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The distribution of city gas to consumers as clean energy has expanded. Despite its expansion, the trend can run into a drop in consumer demand. This can be the case if factors that control its growth are improperly managed. Hence, regulating the variables are of critical relevance. The data movement from year to year continues to show an expanding tendency with reference to the Indonesian city gas industry. This study can further improve knowledge of Indonesia's city gas distribution industry and to paint a clearer picture of a number of latent variables that need to be taken into account in order to distribute natural gas to Indonesian cities as efficiently as possible. The Structured Equation Technique (SEM)was the methodology employed in this investigation. In a more detailed explanation, the association between indicators and latent variables is examined using path analysis, which is derived from multivariate regression, in order to assess the validity of the multiple regression model. In keeping with the research methodology, data from indicators of city gas distribution companies during the period 2010-2020 were grouped and sorted by the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. These indicators included income, the number of employees paid, the volume of city gas distributed, and operational costs. The purpose of this research is to produce information that can be used by the government and other stakeholders to accelerate the development of Indonesia's gas distribution business. This study's novelty or worth lies in its ability to shed light on the influence of latent variables that hold the status as moderating variables. Study limitations: Because non-disclosure primary data are not readily available and secondary data are scarce, it is assumed that the information from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency is reliable and can be used to describe the explanatory variables of the city gas distribution industry in Indonesia.

Phytochemical compounds present in Pisang Batu (Musa balbisiana Colla) can inhibit the growth of bacteria on the surface of a film. This study aims to determine the effect of the anti-biofilm capacity of Pisang Batu extract ( Musa balbisiana Colla) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to determine significant differences in the antibiofilm capacity of Pisang Batu extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study used an experimental method consisting of 6 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment group was a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, positive control (Ciprofloxacin ), and negative control (CMC 1%). Measurement of biofilm inhibition was obtained from the reading of the Optical Density Value on the tool spectrophotometer which then calculated the percentage inhibition biofilm. Data were analyzed using the One Way Anova Test and then Duncan’s Post Hoc test was carried out. The results showed that Pisang Batu extract had an effect on the antibiofilm effect of Pisang Batu extract (Musa balbisiana Colla) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria where at a concentration of 100% an inhibition percentage value of 39.8% was obtained, a concentration of 75% obtained an inhibition percentage value of 58.03%, 50% concentration obtained inhibition percentage value of 28.11%, 25% concentration obtained inhibition percentage value of 18.06%, control positive (Ciprofloxacin ) obtained an inhibition percentage value of 95.19% and negative control (CMC 1%) obtained an inhibition percentage value of 0%. Then after further testing, a significant difference was obtained for all treatment groups with the best concentration obtained at a concentration of 75%.

This study aims to obtain endophytic bacteria on Banana Hump (Musa Balbisiana Colla), know its ability to produce antimicrobial compounds and determine the identity of endophytic bacteria producing antimicrobial compounds. This research is quantitative descriptive research. Isolation of endophytic bacteria based on streak plate method and activity analysis antimicrobials using the Kirby Bauer method. Identification of endophytic bacteria based on morphological characteristics and molecular. The results showed that there was one type of endophytic bacteria that had the potential to have antibacterial activity hinder Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the diameter of the inhibition zone on the test bacteria Eschercia colii.e. 8,10 and on Staphylococcus aureus 7.76mm. Bacterial isolates identified as Enterobacter ronggenkampii are closely related to Enterobacter ronggenkampii strain colony 354 chromosomes with a similarity index of 99.22%.

Thermal comfort in office buildings is instrumental in improving the productivity of employees while maintaining their health. The primary objectives of this research were to analyze the comfort temperature in Japanese office buildings and investigate its relationship with outdoor air temperature. Additionally, we examined the differences in comfort temperatures with respect to closed and opened windows to factor in the increase in the opening of windows during the COVID-19 pandemic when air-conditioning systems were operated. We investigated the environmental conditions of office buildings and the thermal comfort of the occupants through monthly visits to each office building over a year. Field data were collected from four office buildings located in Nagasaki City, with 1047 votes obtained from 143 participants. The survey indicated that the occupants were highly satisfied with the thermal environment in their offices. The correlation between indoor comfort temperature and outdoor temperature was high in the FR mode. Based on the analysis, we developed an adaptive model for office buildings in Nagasaki City and compared it with existing adaptive models used for buildings in other regions of Japan. The proposed model is useful for energy-saving designs that bring out human adaptive capacity.

This study focuses on the behavioural aspects of the occupants in Japanese office buildings. The behavioural adaptations such as window opening, heating/cooling use, clothing adjustments are important contributor factors for the adaptive thermal comfort. Therefore, understanding the behavioural aspects of the office workers can lead to have the guidelines to explain the mechanism of the adaptive model. The main aim of this study is to identify the differences in behavioural adaptation of the occupants in Japanese office buildings. Environmental parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, and so on were measured in five mixed-mode office buildings located in Aichi prefecture were analysed for 15 months’ survey with 35 occupants. Thermal comfort survey together with the occupants’ behavioural survey were conducted in these office buildings. An adaptive relationship can be derived to estimate the indoor comfort temperature estimated by Griffiths method from the prevailing outdoor temperature. The results suggest that the proportion of heating and cooling use is related to the outdoor air temperature. The proportion of clothing adjustment is different for the different modes and are correlated to the outdoor air temperature. The acknowledge of the adaptive thermal comfort and the occupant behaviour of the selected buildings will be fruitful in designing the building with maximum thermal comfort in the future.

