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The Sunda Strait tsunami in December 2018 damaged coral reef ecosystems in the Banten coastal area, including Badul Island waters. This condition potentially affects directly to the trophic level of the reef fish community. The purpose of this study was to determine the trophic level of the reef fish community in the waters of Badul Island after a tsunami. The research was conducted in April 2022 at four sampling stations (North, West, South and East) in the Badul Island waters. Reef fish survey using Underwater Visual Census with a 50 m line transect at a depth of 3 – 5 m. Reef fish identified during the study were grouped based on trophic level (carnivore, planktivore, omnivore, herbivore and corallivore). From this research identify 264 individu with 30 species from 17 Family of reef fish. Small waters area around Badul Island made possible reef fish from 4 sampling stations still in same population. The highest abundance of reef fish was found on the west side of Badul Island (128 ind/250 m2). Number species of reef fish founded the highest in East side with 14 species. The highest abundance of reef fish, based on trophic level, was approximately 74 ind/250 m2 of carnivore fish on the western side of the island.

Bearing capacity is a value used to determine the ability of soil to withstand the pressure and load of a construction. One of the methods to increase bearing capacity of soft clay soil is use geotextile material as reinforcement material. The use of geotextile requires high operational costs, so it needs alternative replacement materials with lower prices and easily available, one of which is woven bamboo. The soft clay soil came from Purwosuman Village, Sidoharjo District, Sragen Regency, Central Java with a planned water content of 60.00% and was saturated. The parameters studied were the effect of depth variation using a footing width ratio of 100 mm (B) there are 0.5B, 1B, 1.5B, and 2B accompanied by the width of reinforcement at each depth variation based on the theory of pressure distribution in the soil 2 Vertical: 1 Horizontal. This study conducted physical properties of soil and loading frame testing. Based on the test, the maximum load retained by the soil with reinforcement is greater than the soil without reinforcement by 2455.71%. From the results of the analyses reviewed, the greater the dimension of the reinforcement width, the greater the maximum load value that will be able to withstand.

The need for quicklime has led to increased utilization of used oil as a substitute for fuel in its combustion process. Mahaka Lime Factory produces SO2 and NOX, which are emitted through the chimney and proportional to lime burning. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the distribution of the emission concentration in the ambient air. One of the methods used to facilitate the monitoring process to ensure it is kept below the quality standard is dispersion modeling. This is an analytical model processed with the help of AERMOD software and the Gaussian equation. The SO2 concentrations of 0.001 mg/m3 and 0.001 mg/m3, as well as NOX of 0.027 mg/m3 and 0.044 mg/m3 obtained from the calculation, were below the applicable quality standard. Furthermore, emission concentrations directly observed were more significant than the Gaussian modeling results due to the presence of other pollutants around the factory. In conclusion, the dispersion modeling using AERMOD software showed that the largest and lowest distribution of emission concentrations are in the cliff area around the emission source and on the ground surface close to the chimney.

Concrete is a material that is often used in construction in Indonesia. Concrete has the disadvantage that it tends to form cracks. The cracks that form start from small cracks and then enlarge, causing a decrease in quality. Self-healing concrete is a type of concrete that could repair itself with the help of healing agents in the form of bacteria. There are several methods of mixing bacteria into concrete, one of which is by mixing bacteria directly or using a shell which is often called encapsulation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of the addition of Bacillus Megaterium bacterial encapsulation in terms of compressive strength of concrete with encapsulation proportions of 0%, 2% and 4% by volume weight and using alginate-based shells. The samples used were 15 x 30 cm cylindrical specimens. These specimens were then tested after 7 days and 28 days. Based on test result, it was found that the highest compressive strength was obtained when 2% alginate capsules were added on day 7 and day 28, namely 25.6 MPa and 32.2 MPa. Concrete begun to heal after 2 weeks of curing based on visual observation.

Drinking water is a necessity for all living organisms and should be of good quality and free from hazardous contaminants. Chemical agents such as nitrate, nitrite, selenium, chromium, cadmium, manganese, cyanide, and fluoride can contaminate drinking water. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the health risks associated with these chemical agents and their potentially harmful effects on workers. The Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) method was used to evaluate the chemical agents present in the Concentrating Division area of PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI). It was discovered that the average concentration values of all chemical agents were below the Environmental Health Quality Standards (EHQS) established in the Minister of Health Regulation Number 2 of 2023. The risk quotient (RQ) results, obtained through the division of intake and reference dose (RfD), were less than 1 (RQ

Work stress can arise from within or from outside the organization, the cause of which is often felt by workers. Work stress is included in occupational diseases and generally comes from the amount or lack of understanding of the work. The purpose of this study is to diagnose work stress on employees in the HSE Department of the Concentrating Division of PT Freeport Indonesia, which is assessed through 6 aspects contained in the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 5 of 2018. Type of research is semi-quantitative, with a cross-sectional research design. The research method uses a survey, and the sampling technique used is a saturated sample. The survey results show that the overall level of work stress on employees is 2.81. This value indicates that the level of work stress felt by employees of the HSE Division is classified as mild, because the score obtained is less than 9. The mean aspect of role ambiguity is 2.73; role conflict 2.76; quantitative work overload 2.75; qualitative work overload 2.87; career development 3; and responsibility towards others 2.74. Based on these values, it can be concluded that each employee of the HSE Department has high accountability from each function as well as the division of personal responsibility to regulate the determination of work priorities and rest periods. However, the majority of employees still feel that there are some tasks that are deemed unnecessary, the existence of high skill expectations from superiors, and the lack of opportunities for promotion or career development within the organization which can be a stressor in the department.

