16 results on '"Urban, M"'
Search Results
2. Sélection, élaboration et caractérisation d’alliages et de couches minces approximants Al-Cr-Fe
- Author
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Demange, Valerie, Urban, M, Beeli, Président, Mayou, Rapporteur, Arribart, Rapporteur, Dubois, M, Machizaud, M, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL), Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, FRA., Francis Machizaud, Université de Rennes (UR), and Demange, Valérie
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preparation ,optical properties ,[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,propriétés de mouillage ,oxidation ,couches minces ,élaboration ,approximants ,oxydation ,Al-Cr-Fe ,approximant ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,thin films ,propriétés optiques ,wetting ,quasicrystals ,quasicristaux - Abstract
We have studied the Al-Cr-Fe ternary system by preparing alloys in a broad range of compositions. Characterization of these alloys was carried out by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and transmission electron microscopy. We have established the existence range in the phase diagram for several new orthorhombic and monoclinic approximants of the decagonal phase that coexist with one or several gamma-brass phases. These compounds show strong structural links with approximant phases. The study of their optical properties shows a behaviour different of the one of metals. We have interpreted this behaviour in relation with the phase structures. These alloys exhibit an interesting oxidation resistance and present a very low wetting by water. A part of this study is concerned also with the preparation and characterization of Al-Cr-Fe approximant thin films deposited from the vapour phase. In particular, we observed the formation of a gamma-brass superstructure which presents structural features close to those of approximant phases. A study of the optical properties of the thin films was carried out byellipsometry in the visible range. These properties, as well as the wetting properties are similar to those of the bulk alloys., Nous avons étudié le système ternaire Al-Cr-Fe en élaborant des alliages massifs sur un grand domaine de composition. La caractérisation de ces alliages a été réalisée par diffraction des rayons X, analyse thermique différentielle et microscopie électronique à transmission. Nous avons déterminé une zone d’existence sur le diagramme de phase de plusieurs nouvelles phases orthorhombiques et monocliniques approximantes de phase décagonale qui peuvent coexister avec une ou plusieurs phases gamma-laiton. Ces dernières montrent des liens structuraux forts avec les phases approximantes. L’étude des propriétés optiques de ces alliages met en évidence un comportement très différent de celui des métaux que nous avons interprété en nous basant sur les caractéristiques structurales des phases en présence. Ces alliages présentent des propriétés de résistance à l’oxydation intéressantes. Cette étude a donc été complétée par l’élaboration et la caractérisation de couches minces approximantes du système Al-Cr-Fe déposées en phase vapeur. En particulier, nous avons observé la formation d’une surstructure de phase gamma-laiton qui présente des caractéristiques structurales proches de celles des phases approximantes. Les propriétés optiques des couches minces ont été étudiées par ellipsométrie dans le domaine du visible. Ces propriétés ainsi que les propriétés de mouillage sont comparables à celles des alliages massifs.
- Published
- 2001
3. La granulomatose éosinophilique avec polyangéite (Churg-Strauss) avec positivité des ANCA-PR3 existe-t-elle réellement ?
