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While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has enabled people living with HIV (PLWH) to achieve near-normal life expectancies, an HIV cure remains elusive due to the presence of HIV reservoirs. Furthermore, compared with individuals in the general population, PLWH support a higher burden of multimorbidity, including pulmonary diseases of both an infectious and non-infection nature, which may be a consequence of the formation of HIV reservoirs. Their gut, lymph nodes, brain, testes and lungs constitute important anatomic sites for the reservoirs. While CD4+ T-cells, and particularly memory CD4+ T-cells, are the best characterized cellular HIV reservoirs, tissue resident macrophages (TRM) and alveolar macrophages (AM) also harbor HIV infection. AM are the most abundant cells in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid in healthy conditions, and act as sentinels in the alveolar space by patrolling and clearing debris, microbes and surfactant recycling. Long-lived tissue-resident AM of embryonic origin have the capacity of self-renewal without replenishment from peripheral monocytes. As in other tissues, close cell-cell contacts in lungs also provide a milieu conducive for cell-to-cell spread of HIV infection and establishment of reservoirs. As lungs are in constant exposure to antigens from the external environment, this situation contributes to pro-inflammatory phenotype rendering pulmonary immune cells exhausted and senescent—an environment facilitating HIV persistence. Factors such as tobacco and e-cigarette smoking, lung microbiome dysbiosis and respiratory co-infections further drive antigenic stimulation and HIV replication. HIV replication, in turn, contributes to ongoing inflammation and clonal expansion. Herein, the potential role of AM in HIV persistence is discussed. Furthermore, their contribution towards pulmonary inflammation and immune dysregulation, which may in turn render PLWH susceptible to chronic lung disease, despite ART, is explored. Finally, strategies to eliminate HIV-infected AM are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Smoking, a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality is a real public health problem in the world. The objective was to establish the epidemiological profile of smoking among soldiers at Camp Almamy Samory Touré. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study lasting 6 months in 2018 at Camp Almamy Samory Touré in Conakry including all serving soldiers, without distinction of age, sex, residence and who accepted freely to participate. Results: We investigated 384 soldiers, including 287 smokers, a prevalence of 75% and 97 non-smokers, 25%. The most represented age group was 31-40 years 25.5% with an average age of 38.95 ± 9.36 years. They were all male (100%) and the majority resided in Conakry 96.61%. The level of education was secondary followed by higher and primary respectively: 38.54%; 24.48% and 23.70%. Married people were more numerous 39.58% followed by single people 34.11%. The average age of onset of smoking among our soldiers was 18.86 ± 3.42 years. Leisure places 26.48% were the main place of initiation to tobacco smoking. The 38.46% of the military smoke 11-20 wicks of cigarettes per day. During the study, 55.93% of soldiers wanted to quit smoking now. Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking among soldiers at Camp Almamy Samory Touré in Conakry remains very high with a young and male predominance. Nearly 3/4 of the soldiers surveyed had smoked in the past and places of leisure were the main place of initiation to tobacco smoking. However, more than half of the soldiers now wanted to quit smoking after a good knowledge of the toxic effects of this practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers news briefs on various medical studies and trials. An Australian randomized trial compared oxycodone to a placebo for acute lower back and neck pain. Data from a French survey indicated that smoking prevalence in 2022 remained stable compared to 2019. A U.S. cohort study involving menopausal women revealed a higher incidence of liver cancer and chronic liver disease mortality among those who frequently consumed sugary drinks.

All human health problems (diseases, risk factors, management, care) should now be problematised according to the OneHealth model. How they can be described taking into account the transformations they induce on human, animal and vegetal populations and on the nature. This narrative review of the literature aims to describe some facets of the consequences of smoking on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers several medicinal news briefs. Topics include examines smoking is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and considered that two meta-analyses, respectively of several prospective cohort studies, showed an increased risk of DT 2 of several percentage for one and in smokers compared to non-smokers.