The limited capacity of human resources (HR) that is competent in their field often causes the less than optimal utilization of the marine and fisheries resources in Indonesia. Maritime and Fishery Vocational Schools (MFVS) can be the solution to this problem, as they are expected to generate capable and competitive human resources; thus, utilizing and sustainably managing the vast marine resources in Indonesia, and in turn improving the efforts taken to advance Indonesian people’s welfare. However, the level of employment for MFVS graduates in Indonesia is still limited to large scale fishing activities. Additionally, since the launch of Moratorium License of Fishery Commerce of Fishery States in the Republic of Indonesia (56/PERMEN-KP/2014) by the Indonesian Ministry of Marine and Fisheries (IMMaF), most fishery companies have ceased to operate. The study aimed to determine the impact caused by this regulation against the level of employment of MFVS graduates, as well as the scheme of policies that should be applied to maximize the human resources in the field of marine and fisheries. This research used a qualitative method, where the descriptive analysis was used as a primary tool of analysis. The results of the analysis indicated that the trend of employment of MFVS graduates shifted after the enactment of this policy. The lack of synergy between policies in the field of marine and fisheries and policies in the field of education and transportation resulted in the difficulty of MFVS graduates to achieve a good career in this field..

Indonesia dominates about 76% of nutmeg production and export in the world, where around 28.26% is produced in North Moluccas and 24.25% of its from North Halmahera. The objectives of this study were to reduce the biotic stress, increase the yield and improve the quality of the nutmeg produced by Tarakani Farmer Group in Galela District. (1) the Morphology of dry fruit rot disease in each stratum and (2) nutmeg cultivation system collected through interviews; and (3) climatic data, including temperature, and rainfall obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency of Galela District. This study was conducted at west Galela District and Tarakani Farmer Group. The farmers implemented the sanitation techniques of the crops; i.e.: pruning, collection and pile up/bury of the dropped fruits and fumigation by burning some leaves of local trees and biotic stress be controlled. During one year a grade A of nutmeg increased from 5.7 tons to 37.6 tons or increased from 17.6% to 38.2%. Nutmeg grade C reduced from 40% to 25%%. This effort will still be forwarded by utilizing biological agents to reduce biotic stress, such as Trichoderma spp. to control fungal pathogens and Bacillus thurigiensis to pest control.

The changes of environmental management system standards into the latest version, i.e. ISO 14001:2015, may cause a change on a data and information need in decision making and achieving the objectives in the organization coverage. Information management is the organization’s responsibility to ensure that effectiveness and efficiency start from its creating, storing, processing and distribution processes to support operations and effective decision making activity in environmental performance management. The objective of this research was to set up an information management program and to adopt the technology as the supporting component of the program which was done by PTFI Concentrating Division so that it could be in line with the desirable organization objective in environmental management based on ISO 14001:2015 environmental management system standards. Materials and methods used covered technical aspects in information management, i.e. with web-based application development by using usage centered design. The result of this research showed that the use of Single Sign On gave ease to its user to interact further on the use of the environmental management system. Developing a web-based through creating entity relationship diagram (ERD) and information extraction by conducting information extraction which focuses on attributes, keys, determination of constraints. While creating ERD is obtained from relational database scheme from a number of database from environmental performances in Concentrating Division.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease often caused by high blood glucose levels and insufficient insulin production. This research aims to address the classification problem of diabetes mellitus using the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) method. The aim of this research is to create a machine learning model that can detect diabetes early. The study was conducted at Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Hospital in Bangkalan, utilizing data from 120 patients in 2019, employing data mining techniques to classify diabetes mellitus patients. Additionally, the steps in data mining involve determining significant variables or features for classification Cleansing and normalization and transformation. The research compares training test results with ratios of 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30. Experimental results show that K-NN with a neighbor value of K=11 achieves the highest accuracy rate of 83% a reduced error rate of 16.67%, and the highest AUC value of 0.7407. These results indicate that the 90:10 data split ratio yields the best model performance in terms of accuracy and class differentiation for diabetes mellitus, as well as the lowest error rate compared to other data split ratios. This study provides a better understanding of diabetes mellitus and demonstrates that K-NN is effective in addressing classification problems, focusing on specific variables that influence the disease. Therefore, it can be concluded that K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) is a suitable algorithm for classifying diabetes mellitus.

The development of Aedes spp, a type of mosquito, is closely tied to the water. They can adapt to different aquatic environments regardless of their characteristics. Understanding the traits of Aedes spp and the environmental factors that affect them is crucial for vector control. This study aimed to examine the impact of water acidity and salinity on the development of pre-imago Aedes spp. The observed developments included hatchability of eggs, ability to change from larvae to pupa (ecdysis), transformation from pupa to imago (explosion), and the longevity of the preimago stage. The research followed an experimental approach with a posttest only control group. Mosquito eggs obtained from Semarang Port Health Office Laboratory Semarang were used as research subjects. Data analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test. The tests for pre-imago development were carried out at different average acidity levels (5.2, 6.6, 7.2, 7.4, 8.5, and 9.3) and average salinity levels (0‰, 2‰, 4‰, 6‰, 8‰, 10‰), with four replications. The analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in the development of preimago Aedes spp under various water acidity conditions (egg hatchability pvalue = 0.736, ecdysis p-value = 0.814, explosion p-value = 0.591, longevity p-value = 0.227). However, the salinity analysis indicated different developments in pre-imago Aedes spp under varying salinity conditions (egg hatchability p-value = 0.006, ecdysis p-value = 0.001, explosion p-value = 0.001, longevity p-value = 0.003).