This study was undertaken to investigate seasonal adaptation to temperature in Japanese offices, with a view to suggesting an adaptive model for them. We measured temperatures in seven office buildings and conducted thermal comfort transverse surveys of occupants for over a year in the Aichi prefecture of Japan. We collected 1,228 samples. The occupants were found to be highly satisfied with the thermal environment in their offices. Even though the Japanese government recommends the indoor temperature of 28 °C for cooling and 20 °C for heating, we found that the comfort temperature was 2.8 °C lower in cooling mode and 4.3 °C higher in heating mode, in line with the actual indoor temperatures. The monthly variation in the temperature in the investigated offices was significantly lower than had been found in dwellings. An adaptive relationship can be derived to estimate the indoor comfort temperature from the prevailing outdoor temperature for similar office buildings.

Japan's goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2050 requires both efficient use of facilities and maintenance of comfort for office workers in office buildings. In this paper, we clarify comfort temperatures from adaptive model in an office building in Hokkaido, as well as examine the factors that influence a more comfortable office environment. In the thermal comfort declaration, “Neutral” was the most declared in the MX mode (ventilated environment regardless of heating/cooling use), and the office workers were satisfied with the thermal environment. The comfort temperature was around 25°C in both MX and HT modes (heated environment), and a positive correlation was observed between the comfort temperature and the moving average outdoor temperature in MX mode, which led us to propose an adaptive model. Although the outdoor temperature in this model was about 8 °C lower than in previous studies, the comfort temperature was within the same range. There was no correlation between the amount of clothing worn by workers and their perception of cold and heat, but there was a positive correlation with the amount of activity.

La vicenda degli Internati Militari Italiani dopo l’8 settembre in Germania è una pagina di storia su cui la storiografia ha taciuto per lungo tempo. Le ragioni sono molteplici e attengono al giudizio storico sugli anni del fascismo e sulla memoria della resistenza. Dare voce ai sopravvissuti, riportando le loro testimonianze orali, significa interrogarsi sui caratteri di quella zona grigia, la cui analisi deve partire dal rifiuto delle categorie dicotomiche fascismo antifascismo. Gli internati siciliani rappresentano un caso studio di grande interesse a causa dello status peculiare della loro terra d’origine. Liberata dagli Alleati, la Sicilia non prese parte al movimento resistenziale interno ma i deportati in Germania parteciparono a una forma resistenziale alternativa

The aim of the contribution is to briefly present the website www.campifascisti.it, to illustrate its goals and to account for the main ways in which it was actually used by the audience. The assessment is overall positive.

The U.S. Chemical Safety Board (CSB), an independent, non-regulatory federal agency that investigates the root causes of major chemical incidents, has firstly analyzed safety culture as an important element to maintain process safety in the investigation report of “BP America Refinery Explosion” in 2007. On the same year, the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) published Risk Based Process Safety (RBPS) in which process safety culture was newly added as an element. The author found six CSB reports which analyzed the weaknesses of safety culture and related them to the essential features of process safety culture in RBPS. Discussions are made on the results of the relations.

The former Koshien Hotel is an historic Japanese architectural structure, where two different tuffs called Nikkaseki and Tatsuyamaishi were used to build the exterior. Despite its cultural significance, the building’s exterior is deteriorating in many ways, with water permeation being the main factor. In this study, the hygrothermal properties of both Nikkaseki and Tatsuyamaishi were measured in order to examine the correlation between deterioration mechanisms and the tuff characteristics in detail. The basic physical properties, pore size distribution, vapor permeability, hydraulic conductivity, and sorption isotherm were measured. The results of a comparison of two tuffs led us to hypothesize that the main reason behind Nikkaseki’s deterioration is expansive freezing, while that of Tatsuyamaishi is caused by repeating dehydration or dry-wet cycles.

In recent years, Mental and physical health of office workers is regarded as a problem and the office buildings which improve workers’ wellness. The WELL Building Standard was announced with the aim of improving the health condition of building users in 2014. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the improvement of the health condition of the office workers who work at the office applying WELL Building Standard. To achieve this purpose, low-score office and high-score office for WELL Building Standard scores were created by changing the indoor environment and furniture in the office, and subject experiments in which we perform the work were conducted in each condition. From the experimental results, we propose environmental control and introduction furniture to verify changes in health condition of office workers, to improve the wellness of building users, and to bring synergy effects to health. It was confirmed that working at plural spaces which workers chose themselves.