Introduction: tobacco epidemic is a real public health problem in the world and in Africa. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with smoking among adults living in the Moungali district. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional analytical study of 800 adults. Two-stage random sampling was used to select subjects in the Moungali district, Brazzaville, in September 2021. Binary logistic regression using the ascending stepwise method allowed identification of the associated factors. The adjustment of the model was verified by the Hosmer Lomeshow test. Data were collected via the Kobo collect V1.30.1 app. and analyzed with the Stata 15.0 software. Results: smoking prevalence was 4.63%, 95% CI [3.37-6.31]. Males (AOR=8.36 95% CI [3.74-18.72], p-value < 0.0001), alcohol consumption (AOR=2.6 95% CI [1.11-6.11], p-value = 0.028), and professional activity (formal or informal sector) (AOR=3.91 95% CI [1.16-13.11], p-value = 0.027) were factors significantly associated with smoking. Conclusion: this study highlights that smoking is a stronger risk factor in men than in women. In addition, alcohol consumption and professional activity in the formal or informal sector are also factors associated with active smoking. Preventive actions focusing on these factors are necessary to effectively fight smoking in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 19 years old man with apprentice plumber, with history of basal fracture of the first phalanx of the thumb left in 2012, active smoking and spondyloarthropathy lineage. It mentions C reactive protein (CRP) at 19 mg/L and a sedimentation rate (VS) at 13 mm and the search for HLA B27 is positive. It also mentions diagnosis of peripheral enthesitic spondylitis associated with Haglund's disease was retained based on the ASAS criteria.

Introduction: first-line physicians should play a key role in tobacco control. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitudes of front-line physicians as well as their practices for smoking cessation, assess their smoking status and determine the barriers to smoking cessation support. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study among a representative sample of front-line physicians practising in the governorate of Sfax in November 2020. Results: a total of 115 first-line physicians were included in the study, with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.91 and an average age of 43 years (interquartile interval= [34-55 years]). Among the respondents, 26 (22.6%) stated that they were smokers; 98 of the physicians surveyed (85.2%) had not had any postgraduate training in smoking cessation. However, 71 (61.7%) had an idea on nicotine replacement therapy. Regarding attitudes,73 respondents (63.5%) were convinced that physicians were responsible for helping their patients quit smoking. Forty five physicians (39.1%) systematically asked all patients about their smoking habits. The least performed activities of the 5A strategy were the components "help" (14%) and "organize follow-up" (17.4%). Patients' disinterest was considered (53%) to be a significant barrier to smoking cessation assistance by the 61 physicians surveyed. Conclusion: there is a need to evaluate and improve the implementation of the national tobacco control strategy, in particular with regard to the training of front-line physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Federal Constitution of 1988 brought significant changes in the architecture and functioning of the State, making possible the creation of new strategies to enable the formulation and implementation of public policies in Brazil. In this context, it can be said that the health sector serves as a model for the participative practices of shared decisions and played an important role in the exercise of social control, allowing the protagonism of the organized civil society in the most diverse public spaces, which includes decisions on sectoral policies to prevent and combat smoking. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the influence of health warnings with positive and negative framing on cigarette packs in the intention to quit smoking and in the emotion (guilt and shame) of smokers from the perspective of the Regulatory Focus Theory in a context of Social Marketing. The experimental study presents a 2x2 factorial design: two warnings (appeal to fear versus positive) and two regulatory focuses (promotional versus preventive). The results have shown that although media appeals did not have the expected effect, smokers with a promotional profile tend to have a greater intention to quit smoking than preventive smokers. The results contribute to the theme, since there is still no consensus regarding the influence of messages of this nature on the use intention of smokers, also collaborating with inputs for public policy makers. The relevant conclusions of this study, regarding the positive and negative framing, point out that the relationship between these two poles can be justified by the fact that the use of nicotine causes addiction and, therefore, smokers may need medical treatment to be able to quit smoking and not only persuasive communication.

In a continuously changing and innovative society, for many, smoking remains a constant, a habit, a moment of relaxation or a moment of friendship. With a long history, marked by various habits and rituals, along the years, from an academic point of view, smoking has been analyzed multi and interdisciplinary, at a sociological level being set as a social construct with a strong impact on a large segment of a society, whatever the type, the dimension, the historical, the economical or the political context of it. Basing on the 87.1 Eurobarometer, in this research I am analyzing recent results regarding Europeans’ attitudes on smoking and on tobacco products, on the innovations in this field and also a classification of the types of smokers, corroborating these types with the “labels” used in everyday life – heavy smoker, occasionally smoker, social smoker etc. The hereby report comprises information gathered at European level, from the 28 member states of the European Union, having a total of 27,901 respondents, aged 15 or more. In order for the data to be representative and in order for us to be able to observe and to compare general tendencies at European and national level, data has been weighted. Also, in order to capture as well as possible and more eloquently public opinion on this subject and also the classification of the respondents in types of smokers, I have used the K-means type cluster analysis. According to the data obtained from the barometer, more than a quarter of respondents have been daily smokers for over 20 years now, while half of them declared that they have never smoked. Unlike the 2012 Eurobarometer, alongside with the motivations and the possible reasons that caused starting or giving up smoking, the 87.1 survey research emphasizes the electronic cigars and the way these have been contributing to the evolution of this habit.