The new capital of Indonesia, which is currently under construction, has several major frameworks that underlie its development vision. One of them is to become a modern city with international standards that is progressive, innovative and competitive in various aspects, such as technology, architecture, urban planning and social issues. Apart from that, IKN will also be equipped with world-class infrastructure and connected to various other international city centers. The infrastructure that is built will then function over a period of time. In the future, this infrastructure will need maintenance, repair, and possibly replacement. These activities often require initial data when the infrastructure was built. If infrastructure repair activities are carried out far from the time of construction, it is often difficult to find the necessary data. This article discusses the importance of having final recorded data (as built data) available for infrastructure that has just been built so that in the future there will be no difficulties in rehabilitation and renovation activities. The study was carried out by taking old infrastructure assessment cases as examples, namely the plan to replace the Ketenger power plant penstock which is 84 years old and the rehabilitation plan for the Pelus River Bridge which is 52 years old. Both are located around a city that is not too big, namely Purwokerto, however, they can be used as a reference in developing the concept of as-built data which can be said to be a development of as-built drawings which have long been known in the world of construction. To support this concept, it is necessary to use the latest technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, internet of things, virtual reality and other technologies.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second cancer with the highest mortality rate in the world. The leading cause of death in colorectal cancer patients is cancer that has metastasized, with the most common site of metastasis being the liver. One of the signaling that regulates malignancy of cancer cells is TGF-β/Smad. Through activation of the Smad2/3/4, TGF-β regulates the EMT Transcription factors to activate Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) program. Tumor cells that have undergone EMT have migratory, invasive, and metastatic phenotypes. This study aims to know the differences mRNA expression of TGF-β, Smad2, and Smad4 in metastatic colorectal cancer and non-metastatic groups using real time PCR method. The results showed TGF-β and Smad2 expression in metastatic CRC was higher in the metastatic group than in the non-metastatic group. In contrast, Smad4 expression was found to be higher in the nonmetastatic group. The results suggest that TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway has a role in promoting metastasis and severity in CRC patients.

The presence of secondary metabolites in Moringa oleifera is the decisive factor for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Among the metabolites involved in this process, phenols and flavonoids in the plant extract are the two most important groups, acting both as reducing and stabilizing agents. M. oleifera, a well-known herb from Indonesia, was used in this study due to its exceptional properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory among others. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in the aqueous extract of M. oleifera leaves were determined, and the values were 62.01 ± 2.05 mg/g and 71.97 ± 0.94 mg/g, respectively. The synthesis factors including pH, extract volume, and temperature for the synthesis of AgNPs were optimized using the onefactor- at-a-time approach. The synthesis experiment showed that a pH of 8.0, an extract volume of 0.3 mL, and a temperature of 80°C resulted in the highest intensity of localized surface plasmon resonance at a wavelength of 419 nm, which favored the synthesis after 24 h of reaction time. Due to the remarkable content of metabolites, M. oleifera can be used as a promising candidate for the effective synthesis of AgNPs.

Due to increasing resistance, the accessibility of antimalarial medications is diminishing, necessitating the need for the development of novel drugs. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the examination of the malaria properties present in red guava leaves. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an water extract derived from red guava leaves (P. guajava L.) on the percentage of parasitemia in male mice (Mus musculus L. Swiss Webster). Additionally, the study sought to analyze the composition of phytochemical compounds in water extract obtained from red guava leaves. The findings demonstrated that the water extract of guava leaves (ADJB) and ART-ADJB (combination of artemisinin and ADJB), administered at doses of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg, effectively decreased the percentage of parasitemia. ED50 value of red guava leaf water extract is 0.7741 mg/Kg BB. In combination with artemisinin, ED50 decreases to 0.7357 mg/Kg BB. Artemisinin alone has an ED50 of 0.43 mg/Kg BB. The measured ED50 value indicates that the utilization of a combination of artemisinin with red guava leaf water extract has greater potential compared to the use of red guava leaf water extract alone. The ADJB extract contains phytochemical compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids.

Lead is a pollutant that is often found in various locations that may affect the behavior of living things. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of lead exposure on behavior changes in Drosophila melanogaster. Flies were grouped into four levels of lead exposure: 0, 100, 150 and 200 ppm for two generations. Behavioral observations were made before and after lead exposure. The observed behavior was the ability of the pupae to climb through the pupa position assay and the success and speed of the imago climbing through the adult climbing assay. As a result, higher exposure to lead tends to increase the percentage of pupae in the low zone. Pupae with tilted orientation always have the highest percentage in all groups, both in generation 0 and generation 2. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of covariance inform that lead exposure have no significant effect on climbing duration and climbing success. Overall, lead exposure has the potential to affect the behavior of D. melanogaster. Further studies involving other behavioral assays need to be conducted to observe the effect of lead on all behavioral variables.

Lead is a heavy metal that often contaminates the environment and human food. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of lead exposure on changes in the morphology of living things. Drosophila melanogaster was selected as a model organism while wing length and amount of wing damage were selected as objects of observation. By applying the pretest-posttest control group design, the flies were divided into four groups with different exposure conditions: 0, 100, 150 and 200 ppm. Lead exposure was given for two generations on fly culture medium. The analysis of covariance test results show that lead exposure has a significant effect on wing length. Furthermore, flies that were not exposed to lead were not damaged at all, while in the group exposed to lead there were always flies whose wings were not perfect. The Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that lead exposure had significant effect on the amount of wing imperfection. Based on the findings of this study, lead contamination for more than one generation needs to be considered more seriously because it has the potential to have a negative impact on the morphology of living things.

