivity in many biological matrices: i.e. whole blood, plasma, urine, hair, nail, biopsy samples. Moreover, this method allows semiquantitative determination with an additional 30 supplementary elements, which enables the toxicologist to sufficiently estimate the toxic levels and metal exposure. The authors demonstrate that the ICP-MS could be very useful for a wide range of clinical applications. Furthermore, this procedure offers new exploration possibilities in various fields such as clinical toxicology, forensic toxicology as well as work place testing or environmental exposure and permits epidemiologic studies. This analytical method in fact also provides a new scientific approach. To our knowledge we are the first to propose: the metallic profile. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Résumés.
- Subjects
URINE ,HYSTERIA ,16TH century medical history - Abstract
Abstracts are presented for articles discussing the history of research on urine, the development of medicine in 16th century Germany, and the treatment of hysteria in the 19th century.
- Published
- 2010
33. La bilharziose urinaire en ancienne Égypte.
- Author
-
Ziskind, Bernard
- Subjects
SCHISTOSOMA haematobium ,URINE ,SCHISTOSOMIASIS ,PARASITIC disease treatment ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,HISTORY of medicine - Abstract
Copyright of Néphrologie & Thérapeutique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Catécholamines et métabolites urinaires : valeurs de référence de la naissance à l’âge adulte.
- Author
-
Pussard, É., Guigueno, N., and Neveux, M.
- Subjects
BIOGENIC amines ,EXCRETION ,URINE ,HUMAN life cycle ,CATECHOLAMINES ,TUMOR diagnosis - Abstract
Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Interprétation des catécholamines urinaires.
- Author
-
Garnier, Jean-Pierre
- Subjects
CATECHOLAMINES ,URINALYSIS ,HOMOVANILLIC acid ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,NEUROENDOCRINE tumors ,DOPAMINE ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Francophone des Laboratoires is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Aspects métaboliques de l'usage de l'intestin en urologie
- Author
-
de Petriconi, R.
- Subjects
- *
URINARY organs , *BLADDER , *UROLOGY , *METABOLIC disorders , *URINE - Abstract
Abstract: Urinary diversion, pouches and orthotopic bladder replacement have been made possible by the use of bowel segments in urologic surgery. The most important complications at short and long term are metabolic disorders due to the permanent contact of urine with the bowel segment or the exclusion of this segment from bowel continuity. Metabolic acid-base problems occur immediately after the derivation beginning and depend on the renal capacity to compensating. The metabolic disorder due to the exclusion of a bowel segment appears generally years later, after complete depletion of physiologic reserves (vitamin B12). Perfect knowledge of early and late metabolic complications of urinary diversion allows a more accurate indication, a more adequate selection of the derivation type, an improved patient follow-up, and better long term results. Metabolic complications constitute the best selection criteria for urinary diversion; subsequently, only a few techniques are likely to persist in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Métabolisme du potassium chez le prématuré
- Author
-
Semama, D.S., Martin-Delgado, M., and Gouyon, J.-B.
- Subjects
- *
CHRONIC kidney failure , *PREMATURE infants , *LOW birth weight , *HOMEOSTASIS , *CREATININE , *BLOOD plasma , *URINE - Abstract
Abstract: During the first days of life, hyperkalemia can affect 30 to 60% of very low birth weight infants free of acute renal insufficiency (i.e. nonoliguric hyperkalemia). The place of the kidney in the regulation of the potassium homeostasis of VLBW remains badly specified. Objective: To evaluate the rate and the mechanisms of hyperkalemia in infants born at less than 32 weeks'' gestation. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 33 preterm infants (BW=1289±382 g; GA=28.8±1.7 weeks). Fifteen consecutive 8-hour urine collections were performed for each infant from the 8th hour of life (495 periods). A plasma sample was obtained at the end of each urine collection. Sodium, potassium and creatinine were measured in urine and blood samples as often as possible. Results: Plasma potassium concentrations varied significantly over the 15 successive periods with an initial value (P1) of 4.55±0.80 mmol/l, a peak on P3 (4.94±0.81 mmol/l) and the lowest value on P13 (3.88±0.42 mmol/l). Hyperkalemia (plasma potassium>6.0 mmol/l) was observed in 4 infants (12%) and in 1.2% of the periods. The cumulative potassium balance (output-input) was negative over the first 7 periods (–1.97 mmol/kg), and afterwards became positive (from P8 to P15:+1.57 mmol/kg). Over the first 3 days, plasma potassium concentrations were positively correlated (p <0.01) with urinary excretion of potassium, clearance of potassium, fractional excretion of potassium, and negatively with endogenous creatinine clearance. Conclusion: In the first days of life, very low birth weight infants present an increase in kalemia associated with a negative potassium balance indicating a intracellular to extracellular potassium shift rather than a lower renal potassium excretion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Existe-t-il un profil métallique?