SARS-CoV-2 epidemics raises a considerable issue of public health at the planetary scale. There is a pressing urgency to find treatments based upon currently available scientific knowledge. Therefore, we tentatively propose a hypothesis which hopefully might ultimately help save lives. Based on the current scientific literature and on new epidemiological data which reveal that current smoking status appears to be a protective factor against the infection by SARS-CoV-2 [1], we hypothesize that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Covid-19 infection and might represent a target for the prevention and control of Covid-19 infection.

From ancient historical studies in Egypt in the prehistoric era, as well as in the Far East in the pre-Christmas period and in South Africa, Namibia, Mexico and others, it was found that the vessels found in these ages were burned in an open fire or in pit firing and not in fire furnaces in the sense we know Now, which consists chimney and a fire home separated from wares , the primitive open fire was the prelude to the emergence of ceramic fire furnaces now recognized, the systems of primitive fire resulting in forms of black effects due to carbon rising from the fire, By experience in ancient times the potters knew that carbon blocks pores And used the technique to produce vessels for storage of liquids and drinking water, and because the fire in prehistoric times was low (750-800) degrees Celsius the pots were high porosity, so they used the smoke to produce non-porous black vessels to store liquids and this appeared in the ancient Egyptian at some time Prior to the date, the pots with the black top pottery (and inside also black) were spread out and were produced for storage of liquids and for funerary use. These techniques disappeared in the following Egyptian civilizations due to the appearance of lime clays which was burned at a temperature higher than the Nile silt (850 – 1050 oc ) .and so The fire furnaces with the fire home was separated from wares were appeared, and thus the vessels became porous due to the high porosity and red color due to the oxidation in furnace. Therefore, they were no need to the black-top pottery technique in which carbon was used to fill the pores. The method of carbonization is found in Egypt, Africa and Mexico and is still the same as the primitive method in Africa and Mexico. In the modern and contemporary era, the open fire or pit was spread to seek the aesthetic effect of smoke, not for use as it was in ancient times, In addition to these fire systems also have distinct aesthetic effects. They are also economical fire . Recently, in America and Japan, these systems fire spread to achieve aesthetic effects. The experimental study of researcher was an attempt to benefit from the historical study in the proposed fire and build on it to obtain effects of aesthetic value and color.

The observation is unequivocal: nearly half of cancer deaths could be avoided ! This statement, both alarming and hopeful, underscores the crucial importance of preventive measures in the fight against the scourge that is cancer. Indeed, if nearly half of cancer deaths are preventable, it means that it is possible to act on certain modifiable risk factors. Smoking and alcohol consumption are among the most influential behaviours in the risk of death from cancer. Similarly, overweight and obesity, considered a true pandemic, contribute significantly to the increase in the number of cancer cases over the past decade. Environmental and occupational exposure to various physical, chemical, and biological carcinogens constitutes another set of largely avoidable factors. Now, more than ever, it is imperative to intensify efforts in implementing effective prevention strategies to counter the growing burden of this disease.

Preventing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health objective. CKD leads to significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with a negative impact on quality of life and significant societal repercussions. Several drugs are effective in preventing and curbing CKD, including blockers of the renin/angiotensin/aldosterone system and inhibitors of the SGLT2 co-transporter. New molecules are currently in clinical trials focusing on the nephro-protection, such as non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and GPL-1 receptor agonists. In addition to this drug arsenal, CKD prevention also relies on non-pharmacological optimization of hygienic-dietary measures, including smoking avoidance, physical activity and dietetics. The aim of this article is to detail this non-medicinal approach to the prevention and slow down of CKD.

Smoking rates in Europe are falling steadily among teenagers. The main reasons why young people start smoking are highlighted. Preventing young people from starting to smoke is based on a combination of three approaches: firstly, interventions in schools, incorporating educational programs from an early age; secondly, comprehensive tobacco control measures, such as bans on sales to minors and higher taxes on tobacco products; -thirdly, targeted communication campaigns. Finally, parents and families play an important role in providing a smoke-free environment and setting an example by giving up smoking. Many prevention programmes have been validated, but are still too infrequently deployed. We also need to prevent new modes of consumption that bring nicotine. In this way, we can work by accelerating progress to curb the tobacco epidemics and moving towards the ultimate goal of a smoke-free generation.