Environmental conditions are indicated to affect pupal orientation in Drosophila melanogaster. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in the number of upright, tilted, and flat pupae under 4 experimental conditions: uncontaminated conditions (condition 1), contaminated conditions for one generation (condition 2), contaminated conditions for two generations (condition 3), and the condition in which the contamination has been removed by five generations (condition 4). Each experiment involved 72 experimental units and each experimental unit consisting of one fruit fly culture. Each culture was derived from five pairs of wildtype fruit flies. The Kruskal-Wallis H Test was used as a hypothesis test while the Games-Howell was used for the post hoc test. The results of the analysis indicated that the pupal orientation was always significantly different in the four experimental conditions: condition 1 (χ2(2)=51.769, p

Indonesia has a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) (13.3%) of the total population and has become a significant concern in this region. Importantly, the same daily lifestyle was found in the Islamic boarding school with a huge population of teenagers. This study aimed to identify the basic profile of metabolic syndrome in teenagers at the Islamic Boarding School in East Java Province, Indonesia. The baseline data from 200 senior high school students were addressed to measure the individual’s blood pressure, total cholesterol level, BMI, fasting blood glucose level, HDL level, LDL level, and triglyceride level in the circulation. The results of this study showed that BMI, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure were significantly different in subjects with overweight-obesity symptoms (p

Rights-based small-scale fisheries management policies play a crucial role in supporting economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This research analyses the sustainability levels of such policies through a case study in Lasolo bay, North Konawe District. A qualitative analysis approach using the Quality Network Modelling System (QNMS) is employed to design scenarios that ensure the implemented policies have a positive impact on the sustainability of small-scale fisheries in the region. The analysis results indicate that the sustainability of these policies is significantly influenced by active community participation, fair rule implementation, and effective monitoring. This study provides insights for developing a more effective model of sustainable rights-based smallscale fisheries management policies in Lasolo bay and similar regions.

PT Tirta Investama Klaten Factory is a company that produces bottled drinking water. Most production activities use machines, but there are still activities carried out manually, namely in the packing area during box lifting activities. Box lifting activities that are carried out repeatedly over a certain period can potentially cause occupational diseases, namely musculoskeletal disorders. After conducting initial interviews with workers, it was discovered that workers in the packing area felt pain and tingling in their bodies. Based on these problems, it is necessary to measure and evaluate potential ergonomic hazards to identify potential health and worker protection problems due to ergonomic hazards. The method used SNI 9011:2021, a tool for measuring and evaluating potential ergonomic hazards in the workplace, and used QEC (Quick Exposure Checklist) to measure posture load from two points of view. The research results showed that the box lifting activity had the worst percentage exposure value of 76.14% and the worst ERF score of 7 (hazardous conditions). Apart from having an awkward posture, the results showed that symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders experienced by workers were also caused by factors such as age and length of service.

Indigenous tree species play an important yet underestimated role in tropical ecosystems’ carbon sequestration, mitigating global climate change. Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum), an indigenous tree species, is studied for its carbon sequestration capacity in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, an environmentally diverse location. Our comprehensive investigation included aboveground and belowground biomass, soil carbon concentration, and understory carbon content. The study found that tamanu stands can store carbon in their biomass, understorey, and soil, i.e., 54.2, 0.5, and 64 tons/ha, respectively. It was also shown that soil stores the most carbon because the Tamanu planted in this study area is still relatively young and has a relatively large space. This study also revealed the understory plants’ often overlooked role, increasing these ecosystems’ carbon sequestration capability. The need for comprehensive conservation programs considering carbon storage above and below ground is highlighted. The above discoveries contribute to creating efficient local climate mitigation policies and the global effort to combat climate change.

This study discusses the process of making an airspeed control device for wind tunnels using Arduino as the main component of the controller unit. Wind tunnel testing is carried out at varying airspeeds to obtain optimal results. The fan motor is not equipped with an air speed controller as an airflow generator. This research aims to make a tool that can control wind tunnel airspeed according to the testing needs. This research was conducted using the research and development method. The power supply voltage output is set at 11.19 Volts as the Arduino voltage source, and for other components such as LCDs, servo motors, relay modules, and anemometer sensors supplied from the Arduino mainboard plus and arranged in parallel with the power supply source reduced using a stepdown to 5.069 Volts. This subsonic wind tunnel's airflow speed control device can regulate the speed from 10 m/s to 13 m/s stably. This speed meets the requirements of a subsonic wind tunnel and can be used to visualize the airflow in the wind tunnel.

Rubber Conical Bonded (RCB) is a component that connects the wheel with the train bogie, which functions to dampen vibration and noise. This RCB is made of rubber. In this research, RCB vulcanizate will be made with a mixture of natural rubber (RSS 1) and rubber waste. Rubber waste is the residue from the production process of technical rubber goods or rubber technical goods that are no longer used. This rubber waste goes through a devulcanization process to be reused as a raw material. In this study, rubber waste derived from the residue of the production process was varied with the phr ratio as follows: RSS 1 / Rubber waste / Devulcanized rubber waste (RCB0: 100/0/0; RCB10: 90/10/0; RCB30: 70/30/0; RCB50: 50/50/0; RCB10X: 90/0/10; RCB30X: 70/0/30). The vulcanizate obtained was then subjected to physical characterization (before and after aging 24 hrs; 70oC) and compared with the technical specifications of the RCB. Physical characterization includes Tensile Strength (min 14 N/mm2), Tear Strength (min 26 N/mm2), Hardness Shore A (50±5), Elongation at Break (min 400%), and Compression Set (max 30%). The results show that all variations meet the specifications for tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness.