- Author
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C. Kroegel, Matthieu Groh, Thomas Neumann, Benjamin Terrier, Bernhard Hellmich, Matthias Papo, Carlo Salvarani, Juliane Mahrhold, Loïc Guillevin, Augusto Vaglio, Sara Monti, Vítor Teixeira, Maxime Samson, M.L. Urban, Giacomo Emmi, Giulia Cassone, Franco Schiavon, David Jayne, Renato Alberto Sinico, Benjamin Seeliger, Papo, M, Sinico, R, Teixeira, V, Urban, M, Mahrhold, J, Monti, S, Cassone, G, Schiavon, F, Seeliger, B, Neumann, T, Kroegel, C, Groh, M, Samson, M, Jayne, D, Hellmich, B, Salvarani, C, Guillevin, L, Emmi, G, Vaglio, A, and Terrier, B
- Subjects
granulomatose éosinophilique avec polyangéite ,ANCA ,vascularite nécrosante ,Gastroenterology ,Internal Medicine ,PR3-ANCA - Abstract
Introduction La granulomatose eosinophilique avec polyangeite (GEPA) (Churg-Strauss) est une vascularite necrosante des vaisseaux de petit calibre caracterisee par une eosinophilie sanguine et tissulaire associee a un asthme. Les ANCA sont positifs dans seulement un tiers des cas, le plus souvent diriges contre la myeloperoxydase (MPO). Les patients ANCA+ ont plus de manifestations neurologiques et renales, et moins de manifestations cardiaques que les patients ANCA−. Les ANCA diriges contre la proteinase 3 (PR3) sont rares dans la GEPA, et les caracteristiques des patients avec ANCA-PR3 sont inconnues. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’etudier le phenotype des patients avec GEPA et ANCA-PR3. Patients et methodes Nous avons realise une etude multicentrique europeenne incluant 845 patients suivis pour une GEPA, repondant aux criteres de classification de l’ACR, a la definition de la consensus de Chapel Hill et/ou aux criteres de l’essai MIRRA. Les caracteristiques initiales et de suivi ont ete recueillies, et comparees selon le statut des ANCA. Resultats Le statut des ANCA et leur specificite etaient connus pour 734 patients : 508 (69,2 %) etaient ANCA−, 209 (28,5 %) avaient des ANCA-MPO et 17 (2,3 %) avaient des ANCA-PR3. Au diagnostic, les patients avec ANCA-PR3, comparativement aux ANCA-MPO et aux ANCA−, avaient respectivement : moins d’asthme (71 % vs 91 % ou 93 %, p = 0,004), notamment moins d’asthme corticodependant (21 % vs 34 % ou 46 %, p = 0,007), plus de manifestations cutanees (65 % vs 38 % ou 34 %, p = 0,03), moins d’infiltrats pulmonaires (41 % vs. 40 % ou 58 %, p = 0,03) mais plus de nodules pulmonaires (25 % vs 10 % ou 8 %, p = 0,046), moins de neuropathie peripherique (29 % vs 72 % ou 47 %, p La duree mediane de suivi etait de 74 (37–116) mois pour l’ensemble de la cohorte. Les patients avec ANCA-PR3 presentaient plus de rechute de vascularite que les patients avec ANCA-MPO ou ANCA− (47 % vs 34 % ou 24 %, respectivement ; p = 0,004). La survie sans rechute etait plus courte pour les patients avec ANCA-PR3 (hazard ratio [HR] : 7,32, IC95 % : 2,02–26,5 ; p = 0,002) et ANCA-MPO (HR : 1,71, IC95 % : 1,23–2,37 ; p = 0,002), comparativement aux ANCA− Les doses medianes de prednisone etaient plus elevees a 6 et 24 mois de suivi pour les patients avec ANCA-PR3 que pour les patients avec ANCA-MPO ou ANCA− (p = 0,02 et p = 0,007). A 24 mois de suivi, les patients avec ANCA-PR3, comparativement aux ANCA-MPO et aux ANCA−, avaient moins d’asthme chronique (38 % vs 51 % et 60 %, respectivement, p = 0,04) et plus frequemment de sequelles renales (20 % vs 10 % vs 1 %, p Conclusion Les caracteristiques des patients avec GEPA et ANCA-PR3 different de celles des patients avec ANCA-MPO ou ANCA−, particulierement concernant les manifestations asthmatiques et l’eosinophilie qui sont parmi les signes cardinaux de la GEPA. Une eosinophilie circulante legere a moderee pouvant etre observee au cours de la granulomatose avec polyangeite (GPA), ces patients pourraient plutot correspondre a une forme particuliere GPA qu’a un nouveau phenotype de GEPA, avec un risque de rechute similaire a celui des GPA.