Inform, prevent, educate and encourage are the key words must be the keywords of all stakeholders who take care of a patient with ENT cancer in order to potentiate the effectiveness of the different treatments but also to improve the quality of life of patients.

Introduction: In France, pregnant women generally receive written information about their pregnancy. The efficacy of these materials is limited for socially disadvantaged women, who are more likely to have lower levels of health literacy. As an alternative tool, awareness-raising videos have become popular, and the “Tuto’Tour de la grossesse” health promotion intervention has been created, which includes videos about smoking. The study objective was to evaluate the acceptability, usability, and accessibility of two videos about smoking among pregnant smokers in vulnerable situations., Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with these women, using a participatory approach. We then carried out a hybrid qualitative analysis, combining an analysis based on a conceptual framework and an inductive analysis., Results: Out of twenty participants, nine were separated from their child’s father and nine were unemployed. Twelve participants had less than a baccalaureate level of education and seven had a mother tongue other than French. Participants found the videos acceptable, usable, and accessible. We received positive feedback about the efficacy of the videos in terms of participants’ ability, opportunity, and motivation to change their behavior. Suggestions for improving the videos were made., Conclusions: Other studies have looked at health promotion with similar interventions, but acceptability, usability, and accessibility have not been tested with socially disadvantaged women. These videos, which are acceptable, usable, and accessible to socially disadvantaged people, seem to have an influence on two out of three factors leading to behavior change. They could now be tested on a larger scale in a randomized controlled study.

Résumé: Lorsqu'un patient tabagique se voit annoncer un cancer bronchique, quel rôle peut jouer l'infirmier(e) en soins généraux vis-à-vis de cette addiction ? Quelles sont les mesures de prévention tertiaire que le soignant peut mobiliser ? Ce dernier pourra trouver dans cet article des réponses ainsi que des pistes de réflexion afin d'enrichir sa pratique clinique quotidienne. Abolir ses préjugés, réfléchir sur ses propres rapports au tabac et identifier la meilleure période pour aborder la question avec le patient en sont les aspects essentiels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread throughout the world, with devastating effects of the virus as well as the repercussions of the resulting ‘lockdowns’. South Africa went into a national lockdown in March 2020 to mitigate the impact of the virus. This included a ban on the sales of tobacco and electronic cigarette products. The ban has been a highly contentious issue in South Africa, discussed worldwide, which has drawn many criticisms. The prevalence rate of smoking in South Africa was around 21.5%, with the Western Cape province having a prevalence rate of 39%. We compared the number of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presentations at a large regional referral hospital in the Western Cape province from January to August 2019 with the same period in 2020. Electronic emergency centre data showed a reduction of 69.28% in COPD presentations. To control for some confounders for the same period, we also reviewed patients presenting with urinary tract infections, which showed only a 30.60% reduction. This notable reduction in COPD presentations reduced service pressure of emergency centre and most likely benefitted patients’ health. Further research and policies are needed to ensure ongoing reduction in the prevalence of smoking.

INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of smoking in school children is alarming in Saudi Arabia and little is well-known about the aspects stimulating such behaviours in secondary school children. The aim of this study was to assess the association between influence of parent/sibling/peer smoking and future intentions to initiate smoke among 13-15 years old school children in Al Ras town, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: a cross sectional survey was conducted in Al Ras city during first quarter of 2019. Data was collected from 492 secondary school children who were selected through multistage stratified cluster sampling. Pretested, self-administered Arabic questionnaire was used to collect data about socio-demographic and prevalence of current smoking behaviours and associated factors. Descriptive statistics was done initially, following by binomial regression to assess the predictors of current smoking and future smoking intentions. RESULTS: the overall prevalence of smoking in respondents was 22.7% and statistically significant difference in smoking prevalence´s between boys and girls was observed (40% vs 5.6%). Among the predictors of current smoking, smoking habits in siblings and getting pocket money over 200 Saudi riyals are found to be significant. Siblings smoking (odds ratio: 6.4) and poor academic performance (odds ratio: 3.2) were the two most important factors influencing children´s intentions of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: smoking prevalence in secondary school children of Al Ras was similar to national data. Since, influence of siblings, getting more pocket money and poor academic performance were found to important predictors of children smoking behaviours and attitudes, health education programs should address these factors to be effective.

