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The environmental transition, and more specifically the energy transition, represents today a new challenge for territories and our Planet Earth, to the understanding of which geographers contribute with their analytical tools, and by participating in interdisciplinary research institutions, such as the Institute of Environmental Transition at the Sorbonne University (SU-ITE). After recalling the multiple definitions of transition, and the approaches that can be associated with it, the objectives of SU-ITE are presented. An example of the contribution of geographers to this institute is presented, the analysis and mapping of the discourses of the nations having concluded the Paris agreement on climate change. These methods prove to be relevant for understanding the new world divisions and for anticipating the limits of the application of this agreement, 5 years after COP 21.