This study aims to optimize the formulation of natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) into a compound for applications in military vehicles when passing through various field conditions. Natural rubber types SIR 20 and RSS 1 were used with Carbon Black types N220 and N550 as fillers. In this study, samples that were both normal and samples that had aged for 72 hours at 70°C were created. The results showed that the mixture of RSS 1 - CB N220 (i.e., 100 phr–75 phr) influenced strength and stiffness. The physical and mechanical properties of the specimens, including curing time, tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, and compression set had been defined. By utilizing the resulting mechanical characteristics, rubber compounds are optimized to meet the specific requirements of airless tires, including durability, comfort, and performance. It is anticipated to create an airless tire that provides essential performance while reducing the risk of punctures and flats.

The performance of pneumatic fenders in seawater is crucial to ensure safety and serviceability. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the performance of compound formulations of two different types of carbon black N660 and N220 at various NR/EPDM (Natural Rubber/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) ratios of 100/0; 90/10; 80/20, and 70/30 in artificial seawater at 95°C for 30 days. The mechanical properties of rubber compounds were measured and compared before and after aging in seawater. Comparing two types of carbon black, no significant difference in tensile, elongation, tear strength, and compression set at the same blend ratios after aging in seawater. Nevertheless, the abrasion resistance of N220 is lower than that of N660 before and after aging in seawater due to insufficient dispersion. Adding high crystalline EPDM in the blend results in lower mechanical properties change than pure NR after aging in seawater. In addition, the blend contains EPDM imparts high abrasion resistance in seawater. Using EPDM up to 30 phr in the blend with NR indicates the possibility of utilizing this high oxidation stability of rubber as a pneumatic fender.

Previous study showed that sea cucumber and spirulina had an antioxidant activity and antihyperglycemic activity. Sea cucumbers contain a cell growth factor that is useful in wound healing. This research aimed to determine the activity of sea cucumber and spirulina in decreasing the fasting blood glucose and wound healing process in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The antihyperglycemic activity and wound healing test were done to experimental rats that have been conditioned with diabetic wound. 2840 mg/kg body weight of liquid preparation of sea cucumber methanol extract and 81 mg/kg body weight of spirulina extract were given through oral gavage and sea cucumber methanol extract was given topically once a day. The results showed that group of golden sea cucumber orally-topically had the best antihyperglycemic activity with the highest percentage reduction in blood glucose level while group of golden sea cucumber topically-spirulina orally had the best wound healing effect with the highest percentage of wound healing.

Nowadays, organic waste from plants cannot be processed optimally. One of the solutions to protect the environment is to thoroughly process organic waste into an alternative eco-enzyme that is useful in making biodegradable detergents. Alternative sources of biosurfactant production can be substituted with alternative materials that are more environmentally friendly, such as Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera). The purpose of this study was to: (1) produce biodegradable detergents processed through the synthesis of eco-enzymes and Moringa leaves surfactants, (2) find out the value of pH test, organoleptic test, and antibacterial test, and (3) explore the Moringa leaves’ antibacterial in biodegradable detergent production. The method used in this study included maceration, filtration, and evaporation using a rotary evaporator to get pure Moringa surfactants. Detergent is made by adding eco-enzymes which have been synthesized through a fermentation from organic matter. The quality control of products including organoleptic tests, pH, and antibacterial tests which are then compared with commercial detergents. Optimum biosurfactant results were obtained at an extract concentration of 45%. Liquid detergent showed physicochemical properties produced in accordance with SNI standards with a pH of 11. The results of the biosurfactant antibacterial test were 15.9 mm, 14.6 mm, and 15.2 mm. This study shows that the quality of the detergent is good, which is categorized as strong antibacterial strength.

This study aims to investigate the pattern of bubble flow coming out of the ejector bubble generator (EBG). The flow pattern was captured using a high-speed camera. The pressure signal on the bubble generator outlet was also recorded using a differential pressure transducer, which was then processed to obtain a probability density function (PDF) and Power Spectrum Density (PSD). It indicates the flow pattern flowing at the bubble generator outlet. The results of this study occurred a time delay in the production of bubbles coming out of the EBG. The greater the air flow rate, the lower the time delay for bubble production. The bubble flow region produced by EBG was classified into the entrance, developed, and fully developed regions. In the fully developed region, large and small bubbles are separated. The greater the air flow rate, the higher the two-phase flow pressure at the EBG outlet and the PDF has one peak with a skewness value that tends to be positive (shift to the right side). The maximum value of the spectrum is at a low frequency (

This study aims to analyze the success rate of broiler rearing production performance based on the type of cage maintenance. The research material were 30 broiler farmer’s plasma farms at PT Mustika Jaya Lestari in Madiun, East Java, Indonesia, consisting of 17 modern closed house cage broiler farms and 13 semi-closed house cage broiler farms. The research method was a case study. The samples of plasma farmers were chosen by purposive sampling method of farmers groups who have broiler farming businesses, modern closed house (T1) and semi-closed house cage types (T2) in partnership with PT. Mustika Jaya Lestari in Madiun. Data collection techniques in this study were: surveys, interviews and documentation. The data was analyse using unpaired t-test. The results showed that modern closed housed (T1) had better (P0.01) of feed consumption and final body weight of the animals. The conclusion of the study is that the production performance of broiler of modern closed house is better than semi-closed one.