- Published
- 2019
4. Détection hybride des rayons cosmiques d'ultra-hautes énergies avec l'Observatoire Pierre Auger
- Author
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Playez, Nathalie, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph-Fourier - Grenoble I, Urban M., PIERRE AUGER, and Base des publications de l'IN2P3, Admin
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Hybrid detection ,[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] ,Rayons cosmiques ,[PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] ,Air showers ,Observatoire Pierre Auger ,Détection hybride ,Anisotropies ,Pierre Auger Observatory ,Gerbes atmosphériques ,Cosmic rays - Abstract
Especially designed for a better understanding of the origin of the Ultra-High Energie Cosmic Rays (E>1019 eV), the Pierre Auger Observatory is now starting a period of data taking expected to last of 20 years. It will obtain enough statistics at the highest energies to determine wether or not the GZK cut-off exists. Using simultaneously two atmospheric shower detection techniques, the first at ground level and the second detecting the fluorescence light, it should make it possible to determine the energies as well as the arrival directions and nature of these particules with better accuracy.After an introduction covering the general properties of cosmic rays, the production mecanisms at the highest energies are presented. We then focus on one particular mechanism of production, considering the decay of ultra-heavy relic particules, the aim being to determine limits on the life-time of such particles. After having presented air-showers detection techniques and the Pierre Auger Observatory, we consider hybrid detection: hybrid simulation and analysis of hybrid laser shots have allowed us to evaluate the performance of this method. They also have made it possible to investigate the relative timing of both detectors which is essential for the considered technique. Finally, the data recorded during the Preproduction period have allowed us to check the precision of different detections:the surface detector alone, the fluorescence detector alone and the hybrid method. Thanks to these data, a preliminar comparison of energy values and an analysis of the arrival directions anisotropies have been done., Conçu pour mieux comprendre l'origine des rayons cosmiques aux ultra-hautes énergies, l'Observatoire Pierre Auger a commencé une période de prise de données devant s'étendre sur 20 années. Il pourra ainsi obtenir une statistique suffisante aux plus hautes énergies, pour déterminer l'existence ou non de la coupure GZK. Utilisant simultanément deux techniques de détection des gerbes atmosphériques, l'une au sol et l'autre par détection de la lumière de fluorescence, il devrait permettre de déterminer avec une précision sans précédent, aussi bien l'énergie de ces rayons cosmiques que leurs directions d'arrivée et leur nature. Apres une introduction sur les propriétés générales des rayons cosmiques, les modes de production aux plus hautes énergies sont présentes. Nous nous sommes ensuite attachés à un modèle particulier de production, considérant la désintégration de particules super massives reliques, le but étant de déterminer des contraintes sur les temps de vie de ces particules. Après avoir présenté les principes de détection des gerbes atmosphériques et l'Observatoire Pierre Auger, nous considérons la méthode hybride de détection : la mise en place d'une chaine de simulation et la realisation de tirs lasers hybrides ont permis de determiner les performances associées à ce type de détection ainsi que de vérifier la cohérence en temps des horloges des deux détecteurs, essentielle à la méthode utilisée. Enfin, les données de la phase de preproduction ont permis de vérifier les performances des différents types de reconstruction : par le détecteur de fluorescence seul, le detecteur au sol et par la méthode hybride. A partir de ces données, une première comparaison des énergies ainsi qu'une analyse des anisotropies ont été réalisées.
- Published
- 2004
5. Development of new methods for the analysis of two-body reactions: 1/2+0
- Author
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Urban, M
- Published
- 1973
6. [Validation of a French version of the 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire (fPQ16) in adolescents and young adults seeking help].