- Author
-
Goullé, Jean-Pierre, Mahieu, Loïc, Saussereau, Elodie, Bouige, Daniel, and Lacroix, Christian
- Subjects
TOXICOLOGY ,MASS spectrometry ,BLOOD plasma ,URINE ,ATOMIC absorption spectroscopy - Abstract
Copyright of Revue Francophone des Laboratoires is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Entérocystoplastie de substitution chez l'homme (Hautmann exclu) : principes et applications techniques
- Author
-
Tariel, E., Artus, P. Mongiat, Meria, P., Cortesse, A., Desgrandchamps, F., and Teillac, P.
- Subjects
- *
URINARY organs , *BLADDER , *URINE , *CYSTS (Pathology) , *OPERATIVE surgery - Abstract
Abstract: Orthotopic urinary reservoir using a bowel segment has become the most favoured form of diversion after radical cystectomy. Ideal neobladder has to (i) store the urine with a low pressure bladder substitute, (ii) protect the upper urinary tract and (iii) provide a better quality of life enabling volitional voiding. A lot of techniques have bee described to construct a reservoir, however, all of them are based on the principle of intestinal loop detubulation. Many intestinal segments have been used, but ileum seems to be preferred in Europe. The upper urinary tract is mainly protected by a low neobladder pressure, rather than an additional antireflux flap-valve-type implantation technique which may increase the risk of ureteroenteric stricture. No significant difference in functional outcome can be observed among the several techniques. In selected cases, orthotopic bladder replacement is well tolerated and feasible and appears to be the gold standard after cystectomy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Dermohypodermites bactériennes nécrosantes et fasciites nécrosantes (DBHN-FN) périnéales ou gangrène de Fournier
- Author
-
Lasocki, S., Geffroy, A., and Montravers, P.
- Subjects
- *
ULTRASONIC imaging , *DIAGNOSTIC imaging , *NECROTIZING fasciitis , *URINE - Abstract
Abstract: Fournier''s gangrene is a necrotizing infection of skin and soft tissue of the perineum. Several sources of contamination have been described: cutaneous, urological or anorectal. Anatomy of the perineum helps in the prediction of the extension of the infection. The bacterial flora (usually mixed aero–anaerobic flora) depends on the source of infection: Gram-positive cocci (skin source) combined with Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobes (urological or anorectal source). CT scan and echography are useful tools for the diagnosis without delaying surgery. In the diagnostic procedure and the management, proctological examination, retrograde uretrography, bowel and urine derivation should be discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Dépistage des bactériuries à l'admission chez les patients diabétiques : peut-on abandonner les examens cytobactériologiques urinaires systématiques ?
- Author
-
Girard, R., de Montclos, M., Bournaud, C., and Orgiazzi, J.
- Subjects
- *
PEOPLE with diabetes , *LEUCOCYTES , *URINE , *DIABETES , *BACTERIA - Abstract
Abstract: Objectives and method: The discordance between test by urine dipstick (nitrites and leucocyte-esterase) and analysis in laboratory, with urinary culture on the same sample was studied in diabetic patients, from October 2000 to May 2002, to eventually stop systematic laboratory test. The dipstick result (Clinitek 20 Bayer) was classified as « possibility of bacteriuria » if one of the two tests was positive. Bacteriuria was considered significant if the laboratory test result gave, at least 105 bacteria per mL, (one strain), and at least 104 leucocytes. The out point was the dipstick negative predictive value (NPV). Results: The study included 683 patients. The dipstick result was « possibility of bacteriuria » in 153 cases (22.4%). Thirty-nine bacteriuria (5.7%) were reported, including 2 dipstick false negatives. The NPV was 99.6% [IC 95% : 99.1–100]. Conclusion: The systematic laboratory tests were stopped. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Dosage du cortisol libre urinaire par chromatographie liquide.
- Author
-
Brau, M., Banse, V., Dupret, P., Ledant, T., and Boudry, P.
- Subjects
HYDROCORTISONE ,LIQUID chromatography ,CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis ,CHEMILUMINESCENCE ,GLUCOCORTICOIDS - Abstract
Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Les difficultés d'interprétation de l'examen cyto-bactériologique des urines.
- Author
-
Courcol, René, Marmonier, Alain, and Piemont, Yves
- Abstract
Copyright of Revue Francaise des Laboratoires is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Contribution de la recherche d’antigénurie pneumococcique couplée à celle d’antigénurie légionelle au diagnostic des pneumonies à l’hôpital
- Author
-
Honoré, S., Trillard, M., Ould-Hocine, Z., Lesprit, P., Deforges, L., and Legrand, P.