Reading comprehension presents one of the ways of getting some information and the information that readers read differs one from another. Understanding different information is influenced by reader’s previous knowledge: the more previous knowledge readers have, the better they understand the text read. Considering that there are different texts genres, the texts within one genres are designed in a manner that each of them has their own writing style. As an assistance to memorize the facts related on the reading comprehension and to understand what is read, and when it is about all texts genres, the schemata technique is used. Some researchers states that in the readers’ memory there is predictable structure of knowledge which can be taken as a base that the readers, using these structures in reading, understand all texts genres easily. For improving students’ abilities to master the literature texts, especially the prose and poetic texts, the schemata technique is applied in this research. In the preliminary study, it is determined that the student’s achievements in mastering the prose texts were below the set criteria of the success, and that students were less motivated to learn, too. Students achieved an average of 70.20 points, while the criteria of the success set by the STIBA Academy were 75.00. After applying the schemata technique, students achieved an average of 85.85 points in the prose course and were more motivated to learn. In the preliminary study, in the poetry course, students achieved an average of 66.05 points, and the motivation to learn was low. After applying the schemata technique, students achieved an average of 84.15 points, and the motivation to learn increased. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the application of the schemata technique affects the improvement of students' abilities to understand literary texts, especially prose and poetry, as well as their motivation to study these contents.

Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) offers an innovative and sustainable alternative to traditional binders, utilizing calcined clay and limestone as partial substitutes for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) clinker. This study investigated the potential of local clays found in East Java, Indonesia, for LC3 production. Clay samples from three sites in East Java, with pure kaolin as a benchmark, were assessed. A formulation with 50% OPC clinker substitution was employed, integrating limestone powder, calcined clay, and gypsum. The clays underwent drying, grinding, sieving, and calcination at both 700°C and 800°C. For comparison, a sample of local Trass, typically used in Portland Composite Cement, was also evaluated. Compared to OPC, the LC3 samples exhibited reduced workability and a faster initial setting time. However, the LC3 mortar displayed commendable compressive strength, achieving a Strength Activity Index exceeding 75% at 28 days. The calcination temperature influenced the ultimate strength, especially in specimens with a higher kaolin concentration. One of the local clays, sourced from Trenggalek, with a kaolinite content of 49%, achieved a compressive strength of 43 MPa at 28 days. This value closely parallels the strengths of both OPC (49 MPa) and the metakaolin (42 MPa) mixtures.

Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) traditionally exhibits compressive strength exceeding 150 MPa. However, variants have been identified with slightly lesser strengths that still surpass those of standard concrete; these are termed Lower Strength Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (LSUHPC). This study focused on the strategic utilization of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in LSUHPC formulation while significantly curtailing the extensive use of silica fume, which is a common practice in UHPC production. Typically, high-performance concrete, with strengths ranging from 120-150 MPa, is produced using fine aggregates, heavy doses of silica fume, superplasticizer, and fiber. Contrary to this traditional method, our research developed an LSUHPC mix design with a significantly reduced volume of silica fume. For the current research stage, the use of steel fiber was omitted. To counteract the reduction in silica fume, the OPC was subjected to mechanical grinding to enhance its particle fineness and reactivity. Additionally, a low volume of class F fly ash was incorporated into the mixture to improve its workability. This adjustment was theorized to diminish inter-particle voids, reduce the water requirement, and increase the mixture’s density. With a fixed superplasticizer dosage of 4%, the aim was to minimize the water-to-binder ratio, maintaining workability and achieving enhanced particle packing and compressive strength. Following a series of grinding, particle fineness analyses, mix design formulations, and consistency tests, it was confirmed that the strategic application of OPC, combined with fly ash and reduced silica fume levels in the LSUHPC formulation, can achieve the targeted high compressive strength. This approach opens the door for cost-efficient LSUHPC production by drastically reducing the use of silica fume.

Massive production of andesite natural stone causes environmental problems due to the large amount of powder waste produced. Andesite stone contains a high percentage of SiO2 which indicates its possibility to be used as a mineral additive for concrete. Research that has been conducted by researchers from various countries shows that andesite stone has fine grains with a specific gravity of 2.66 - 2.68, Loss on Ignition 2.37 - 3.38, has a content of SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3>70% which can be classified as fly ash type F based on ASTM 618-92a. The use of andesite stone powder waste as a partial replacement of cement in concrete showed that concrete properties improved at an optimum of 10% at 28 days and 90 days of concrete age, respectively. The use of andesite waste powder in larger quantities showed a decrease in concrete properties. The use of andesite powder waste in concrete is recommended to reduce the impact of waste on the environment as well as to reduce the use of cement in concrete as an effort to support sustainable and more environmentally friendly construction.

In 2006, a tsunami hit Pangandaran, and its effects were felt in Cilacap. There were 664 fatalities, 498 injuries, and 55 million dollars in damages, and 1623 homes were destroyed or severely damaged due to the tsunami. Furthermore, the village of Widarapayung was among those devastated by the tsunami, which reached a height of up to 5 meters and claimed the lives of 12 people. In addition, Widarapayung is a popular tourist destination and one of the venues for 2019’s professional surfing events. Therefore, disaster prevention measures are essential to lessen the impact of disasters and save lives. The objective of this study is to assess the vulnerability of the Widarapayung Wetan area to a tsunami and make recommendations for evacuation routes and regional infrastructure development to reduce casualties and damage. This research utilized COMCOT to model the megathrust segment with a possible magnitude of 8.7, with worst-case values acquired from the catalog PuSGeN 2017. Additionally, the data on topography and bathymetry collected by DEMNAS and BATNAS are utilized in this investigation. The modeling results indicated a 50-minute arrival time for the tsunami waves, a maximum run-up height of 14-18 meters, and a submerged area of roughly 4.57 km2. In addition, the most effective evacuation routes were determined by combining the outcomes of field surveys and Geographic Information System simulations. This research will provide local governments with helpful information for making informed decisions about infrastructure and spatial development in the future.