- Author
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Lejuste F, Pedron L, Bonnard E, Urban M, Morvan Y, Urben S, Gaillard R, Conus P, and Krebs MO
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- Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Prodromal Symptoms, Psychometrics, Self Report, Surveys and Questionnaires, Translating, Young Adult, Psychotic Disorders diagnosis
- Abstract
Introduction: The duration of untreated psychosis has been largely associated with poor outcomes in psychosis. Actual diagnostic tools may be used by very specialized teams and need sustained evaluation. We present a French version of a self-report questionnaire: the 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire (fPQ16). Our objective was to evaluate its predictive value for an ultra-high-risk state (UHR) or psychosis. The population enrolled was consulting in a young adults and adolescents center in Sainte-Anne hospital, Paris, France., Methods: PQ16 had first been translated into French and independently back translated and validated by the original authors. Between November 2016 and May 2018, every C'JAAD consulting patient was proposed to fill in the fPQ16. Each patient was next evaluated with the French version of the comprehensive assessment of at-risk mental state (CAARMS), which detects UHR or psychosis. Statistical analysis of fPQ16 concurrent validity was performed using ROC curves. fPQ16 acceptability was studied by four additional questions especially designed for that purpose., Results: One hundred participants were included. Mean age was 19.85years (SD 3.3 y). Fifty-eight percent of patients included were diagnosed with UHR (40%) or psychotic (18%) state after CAARMS evaluation. Mean score at fPQ16 was 5.7 (SD 3.8). Best cut-off score was 4 positive items, with excellent sensibility (91%) and correct specificity (60%). Positive predictive value of fPQ16 was 76%. Area under the curve was 0.85 (P<0.0001). fPQ16 showed good acceptability., Discussion: fPQ16 had good screening performances in our population. Cut-off score was lower than in previous studies, but performances were equal or better. As a well-accepted and short questionnaire, the fPQ16 could be a great screening tool in primary care. A version with 18-items, including two items focused on thought content and disorganization that are missing in PQ16, is under evaluation., (Copyright © 2021 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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7. [Association between neurologic involvement and lower urinary tract dysfunction and their symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis].
- Author
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Zachoval R, Palascak P, Urban M, Zalesky M, Heracek J, and Lukes M
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- Disabled Persons, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis complications, Urologic Diseases complications, Urologic Diseases diagnosis, Multiple Sclerosis physiopathology, Nervous System physiopathology, Urinary Tract physiopathology, Urologic Diseases physiopathology
- Abstract
Objective: To establish an association between different types and degrees of neurological involvement and lower urinary tract dysfunctions and their symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis., Patients and Methods: The studied group comprises 84 patients with multiple sclerosis with an average of 42.1 years in whom neurological and urological functional involvement had been evaluated. Neurological involvement had been evaluated using Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score; urinary tract dysfunctions have been diagnosed by urodynamic examinations and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) using the micturition questionnaire., Results: 1) An association between neurological involvement and lower urinary tract dysfunctions: detrusor hyperreflexia depends on the degree of pyramidal system involvement and the presence of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia depends on overall disability and the degree of pyramidal system involvement. 2) An association between lower urinary tract dysfunctions and LUTS: obstructive symptoms depend on the presence of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. 3) An association between neurological involvement and LUTS has not been established., Conclusion: An association between neurological involvement, lower urinary tract dysfunctions and their symptoms has been found. Based on this knowledge, it is possible to simplify the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in certain groups of patients.
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- 2003
8. [Oxidants and antioxidants. Biological effects and therapeutic perspectives].