- Subjects
- *
PATIENTS , *URINE , *BODY fluids , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
But de l’étude. – La confirmation bactériologique des pneumonies (PNM) chez les patients hospitalisés est souvent aléatoire ou tardive. L’importance pronostique d’un traitement adapté et précoce implique donc une antibiothérapie probabiliste associant généralement l’amoxicilline et un macrolide. La stratégie thérapeutique initiale pourrait bénéficier d’un test rapide et fiable affirmant l’étiologie pneumococcique. Le test Binax Now S. pneumoniae permet la détection d’une antigénurie pneumococcique (AUP) par immunochromatographie en quinze minutes.Matériel et méthodes. – Dans un premier temps, nous avons évalué la sensiblité et spécificité de ce test chez 28 patients atteints de PNM à pneumocoque bactériologiquement prouvées et 118 contrôles négatifs sans PNM. Nous avons ensuite évalué la recherche d’AUP sur les urines de 158 malades adultes hospitalisés présentant un tableau de PNM (communautaire : 90, nosocomiale : 68) pour lesquels une recherche d’antigénurie légionelle avait été prescrite et n’avait été positive que dans deux cas. Cinquante sept patients (36,1 %) étaient hospitalisés en réanimation.Résultats. – La sensibilité était de 71,4 % (85,7 % pour les 21 PNM avec bactériémie) et la spécificité de 98,3 % ; ce qui est en concordance avec les données de la littérature. Parmi les 158 patients atteints de PNM, la recherche d’AUP a été positive pour 17 d’entre eux (10,8 %) dont 15 parmi les PNM communautaires (16,7 %) et deux parmi les nosocomiales (2,9 %). L’étiologie pneumococcique de sept d’entre eux a été confirmée par la bactériologie (dont 6 par hémoculture). Les dix autres présentaient des signes cliniques et radiologiques compatibles avec une PNM à pneumocoque. Parmi les 141 patients avec AUP négative, six avaient des prélèvements bactériologiques à pneumocoque (dont deux bactériémies).Conclusion. – Le test Binax Now® S. pneumoniae a donc permis un diagnostic étiologique rapide et fiable pour 10,8 % des PNM hospitalisées (16,7 % de celles d’origine communautaires) pour lesquelles une antigénurie légionelle avait été demandée (présentant donc à priori des facteurs de gravité). Il pourrait donc contribuer à une meilleure adaptation de l’antibiothérapie initiale des PNM hospitalisées. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Polyuria.
- Author
-
Petitclerc, T.
- Subjects
URINE ,URINATION disorders ,DIABETES ,VASOPRESSIN - Abstract
Copyright of EMC-Nephrologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Interest of urinary iodine measurement in hyperthyroidism.
- Author
-
Houzé, P., Court, P., and Bousquet, B.
- Subjects
HYPERTHYROIDISM ,THYROID diseases ,IODINE ,THYROIDITIS ,PATHOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Exposition prénatale aux phtalates et neuro-développement du jeune enfant: Exposition aux phtalates pendant la grossesse et neurodéveloppement de l'enfant dans les premières années de vie
- Author
-
Philippat, Claire, Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and PNR EST
- Subjects
[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,produits chimiques ,pertubateurs endocriniens ,hormone thyroïdienne ,trouble du développement ,exposition maternelle ,triclosan ,facteur risque ,neurotoxicité ,développement neurophysiologique ,phtalates ,exposition prénatale ,grossesse ,foetus ,urine ,thyroïde ,prélèvement sang ,bisphenols ,cohorte ,épidémiologie ,composés chimiques ,enfant ,biomarqueur ,produit consommation courante ,parabènes - Abstract
National audience; Axé sur les phtalates, le projet CNAP se concentre sur le neuro-développement des jeunes enfants : notamment, la question de la fenêtre d’exposition précoce (autour de la grossesse). Le projet vise à : 1/Étudier les effets potentiels de l’exposition prénatale aux phtalates et certains de leurs substituts sur le neuro-développement de jeunes enfants âgés ; 2/Étudier le rôle de voies biologiques particulières, comme la perturbation de la fonction thyroïdienne maternelle et du nouveau-né, dans les effets de cette exposition.
- Published
- 2019
48. [Is it necessary to perform urine culture systematically prior to double J ureteral stent removal?]
