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Questo contributo propone una riflessione intorno agli accordi di Saretto redatti e firmati nel maggio 1944 da resistenti italiani e maquisards francesi. Tra le montagne, alla frontiera franco-italiana, sono due filoni politico-intellettuali affini d’ispirazione socialista, laica e democratica che, in piena Seconda Guerra mondiale, si ritrovano per porre le basi di una comune ricostruzione europea in nome di valori condivisi e ancora attuali quali le libertà democratiche e la giustizia sociale. La prima parte del saggio definisce anzitutto il contesto internazionale dei primi anni Quaranta, con riferimento particolare alla Francia e all’Italia, soffermandosi sulla concezione ideale, e internazionale, della battaglia antifascista. L’interesse si sposta poi sulle correnti europeiste in seno alla Resistenza francese e italiana (soprattutto piemontese), mettendo in risalto personaggi di primo piano come Henri Frenay, Silvio Trentin, Albert Camus. La seconda parte si concentra, invece, sui protagonisti degli incontri franco-italiani, tra cui Detto Dalmastro, Dante Livio Bianco e Duccio Galmimberti per la Resistenza italiana e Jacques Lécuyer, Jean Lippmannn e Max Juvénal per quella francese. Dopo aver esposto i contenuti elaborati a Saretto, l’articolo s’interroga su alcune ragioni che ne hanno impedito la realizzazione concreta. Lo scopo è di contribuire a una storia transnazionale della Resistenza attraverso l’analisi di un evento tuttora poco studiato. Nonostante il processo di costruzione europea cominci nel secondo dopoguerra muovendo da ispirazioni funzionaliste, simili documenti storici sono di fondamentale importanza per comprendere la pluralità del pensiero europeista. Keywords Accordi di Saretto – Europeismo – Diplomazia partigiana – Resistenza francese e italiana – Seconda Guerra mondiale Abstract This paper proposes a study of the Saretto agreements drafted and signed in May 1944 by Italian resistance fighters and French maquisards. In the mountains, on the French-Italian border, there are two similar political-intellectual strands of socialist, secular and democratic inspiration which, in the middle of the Second World War, came together to lay the foundations for a common European reconstruction in the name of shared and still current values such as democratic freedoms and social justice. The first part of the essay primarily defines the international context of the early 1940s, with particular reference to France and Italy, dwelling on the ideal, and international, conception of the anti-fascist battle. The interest then turns to the Europeanist currents within the French and Italian Resistance (especially Piedmontese), highlighting leading figures such as Henri Frenay, Silvio Trentin, Albert Camus. The second part focuses, instead, on the protagonists of the Franco-Italian meetings, including Detto Dalmastro, Dante Livio Bianco and Duccio Galmimberti for the Italian Resistance and Jacques Lécuyer, Jean Lippmannn and Max Juvénal for the French one. After having exposed the contents elaborated in Saretto, the article questions some of the reasons that prevented its concrete realization. The aim is to contribute to a transnational history of the Resistance through the analysis of an event that is still little studied. Although the process of European construction began after the Second World War, moving from functionalist inspirations, such historical documents are of fundamental importance to understand the plurality of Europeanist thought. Keywords Saretto Agreements - Europeism - Partisan Diplomacy - French and Italian Resistance - Second World War

Starting from a brief de-functionalizing analysis of the info-spectacular society, the essay explores the pervasiveness of the repressive-disciplining forms which are increasingly affecting the behaviors of the individualities in the info-spherical dominion. In particular, the paper focuses on what will be defined the “serializing” and highlights some repetitive-determinant aspects of the video-seriality that are involved in the processes of “over-codification” imposed by the infosphere on the anthropo-sphere. In order to define the serializing will be taken in exam both the possible evolutions of the Gelassenheit and the “dispositiviness” imposed by info-securitarian post- democracies through the hard and soft repressive systems. In this perspective we will postulate that every cybernetic singularity is info-determined by a “code-valuable string” that seems to be capable of maintaining a continuous over-codification of the imaginary and of the human behavior.

O presente artigo resulta de uma pesquisa realizada durante 2004, em um bairro popular de Salvador, com o objetivo de compreender os processos de significação da morte, apresentados por um grupo de crianças pré-escolares, que se encontravam em uma situação de vulnerabilidade social. O intuito primordial não foi descrever tais significados, mas compreender como o contexto vivenciado, intermediado pelas relações com pais e outros educadores, promoviam o surgimento de determinadas falas e comportamentos por parte das crianças. No contexto investigado, as crianças se encontravam expostas a mortes decorrentes de conflitos relacionados ao tráfico de drogas. Para atingir tal objetivo, foi desenvolvido um estudo exploratório, em uma creche, na qual entrevistamos doze crianças, nove dos seus responsáveis e quatro educadores. Os instrumentos foram adequados de acordo com cada um dos grupos. Como resultado do estudo, observamos que, apesar das crianças conviverem com situações de violência e morte, os pais encontram grandes dificuldades em abordarem o tema com as mesmas que não obstante trazem, principalmente para a escola, através da fala e das brincadeiras, as experiências vividas em sua comunidade.This paper is the result of a research carried out in 2004, in a poor area of the city of Salvador. The objective was to understand the process of the meaning of death to a group of socially vulnerable preschool children. The study focused on the children's social network of parents and other educators in order to understand how these relationships gave a social basis to the construction of death meanings. In the social context of investigation, the children were frequently exposed to deaths caused by drug related conflicts. The research was carried out as an exploratory study, in a day care center with twelve children, nine of their caretakers and four teachers. The instruments were adapted to each group. As a result of this study, we observed that the parents had a hard time approaching the subject of violence and death with the children, although they lived in a context of violence and death. Nevertheless, these children would bring to school, through play and talk, their experiences of violence and death in their community.

Studies of urban public policy in Italy heretofore have highlighted the absence of attention to urban questions in the national political agenda until 1990, and afterwards the fragmentation of public initiatives, due to the lack of effective tools for coordination and governance. The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of urban public policy, as it has been carried out in Italy. This paper follows the framework of previous studies in urban policy, utilizing a typological model that proposes two types of national initiatives for urban areas: direct and indirect urban policies. This analysis enables us to propose answers to the following research questions: I) how, when and why have urban issues entered the nation-state agenda in Italy? II) does in fact an urban policy exist in Italy? and if so, what are its main characteristics? III) what are the main explicative factors lying behind the persistent fragmentation of urban policies in Italy?

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