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Urban T, Hurbain I, Urban M, Clément A, and Housset B
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- Antidotes metabolism, Antidotes therapeutic use, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Catalase metabolism, Catalase therapeutic use, Free Radicals metabolism, Glutathione metabolism, Glutathione therapeutic use, Humans, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Antioxidants metabolism, Phagocytosis physiology, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism
- Abstract
The main oxidizing free radicals (FR) are oxygen-derived metabolites (superoxide anion O2-, hydrogen peroxide H2O2, hydroxyl radical OH (zero)), hypochloric acid, chloramines, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and lipid peroxides. They are produced continually by living organisms, either in the intracellular compartment by the mitochondrial respiratory chain and mixed function oxidase system, or in the extracellular compartment, especially by phagocytes. The body possesses complex protective antioxidant systems against this potentially toxic production, such as dismutase superoxides, catalase, the glutathione enzyme system, metallic ion sequestration, enzymes degrading proteins injured by FR, metabolising hydroperoxides, and repairing DNA, and vitamins E, C, P, and betacarotene. A physiological steady-state is established under normal conditions between the production of oxidants and their neutralization by antioxidants. Oxidative lesions result from a disturbance of the oxidant-antioxidant balance. Oxygen-derived metabolites act on polyunsaturated cell membrane lipids, induce genetic alterations, and oxidize sulfhydryl groups of proteins, thereby modifying their functions. FR are involved in major physiological mechanisms such as phagocytosis, the inflammatory reaction, and the reperfusion ischaemia phenomenon observed during organ storage. The therapeutic use of enzymatic (SOD, catalase, GSH) and nonenzymatic antioxidants (vitamins E, N-acetylcysteine, allopurinol and oxypurinol) has yet to be evaluated. The current state of our knowledge indicates the extreme complexity of these systems and calls for caution in the therapeutic use of antioxidant substances.
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- 1995
9. [Enlargement of parotid glands during anorexia nervosa].
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Alvarez-Sala JL, Urban MA, Sicilia JJ, and Espinos D
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Hypertrophy, Anorexia Nervosa etiology, Parotid Gland pathology
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- 1980
10. [A technic of perfusion of the isolated rabbit liver].
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FINCKER L, DORNER M, FRICK A, and URBAN M
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- Animals, Rabbits, Digestion, Liver physiology, Perfusion
- Published
- 1962
11. [Restoration of the renal concentrating power of the hypothyroid rat by thyroxin].
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JAHN H, REVILLE P, URBAN M, and STEPHAN F
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- Animals, Rats, Hypothyroidism, Kidney physiology, Thyroxine pharmacology
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- 1962
12. [Study of the role of hypoadrenocorticism in the mechanism of lowering the concentrating power of the kidney of the hypothyroid rat].
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REVILLE P, JAHN H, URBAN M, and STEPHAN F
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- Animals, Rats, Adrenal Cortex, Adrenal Insufficiency, Adrenalectomy, Desoxycorticosterone, Hypothyroidism, Kidney, Kidney Tubules, Propylthiouracil, Thyroxine
- Published
- 1963
13. [Ascites and reversible experimental edema in dogs researches on the role of nutrition, portal pressure and antidiuretic factors].
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STAHL J, STEPHAN F, JAHN H, URBAN M, and BORD G
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- Animals, Dogs, Ascites, Disease, Diuresis, Edema, Portal Pressure, Portal System, Protein Deficiency
- Published
- 1954
14. [Effect of thyroid insufficiency on the concentration of urea, sodium and potassium in the urine of the rat].
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STEPHAN F, JAHN H, REVILLE P, and URBAN M
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- Animals, Rats, Body Fluids, Disease, Potassium urine, Sodium urine, Sodium, Dietary, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Gland, Urea urine, Urinalysis
- Published
- 1961
15. [ACTION OF CHRONIC THYROID INSUFFICIENCY ON URINARY OUTPUT AND CONCENTRATING POWER OF THE KIDNEY IN RATS].
- Author
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STEPHAN F, JAHN H, REVILLE P, and URBAN M
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- Rats, Diuresis, Hypothyroidism, Kidney, Kidney Function Tests, Physiology, Research
- Published
- 1963
16. [Diminution of the osmotic power of rat urines by chronic hypothyroidism].
- Author
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STEPHAN F, JAHN H, REVILLE P, and URBAN M
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- Animals, Rats, Body Fluids, Hypothyroidism, Osmosis, Urine
- Published
- 1962
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