The study examined the road safety habits of the adult population of Latvia in relation to risky health behaviours (smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, no regular health check-ups at the family doctor). Data of Health Behaviour among the Latvian Adult Population for five consecutive surveys for the years 2010–2018 were analysed. Results: The use of seat belts has increased slightly – from 93.5% to 95.6% in the front seat of the vehicle, from 52.4% to 56.3% in the rear seat of the vehicle (p < 0,001). Of the 10,731 respondents, 30.8% (N = 3309; 95% CI 30.0–31.7) were daily smokers, 14.8% (N = 1593; 95% CI 14.2–15.5) had excessive alcohol consumption habits, 25.9% (N = 2779; 95% CI 25.1–26.7) had not visited their family doctor during the last year. Higher odds for seat belt use were observed among respondents without excessive alcohol consumption (OR = 2.1), non-smokers (OR = 1.5–1.8), and those, who had visited their family doctor last year (OR = 1.2–1.3). Multivariate regression analysis showed risky behaviour is an independent factor associated with road safety habits.

Introduction: Several clinical and epidemiological data point to a possible link between smoking exposure and contact dermatitis (CD)., Aims: To identify the clinical and epidemiological differences of CD in smoking and non-smoking subjects, and to determine the influence of smoking on the allergological profile of CD., Methods: Retrospective descriptive study who consulted the Department of Occupational Medicine and Occupational Pathology of the Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse (Tunisia) during a period of 8 years for exploration of CD and who were tested with the European Standard Battery (ESB)., Results: A total of 767 patients were enrolled during the study period, 40% of whom were smokers. The group of smokers was characterized by a male predominance (p=10-3) and a greater professional seniority compared to non-smokers (p=0.01). Personal history of atopy was predominant in non-smokers (p=0.02). Among the ESB allergens, there was a significant association between smoking and CD due to metals (chromium, cobalt) and conservatives. After binary logistic regression, the variables associated with smoking exposure were male gender (OR=12.12 ; 95% CI=[6.07 - 24.21]; p=10-3), Kathon CG allergy (OR=3.69 ; 95% CI=[1.24 - 10.81]; p=0.018), and right hand involvement (OR= 2.83; 95% CI=[1.29 - 6.17]; p=0.005)., Conclusion: Our study revealed an effect of smoking on the clinical and allergological characteristics of CD.

Since the industrialization of tobacco production in the last century, tobacco has been a popular product in all walks of life. Its harmful effects, now well recognized, have led to the implementation of increasingly active health policies. Its place in public life is increasingly controlled. This approach aims to prevent the continuation of risky behaviours associated with its use. Hospitals are becoming a model for the denormalization of smoking., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Tobacco addiction is the leading cause of preventable death. During the perioperative period, patients who smoke are at increased risk of systemic as well as surgical site complications., State of the Art: Surgery is an ideal time for change of lifestyle habits. It is vital to seize this opportunity to improve the patient's health in the long- as well as the short-term. Smoking cessation should be encouraged in all surgical patients. Initiating smoking cessation combines pharmacological treatment and a behavioral approach. In this field, significant advances have been recorded over the last decade. This review proposes a practical approach that every practitioner will be able to apply., Perspectives: In this review, we will also examine ongoing research, particularly as regards vaccination and the place of biomarkers., Conclusions: Smoking represents a major source of health-related complications. Smoking cessation must therefore remain a priority in the management of medical and surgical patients., (Copyright © 2024 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Tuberculosis and smoking are responsible for significant mortality worldwide. Smoking is spreading in emerging countries, and its prevalence is high in developed countries among socially disadvantaged populations; it could be the source of a resurgence of tuberculosis in future years. The aim of this review is to clarify the consequences of the association between smoking and tuberculosis, and the benefits of smoking cessation for smokers with tuberculosis., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

This article examines the “denormalization” approach, which has gradually gained ground in the field of tobacco control. This process encompasses a wide range of practices and aims to renew tobacco control by extending its scope beyond the usual individual and health considerations; it also considers smoking as a societal problem. This contribution illustrates the implementation of this approach, as embodied in France by the Alliance Contre le Tabac denormalization program launched in 2019, through campaigns addressing a diverse range of themes. The latest campaign, carried out in January 2023, demonstrates that smoking also exacerbates the social and economic difficulties of the most disadvantaged members of society. Its presentation illustrates the deployment of such a campaign, the methodology used, the tools mobilized, and the results obtained by carrying out a post-test.