- Author
-
C, Ze Ondo, P, Pescheloche, T, Bessede, B, Parier, C, Lebacle, and J, Irani
- Subjects
Male ,Preoperative Care ,Urinary Tract Infections ,Humans ,Female ,Stents ,Prospective Studies ,Middle Aged ,Ureter ,Urine ,Prosthesis Design ,Device Removal ,Aged - Abstract
To assess the value of systematic urine culture before ureteric double j removal.This prospective audit was performed to assess the validity of our current clinical practice. A cohort of informed patients without clinical signs of urinary tract infection and without predefined risk factors were programmed for ureteral double j stent removal in an outpatient setting. Urine was sampled for culture immediately before the procedure. Patients had to complete a self-questionnaire 15 days following stent removal, inquiring about tolerance and complications which were to be analyzed according to the culture results. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of febrile urinary tract infection.Among the 56 participants, immediate preoperative urine culture revealed colonization in 9 patients (16.1%) and contamination in 6 patients (10.7%). A significant association was found between bacteriuria and double j placement following surgery with urinary tract injury (P0.02) and diabetes (P0.009). Two patients had fever including a man with sterile urine and a woman with Staphylococcus Aureus infection. No hospitalization was necessary. Twelve patients reported functional signs with lumbar pain being the most common. There was no significant association between functional signs and patients' clinical characteristics.This evaluation was not in favor of modifying our protocol of care i.e. the lack of performing neither antibiotic prophylaxis nor systematic urine culture before JJ ureteral stent removal in a selected population.4.
- Published
- 2019
49. [Assessment for antihypertensive drug intake in France in 2019 and adherence]
- Author
-
Béatrice Bouhanick, Anaïs Schavgoulidze, Bernard Vaisse, Peggy Gandia, Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Purpan (CHU Purpan), Innovations Thérapeutiques et Résistances (InTheRes), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
- Subjects
Blood pressure control ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.drug_class ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Resistant hypertension ,MEDLINE ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Urine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Medical care ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,In patient ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Antihypertensive drug - Abstract
National audience; Non-adherence to antihypertensive treatment is one of the critical contributors to sub-optimal blood pressure control. The French Society of Hypertension remembered that urine and serum biochemical detection of antihypertensive drugs could be useful in a patient with resistant hypertension. Talking to a patient with biochemically confirmed non-adherence to blood pressure-lowering therapy and repeating them improved adherence to drugs. Despite its usefulness, biochemical detection of antihypertensive drugs is not routinely effective in France as they are not reimbursed by French Medical Care, except in patients attending hospitals. The list of blood pressure-lowering drugs able to be biochemically detected in France and their modalities are recorded here.
- Published
- 2019
50. Fonctions et pouvoir d’un flacon : l’urinal au Moyen Âge
- Author
-
Moulinier-Brogi, Laurence, Moulinier-Brogi, Laurence, Anne-Laure Carré, Sophie Lagabrielle, Histoire, Archéologie et Littératures des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux (CIHAM), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML)
- Subjects
urinal ,fiole ,Moyen Âge ,Italie ,Patient ,Verre archéologique ,Urine ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,vase ,flacon ,[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Malade ,Médecin ,Médecine - Histoire ,[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Uroscopie - Abstract
During the Middle Ages, a new object appears in the triangle patient, illness, doctor dating back from the Antiquity, it is the urinal. In this flask, the patient's urines were collected and examined to propose a diagnosis and a prognosis. The patient does not need to be here, his fluid was a representation pars pro toto. New medical modes were then established, with the urinal at the center of the relationship between the patient and his doctor. This flask, both an emblem of the medical profession and an embodiment of the patient, must have been very common. In texts and iconography, the urinal is very often cited and represented. But archeological traces are rare until the 14th century, though some examples have been found, some of them in very good condition. It will be the main object of this paper., Dans le triangle classique malade-maladie-médecin de l’Antiquité, un objet s’était introduit au Moyen Age : c’est l’urinal, ou flacon dans lequel étaient recueillies les urines du patient, et sur l’examen desquelles se fondait le diagnostic comme le pronostic. Le patient pouvait ne pas être physiquement présent lors de la consultation, et représenté à la fois par le liquide contenant ses urines, pars pro toto, et par le porteur de l’objet. Et c’est ainsi que ces nouvelles modalités de la consultation médicale laissèrent aussi une place à la duperie et qu’autour de l’urinal put se jouer aussi un certain rapport de force entre patient et médecin. Ce flacon qui s’imposa à la fois comme l’emblème du médecin et comme symbole du patient devait être fort répandu : l’urinal est de fait très présent dans les sources iconographiques et textuelles. En ce qui concerne les chantiers de fouilles, il en est plus souvent absent jusqu’au XIVe siècle, mais on a exhumé des urinaux médiévaux en plusieurs lieux, parfois même intacts. En se fondant sur les apports de l’archéologie mais aussi des images et des textes ou des actes de la pratique, on examinera donc ici de manière privilégiée la manière dont était fabriqué ce flacon-totem du corps et dont on se le procurait.
- Published
- 2019
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.