The existence of online motorcycle taxis had become increased. Besides, in Semarang, Indonesia the recorded number of online motorcycle taxis violation increased by 30% and the number of accidents involving online motorcycle taxis increased by 79% between 2018 and 2019. It was necessary to explore further whether the use of mobile phones on online motorcycle taxis plays a role in the number of motorcycle vehicle accidents. The factors used were demographics, frequency, time, safety and accident risk, and data obtained using a questionnaire. Online motorcycle taxi drivers in Semarang, Indonesia, were participated in this study as respondents. The data were processed by descriptive methods and logistics regression. This study found the high level of unawareness of respondent to obligate the rules in using cellphones while driving and the difficulty of respondents applying safety rules. We found that those factors were significantly affect the risk of accidents on motorcycle. In addition, this research also obtained a formulation related with the risk of accidents occurring in online motorcycle taxi drivers.

Reverse Osmosis (RO) is the most widely applied water purification technology worldwide. However, RO membranes have a short service life before they become waste (End of Life RO/EoL RO), so they must be incinerated or disposed of in landfills. Several sustainability solutions have been proposed and studied in recent years. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the emerging trends in the reuse of EoL RO membranes is presented in this paper. Recycling EoL RO membranes is the most preferred option to solve this waste problem either as direct reuse or after conversion into other types of membranes. Direct reuse of EoL RO membranes can be divided into three categories, such as rejuvenation of EoL RO membranes, use at lower rates of treatment, and use for new applications. Rejuvenation of EoL RO can be done by cleaning treatment, use at a lower level can be done by converting it into NF, UF or MF membranes and EoL RO can be made into recycled products by utilizing parts of the EoL RO membrane module. A review of prospects and challenges faced in the conversion process into reconditioned membranes is also presented in this paper.

This study aims to analyze household food security as the core determinant of stunting and Purworejo Regency of Central Java Province as a case study. Methodologically, this study used multiple binary regression models. This study analyzed 250 samples selected randomly tiered (multi-stage random sampling). The equation used is stunting as a dependent variable and an independent variable (dummy) in the form of household food security and control variables (parental marriage age, use of contraceptives, gestation, parity, early breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding, pollution status, and distance of health facilities). As a result, household food security is proven to be a core determinant of stunting in Purworejo District. Household food security has a significant effect on the -0.679 (α 0.001) coefficient on stunting. This means that houses that have food security have the opportunity to reduce the risk and prevent stunting by 67.9% than those that do not. As a control variable, the use of contraceptives, parity, early initiation of breastfeeding, and exclusive breastfeeding had a significant negative effect on stunting while pollution status had a significant positive effect. This model has been able to explain the research phenomenon by 58.2% (adjusted R-square 0.582).

A preliminary study conducted on twenty-four rattan workers at the Trangsan Rattan Industry Center showed various types of occupational health and safety risks including respiratory disorder due to exposure of fine dust, hand tools usage , chemical hazards of using rattan coloring, and Muscoskeletal Disorders ( MSDS) due to improper working positions. This condition encourages research to improve safety behavior for workers by identifying factors related to unsafe behavior and implementing Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) for workers . The BBS approach was carried out with four stages, namely Define, Observe, Intervene, and Test (DOIT), while the level of worker behavior was calculated using the Safety Performance Index (SPI). There were ten unsafe actions that were targeted for intervention for hundreds of workers. Through an intervention program which was based on a motivational intervention approach, the value of SPI in the Trangsan Rattan Industry Center increased by 36.21%.

Water is the source of life for all living things on Earth. Indonesian people make groundwater the main source of water, including the people in Semarang City. The city of Semarang, which is the capital city of Central Java province, with the development of industry, trade and tourism growing rapidly, has forced groundwater exploitation on a large scale. As a result, disasters such as drought, the phenomenon of seawater intrusion and groundwater contamination have started to occur in the city of Semarang, especially in the alluvial plains area. This study aims to determine the level of groundwater contamination in the study area. In this study, 30 groundwater samples were taken to test the chemical content of groundwater. The methods used were the geospatial analysis and the Pollution Groundwater Index (PGI). The geospatial in Geographic Information System/GIS method aims to determine the distribution of groundwater quality in the study area. The PIG method aims to determine the level of groundwater contamination. PGI results show that there is 1 sample belonging to high pollution and 1 other sample belonging to groundwater with very high pollution. Geospatially, it shows that the distribution of groundwater contamination is in the western and central parts of the study area. This is also supported by geospatial analysis for the physicochemical conditions of groundwater which includes parameters of pH, EC, TDS and Hardness. From this research, it is known that groundwater in Semarang City is starting to experience pollution. So there is a need for efforts to restore groundwater conditions and start reducing the use of groundwater by utilizing surface water.Introduction

Batu City is well-known to visitors as one of the leading tourism destinations in East Java Province. This condition raises the rapid growth of the area’s primary and supporting tourism industries. The increasingly rapid business growth has led to stricter business competition and forced business owners in this sector to adapt and evaluate opportunities to maintain the sustainability of their business. Furthermore, various business innovations are carried out by industries hoping that tourists, including the hospitality industry, will still use their companies. One of the hospitality concepts favored by tourists is the eco-green concept, in which hotels implement environmentally friendly values as the primary strategy for attracting tourists. Is this the right decision and strategy? This study aims to assess the level of significance of the eco-green concept as a marketing tool by companies. This research was conducted in Kampung Lumbung EcoBoutique Hotel Batu, where the hotel was the first accommodation to implement the eco-green concept in Batu City since 2006. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to guests, interviews with hotel managers, observation, documentation, and literature study. Multiple linear regression with practical and relative contributions is used to analyze the effect value. The main results from this study indicate that the eco-green concept does not significantly impact marketing strategies in the hospitality industry. It happens because there are different values between guest expectations and management’s understanding of the concept of an environmentally friendly hotel. The results also show that adaptation to technological advances is needed to meet guest expectations and maximize the concept of environmentally friendly hotels as a marketing strategy to achieve business goals.