This article offers an analytical synthesis of international trends in public policies to regulate tobacco in the first quarter of the twenty-first century. It begins with a review of the densification of the repertoire of public action and the affirmation of a strategy that consists of encircling tobacco (designated as an enemy) and attacking it through a variety of material and symbolic tactics. Tobacco regulation is a constantly dynamic process, due to the intensity of the exchanges of blows between protagonists: these agonistic interactions are reflected in framing struggles that lead to a diversification of tobacco qualifications. Tobacco is thus framed as a health issue, but also as an environmental problem and a challenge for social justice. Finally, the article shows how, at the end of a quarter-century of diverse mobilizations, the gradual formulation of a paradigm shift is taking shape, in which the objective of public action is no longer simply to control tobacco, but to eliminate it as a commodity.

Heated tobacco (HT), a new tobacco product, is presented by the tobacco industry as an effective and safe alternative to cigarettes. Even if the quantities of harmful compounds emitted by HT are lower than those found in cigarette smoke, this reduction in exposure cannot be equated with a reduction in risk. No study has provided evidence that switching from cigarettes to HT reduces the risk of tobacco-related diseases. HT cannot be considered as a cigarette cessation product and was even designed as a product to initiate or return to tobacco consumption. To promote this product, the tobacco industry essentially exploits the concept of harm reduction and, as such, tries in its commercial communication to create confusion between HT and electronic cigarettes, despite these two products having nothing in common. This promotion is based, on the one hand, on the data of internal studies in contradiction with those of independent studies, and, on the other, illegally, on social networks and communication in contradiction with the statements of regulation authorities. HT is a new lure offered by the tobacco industry, intended to maintain its profits in a world that is moving away from “traditional” cigarettes. It should be strictly advised against for both non-smokers and smokers.

In 2020, lung cancer was the cause of 18 % of all cancer deaths; smoking accounting for around 90 % of all lung cancers. Despite advances in lung cancer treatment, tobacco control measures are the most effective in curbing the lung cancer epidemic. Nevertheless, smoking cessation at all stages of the cancer process is associated with benefits in terms of cure, improved life expectancy and quality of life for patients, reduced medical or surgical complications, and reduced risk of recurrence or occurrence of a second primary cancer. Consequently, smoking cessation is an essential component of lung cancer treatment. All healthcare professionals, particularly those involved in the care of lung cancer patients, must help smokers to quit.

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Copyright of Psycho-Oncologie is the property of Tech Science Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lengas is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Le contexte actuel engendre des demandes d'aide à l'arrêt du tabac croissantes et la nécessité d'y répondre. C'est donc pour augmenter l'offre de prise en charge qu'a été conçue, durant le Moi(s) Sans Tabac 2018, cette expérience collective d'aide à l'arrêt du tabac, associant des séances de groupe hebdomadaires, un coaching infirmier et un lien avec les prescripteurs libéraux de substituts nicotiniques. L'objectif était de mettre en exergue les freins et leviers les plus contributifs de ce dispositif novateur, du point de vue des participants. Cette prise en charge collective pourrait être réitérée en routine pour accompagner efficacement un plus grand nombre de patients dans leur démarche d'arrêt. The current environment creates growing demands for cessation assistance and the need to respond to it. It is therefore to increase the offer of care that this collective experience of helping to stop smoking was designed, during the Moi (s) Sans Tabac 2018, combining weekly group sessions, a nursing coaching and a link with liberal prescribers of nicotine substitutes. The objective was to highlight the most contributing brakes and levers of this innovative device, from the participants' point of view. This collective care could be reiterated routinely to effectively support a larger number of patients in their process of arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines whether the electronic cigarette can reduce smoking. It only takes a few interviews (clinical or sociological) to be certain that the electronic cigarette is used by smokers to reduce or interrupt their smoking. Many controversies and agitations around the safety of its use evaporate in the face of certainty about the polymorphous dangers of smoking.