This study reports the main findings from a series of human subject experiments, where the subjects were exposed to the different indoor environments created by different cooling systems. The studied systems were a radiant cooling system (chilled ceiling and mixing ventilation, CCMV), and a combined radiant and convective cooling system (radiant diffuse ceiling ventilation, RDCV). The experiments were conducted in a climate chamber under controlled conditions. The climate chamber was configured as a two-person office room. 24 human subjects (12 female and 12 male) were chosen. The exposure lasted three hours and the participants were allowed to work on their own tasks (normal office work) during the exposure. The cooling load was 54 W/m2 and the room temperature at a reference location was kept constant at 26°C (summer conditions). The results show that under both systems, whole body thermal sensation was between slightly warm and neutral (closer to neutral with the RDCV system), and the overall thermal acceptability was almost the same for both systems (close to clearly acceptable). The satisfaction of the human subjects with the thermal environment was very close under the two systems; between satisfactory and slightly satisfactory (closer to satisfactory). Air movement acceptability (slightly higher and closer to clearly acceptable with the RDCV system) was also very close with the two systems. The results of the human subject experiments agree well with the physical measurements of the thermal indoor environment and confirm that the studied systems created very similar thermal indoor environments.

This paper examines theoretical and methodological aspects related to the writing of history in the Digital Age. It’s a sort of introduction on some issues and problems on the relationship between history and the Internet in the early years of the century (2001-2011). We highlight mainly problems concerning the use of historical sources and documents available in cyberspace. It’s especially about issues regarding the use of hypertext as a new way for a reference system more virtual than the classical footnotes system.

This article introduces the experience of the Environment & Society Portal (www.environmentandsociety.org), one of the most important projects developed by the Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society in Munich. The Environment & Society Portal is online from the beginning of 2012 and it provides the academic community and the general public with original essays, virtual tours and multimedia features, books, articles, sources and several materials related to the so-called ‘environmental humanities’.

«Ricordo che non avevamo una lira, un foglio di carta con stampato Regione non l’avevamo, una sedia non l’avevamo, una macchina per girare non l’avevamo, non avevamo niente. Quando entrai nel mio studio di Presidente feci col campanello per chiamare il segretario di Palazzo d’Orleans, il palazzo del Duca di Aosta, poi diventato il palazzo della Regione. Chiesi all’uomo della carta per fare un telegramma al Capo dello Stato, intendevo comunicare al Presidente che noi eravamo sinceramente unitari ed eravamo contro il separatismo. Non c’era carta intestata, allora presi un foglio di carta che avevo con me, la penna e scrissi un telegramma, ma non sapevo come spedirlo, noi non avevamo ancora nessuna legge che dicesse che eravamo organo dello Stato, chiamai allora il segretario dell’Alto Commissario, ma mi risposero che stavano raccogliendo le loro cose per andare via. Ero Presidente ma non potevo neanche scrivere al Capo dello Stato e ai prefetti per rapportarmi con loro e per fare sapere loro che li avrei tutelati, mi aiutò allora il Prefetto di Palermo che spedì le mie comunicazioni a Roma e nelle province. Riuscì ad avere tutti i poteri dell’Alto Commissario tramite un apposita legge e allora cominciai ad operare».

Il separatismo di Finocchiaro Aprile si è imposto sulla scena politica siciliana subito dopo l’occupazione alleata dell’isola. Ma dove affondano le radici ideologiche del movimento separatista? Quali sono state le finalità perseguite dal MIS (Movimento Indipendentista Siciliano)? Quale influenza politica ha esercitato il movimento nella fase di transizione? Quanto ha pesato la presenza del movimento separatista nell’elaborazione – per come si è conformato – dello Statuto siciliano?

Lo storico Giuseppe Carlo Marino affronta alcuni dei temi più rilevanti della storia siciliana del Novecento. Attraverso una lucida analisi, l’autonomismo, il separatismo, il ruolo dei partiti politici e il fenomeno mafioso sono analizzati alla luce della visione storiografica di Marino. Le domande sono state elaborate da Deborah Paci, Alessandro Petralia e Fausto Pietrancosta L’intervista è stata realizzata da Deborah Paci e Fausto Pietrancosta a Pontassieve (FI) il 24 maggio 2010.

Le vicende relative ai Comitati di Liberazione Nazionale in Sicilia sono emblematiche della differente evoluzione della fase postfascista in cui incorsero il Nord e il Sud dell’Italia. Ad una massiccia renitenza alla leva seguì lo sbarco degli anglo-americani, che, di fatto, segnò la fine della guerra per l’Isola. L’esperienza del Pd’A in Sicilia prova che esso non fu un movimento di massa, sia per il suo indirizzo prettamente intellettuale, sia per l’ambiguità ideologica dei suoi leader, che, come Purpura, avevano avuto dei contatti piuttosto assidui nel periodo precedente allo sbarco degli Alleati con Andrea Finocchiaro Aprile e, durante il Ventennio, non avevano mostrato particolare ostilità nei confronti del regime fascista. Il Pd’A siciliano finì per rivelarsi inadeguato al contesto politico-sociale dell’Isola.