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Two challenges were identified to improve the place of PEP in combined prevention: (1)#160;improvement of healthcare professionals#8217; knowledge, practices and attitudes; and (2)#160;revision of the guidelines concerning first-line prescription, the conditions for access to PEP, and sexual health support./ce:para.

Two challenges were identified to improve the place of PEP in combined prevention: (1) improvement of healthcare professionals’ knowledge, practices and attitudes; and (2) revision of the guidelines concerning first-line prescription, the conditions for access to PEP, and sexual health support. .

HIV-1 Rev is a small protein which mediates the nuclear export of unspliced and partially spliced viral transcripts. The nuclear import of Rev is mediated by the host cell protein Importin β (Impβ), a transport factor that recognizes the arginine- rich nuclear localization signal (NLS) present on Rev. The goal of this project is to determine the three-dimensional structure of the complex formed by Impβ and Rev. Because attempts to crystallize this complex were unsuccessful, we sought structural information using a range of biochemical, biophysical and computational approaches. The results suggest a limited number of hypothetical configurations for the Impβ/Rev complex, which can be specifically verified with additional experiments. The work described in this thesis increases our understanding of how Impβ recognizes Rev and should facilitate future efforts at determining the high-resolution structure of this complex., La protéine Rev du VIH-1 est une petite protéine qui permet l'export nucléaire des transcrits viraux partiellement ou non épissés. L'import nucléaire de Rev est réalisé par Importin β (Impβ), un facteur de transport cellulaire qui reconnaît le signal de localisation nucléaire (NLS) riche en arginine présent sur Rev. Le but de cette thèse est de déterminer la structure tridimensionnelle du complexe formé par Impβ et Rev. Après des essais de cristallogenèse infructueux, nous avons sondé la structure du complexe Impβ/Rev en utilisant différentes approches biochimiques, biophysiques et computationnelles. Les résultats suggèrent un nombre limité de modèles tridimensionnels du complexe Impβ/Rev. Ces travaux augmentent notre compréhension de la façon dont Impβ reconnaît Rev et devraient dans l'avenir, faciliter la détermination de la structure de ce complexe à haute résolution.

Potential iatrogenic transmission from patients incubating Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, especially variant CJD, is a major public health issue. Because the ocular route is very efficient for contamination with prions, re-use of rigid contact lenses in ophthalmology constitutes a potential problem. We therefore evaluated the anti-prion activity of different protocols available for disinfection of lenses. These treatments decreased the infectivity retained on the surface of experimentally contaminated lenses by a factor of at least 10 million. They thus represent an important factor in protecting against possible prion infection via the ocular route.

Spittler Gerd. La notion de travail chez les Kel Ewey. In: Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée, n°57, 1990. Touaregs, exil et résistance, sous la direction de Hélène Claudot-Hawad . pp. 189-198.

Sous la direction de Hélène Claudot-Hawad, N° thématique de la Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée, n°57, 2e édition en 1991; International audience; http://remmm.revues.org/persee-178995

Since Sylvatic rabies started in North Rhine-Westphalia in 1953 many epidemics have occurred, only in mid-mountain areas. As a characteristic, epidemics halted, in each case at the limit between big game (in south-east) and small game (in the north-west) hunting areas. The fact that rabies died out when reaching these limits is surprising for, according to the number of foxes killed in small game hunting areas, there was a fox density which usually does not allow the epidemic to stop. Explanation of this phenomenon could be the different hunting methods. Indeed in small game hunting areas 80% of killed foxes are cubs or sub-adults. Which means that most of the growing population is destroyed early enough, in contrast with big game hunting areas where less than half of the killed foxes are cubs or sub-adults. This is why in big game hunting areas, better conditions are found for rabies appearance than in the other type of hunting area. Studying the number of foxes killed, these relations are described for three regions of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is obviously very important in rabies control that, besides other measures, growing foxes are killed in priority.