We present a number of 29 pipes and fragments of clay pipes found during the preventive archaeological excavation carried out in 2014 on Lucian Blaga and Radu Negru streets in Timișoara. According to the typology, we have three main groups : I. Reddish undecorated pipes, II. Ottoman pipes, III. Hungarian pipes, grouped by similar characteristics in shape, decorative pattern and clay type of which they were manufactured. The items display features characteristic of pipes produced in the Balkan and Central European area. Some resemble those discovered in 2006 in the historical centre of Timișoara (Sfântul Gheorghe and Libertății squares and 9 Mai Street) and published in 2012. The most common material used was very good quality grey clay, followed by reddish clay and kaolin. The items are serial, produced in moulds, simple or decorated predominantly with geometric, floral or combined pattern, or, later, by stamping or with cogwheel into the smooth paste before baking. The earliest pipe (Cat. 11) is smaller in size, made of gray clay and carefully worked, similar to the earlier clay pipes produced in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century. Pipes made of kaolin (Cat. 15– 23) are of different sizes, and were used during the 17th century, except one undecorated pipe (Cat. 27), which can be dated to the beginning of the 18th century. Ottoman clay pipes made of reddish-colored clay are larger compared to previous specimens and can be dated in the second half of 17th and in the early 18th century. The earliest pipes have short and thickened stem, and the ring very well shaped (Cat. 12), smaller volume of the bowl or of the combustion chamber (Cat. 14, 24), then, gradually, the stem has been elongated (Cat. 13, 25), the opening on the inside of the ring became larger, and the bowl and the combustion chamber became larger too (Cat. 26– 27, 29). Following the same features of Ottoman production, the pipe manufactured in Hungary, probably in the Austrian period, is richly decorated with patterns of lines and dots, spread on the entire surface of the piece (Cat. 28). An angle of approximately 900 between the stem and the bowl characterizes the earliest pipes analyzed in this study. Gradually, the opening angle begins to shrink, so that the angle of some pieces dated in the 18th century measures approximately 450. Another observation regards the position of the ring. For the earliest pieces, the ring is located towards the lower half of the stem, leaving its end more or less visible (Cat. 12– 13, 15– 17, 19– 20), while for the later pipes the ring is very prominent and situated at the end of the stem (Cat. 1– 7, 18, 25, 27– 28). Only one pipe was fully preserved, while the rest are fragmentary. The items were found in various archaeological contexts. Three pipes were found in archaeological features, two of them discovered during the excavation on Lucian Blaga Street, in the structures named C1 (Cat. 1) and C3 (Cat. 9). A third one came from Radu Negru Street, from the filling of C8 (Cat. 19). According to the analogies, these clay pipes were manufactured in the second half of the 17th century and the first half of 18th century. Although clay pipes are chronological markers, they could not be corroborated with the rest of the archaeological discoveries, so the absolute dating of the two wooden structures belonging to the Ottoman period remains unknown. We only know that, in the filling of C1 structure, two fragments of porcelain, dating from the 17th century, were found. Six clay pipes were found in the undisturbed filling of the archaeological layers, during the excavation on Lucian Blaga Street. The dating of the archaeological levels during the second half of the 17th century and at the beginning of 18th century is indicated by two pipes (Cat. 12, 27). The last Ottoman level of habitation from the end of 17th century to the first half of the 18th century is confirmed by the discovery of four fragments of clay pipes (Cat. 6, 11, 14, 25). The rest of the pipes were discovered in secondary position, in layers with mixed soil, in fillings with rubble resulting from the construction the Austrian drainage system, or in levels affected by urban interventions from modern times. Seven of the eight pipes originating from clearly Ottoman archaeological context were found in the northern half of the excavated section on Lucian Blaga Street, in the first three sectors, close to nowadays Libertății Square, where the ruins of a bath, used during the Ottoman period, were found (Fig. 5). It is quite possible that the agglomeration of pipes may have been generated by the presence of these structures which, in that period, were not only a facility for cleaning the body, but also for a place for spending the free time. Statistically, most clay pipes are dated in the second half of the 17th century, this being probably the period when the smoking habit was most widespread in Timișoara (Fig. 14). We cannot know their origin, because the pipes are not stamped. There is a possibility that two of the pipes have been brought from workshops in Varna, identified by the analogies in decoration (Cat. 24) or shape (Cat. 27). The majority of the clay pipes found at Timișoara (41.12%) belong to group I (reddish undecorated pipes). Relatively frequent is the group II. 3 (pipes from kaolin with glaze), which in Timișoara represents 18.69%, a high percentage compared to Greece (0.3– 2%) or Bulgaria (0.9– 3.8%). Their presence in Timișoara is probably due to the trade with nearby centres such as Budapest, Szekszárd, those in Serbia, or even Corinth, where the pipes are colored in shades of green, yellow and brown, similar to our items. Taking into account the large proportions of the archaeological excavation in Timișoara, the stratigraphic position of the pipes, in conjunction with the known chronology of the items published, may be a chronological marker for dating clay pipes found in other excavations, unpublished for the time being. Together with other artifacts, clay pipes are good indicators for the identification of the trade conducted between Ottoman Timișoara and cities or towns in the European provinces