Land suitability plays a crucial role in increasing food production including rice. This research aims to analyze land suitability for rice production using Geospatial and Geographic Information System (GIS) approaches. Five indicators presented in GIS raster maps, such as topography (land elevation), land slope, annual rainfall, flood hazard, and soil type were used for land suitability assessment and applied in the Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Quantitative assessment using scoring was applied to classify the indicator values and categorize land suitability into four categories, namely highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (N). The result indicated that the study area was covered by three zone categories of land suitability i.e., moderately suitable (8.49%), marginally suitable (77.9%), and not suitable (13.61%). The characteristics of land elevation, land slope and rainfall were relatively suitable for rice crop cultivation. Whereas the characteristics of the soil, which was peat and acidic, were constraining factors in cultivating rice crops. Flood disasters in areas with low slopes and elevations significantly threatened rice fields. This study provides a valuable reference for assisting decision-makers in planning optimal land use for rice production particularly under tropical climate.

Tea is a beverage product that has many health benefits. The growth of the small and medium scale industry (SMEs) is able to push this industry sector to become the second largest beverage industry after mineral water in Indonesia. Controlling the risk of food safety hazards is very important for this sector to produce products that are safe for consumption. Focusing on prevention, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) can assist change including designing treatment equipment and procedures. This work provides an overview of the development of a HACCP system in a teaproducing SME-scale industry. The methodology used is based on the guidelines for developing a HACCP system. The results of the work found four critical control points (CCP) in the tea production line and as a recommendation, it is necessary to take corrective actions in receiving raw materials, chopping, grinding and drying tea.

Project stakeholders are always trying to make the project a success, so the factors that influence the project's success become a growing concern and should be appropriately managed. Although various factors influence the success of a project, the project manager, as a leader in organizing, directing, and managing all types of project activities, plays a significant role. This study aims to develop a framework for assessing project management leadership as a factor in project success. The method used in this research is an in-depth literature review. Indicators of leadership factors in the success of project management have been identified, consisting of four main categories: competence of behavioural, intellectual and technical, managerial, and quality of leadership style, with 24 subcategory variables complementing the four main variables. A framework for leadership success factors in project management has been proposed, including ways of assessing, gap analysis, and interpretation of results.

Human activities that require cognitive performance is doing cognitive computer-based tasks. One of the important cognitive performances in people when doing some active thinking tasks is attention. This study focuses on measuring cognitive performance through cognitive tasks in the form of a Stroop Color Word Test with a neurophysiological approach, namely EEG, related to the effects of physical environment factors: room temperature. The temperature variations that will be studied refer to the concepts of slightly warm, neutral, and slightly cool with 18 °C representing slightly cool, 24 °C representing neutral, and 30 °C representing slightly warm. This study used an experimental design method and was conducted on 12 subjects. This study showed that room temperature treatment had a significant effect on TRT (sig. 0.00), but not on accuracy which it refers to cognitive performance to do the task correctly. To explain of the beta EEG signal, it was found that the highest power spectrum value occurred when the respondent was subjected to room temperature treatment of 24 °C. While in the ERP P3 measurement, it was found that the amplitude (µV) of P3 was best at 24 °C.

Heavy metals and microplastics (MPs) are two pollutants that are currently gaining a lot of attention, and it has been observed that they can interact. The objective of this research was to observe the adsorption and desorption of heavy metals concerning various types of MP particles, different heavy metals and concentrations, and salinity. The findings demonstrate that among all particle types, PP particles absorb heavy metals at the highest rate. Contrarily, PP particles release lower heavy metals and more slowly than other particles. Pb consistently absorbed more metal by MPs than Cu, Zn, or Cd. Cd had the highest rate of heavy metal desorption, followed by Pb, Cu, and Zn. The adsorption capacity of MPs particles increases together with the concentration of heavy metals, whereas the adsorption rate decreases. Salinity has an enormous impact on how MPs and heavy metals interact. The adsorption and desorption of heavy metal in MPs particles decreases and takes longer to reach equilibrium at increased salinities. Between the three different salinities, even the adsorption and desorption results demonstrate a significant difference (p

Paddy is one of the main food-crop commodities in Indonesia. The main problem in paddy cultivation in Paser Regency is good water quality for plants. Water is the main requirement for paddy plants to grow and develop. Water quality to meet the needs of paddy plants is a very important factor. pH H2O, TDS (Total Dissolve Solid) and EC (Electrical Conductivity) are some of the water parameters used as a reference in determining land suitability for paddy plants. The purpose of this research is to spatially analyse the water parameters (pH H2O, TDS and EC) for the water needs of paddy plants in Paser Regency. Determination of sample points using stratified random sampling method and parameter measurements are carried out directly in the field in the irrigation area. Interpolation analysis used the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) method with a power weight of 2. RMSE values from the interpolation results for pH H2O 0.0001, TDS 0.1695 and EC 0.0003. The results of the interpolation of several parameters are then analysed by overlay to determine the spatial relationship between parameters. The results of the analysis show that the average values in Paser Regency are pH H2O 6.13, TDS 478.64 ppm and EC 0.82 mS/cm. The area of pH H2O (6.5-8.4) suitable for paddy plants is 391447.87 ha, TDS (