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco is one of the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. Tobacco consumption among teenagers is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. Younger smokers are more liable to smoking complications. The objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of smoking among male secondary school students in the Northern Borders region, KSA. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted in Arar city. Four schools were chosen randomly from 21 secondary schools. A total of 240 students responded to the pre-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on demographic factors, smoking behavior and knowledge about smoking hazards. RESULTS: prevalence of current smoking among male secondary school students is 40.8%. Cigarette smoking was the most common type (67.3%) followed by Shish smoking(22.4%). Few students (2.1%) reported other forms of smoking, example (Hashish). Of the studied group, 39.8% smoke on a daily basis with 29.6% of them smoke more than five cigarettes per day. CONCLUSION: smoking is a prevalent habit among teenagers. Special concern should be directed to smoking cessation campaigns with behavioral, legal and economic interventions.

Introduction: Smoking is common in chronic hemodialysis patients who are characterized by a high cardiovascular risk., Patients & Methods: This is a multicenter cross-sectional study over a period of 4 months, from July 2021 to October 2021, in the Agadir province., Results: Among the 245 patients interviewed, 9,4% were current smokers and 16,7% were former smokers. Compared to non-smoking patients, former and current smokers were predominantly male, had more comorbidities, higher diastolic blood pressure, higher mean ultrafiltration rate and more antihypertensive treatments. In multivariate analysis, active smoking was significantly associated with the presence of cardiovascular disease., Conclusion: Smoking is an important and modifiable cardiovascular risk factor in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Smoking is considered a chronic disease and is a public health issue. Support for smoking cessation is well defined within healthcare establishments. Nurses and other paramedical professionals must also make their contribution, whatever their practice. At the University Hospital of Caen Normandie, the renal transplant nurse coordinator in the nephrology-dialysis-transplantation department, who holds a university diploma, works with patients with chronic kidney disease, alongside the nurse tobaccologist in the tobacco coordination unit., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The article aims to describe tobacco and e-cigarette use among pregnant women: estimate the prevalence, identify the determinants and motivations of these behaviours., Methods: Cross-sectional, multicentre, descriptive observational study using self-administered questionnaires for pregnant women who visited ELENA healthcare centers in May 2021., Results: Of 223 patients, 38% were smokers before pregnancy and 16% continued to smoke during pregnancy. Nearly all the smokers (98%) declared that they had reduced or stopped their tobacco use, mostly without help. Young age, lack of professional activity, an unfavourable reaction to the announcement of the pregnancy, heavy smoking before the pregnancy and the presence of a smoker spouse were associated with smoking during pregnancy. Our study identified 10% of vapers before pregnancy and 7.2% during pregnancy. Of those who vaped during pregnancy, 81% were smokers before pregnancy. Most of them used a nicotine containing liquid and 38% of vapers combined smoking and e-cigarettes during pregnancy. There was no association between vaping during pregnancy and smoking cessation. A minority of women had received information about smoking during pregnancy., Conclusions: The use of electronic cigarettes by pregnant women is a poorly-known reality in France, yet it concerns approximately 7% of the women in our sample. Prospective studies on larger numbers are needed to assess the prevalence of vaping among French pregnant women and its evolution during pregnancy., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: lung cancer is the most common cancer in men living Eastern Morocco. We here present the first report on the clinical, pathological and therapeutic features of lung cancer in Eastern Morocco. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of 738 patients diagnosed with lung cancer at the Hassan II, Oncology Center between October 2005 and December 2014. Results: among the cases studied, 671 patients were men and 67 women; 95.01% of men and 1.54% of women were smokers. The average age of patients was 59.1 ± 11.9 years. Most patients (97%) were diagnosed at advanced stage disease. Only 4 out of 227 patients with advanced adenocarcinoma underwent molecular test. In addition, no patient in our series received targeted therapy. In this series, 20.46% of patients had less than 50 years. Compared to patients aged 50 years and older, cannabis consumption was higher (p<0.001) in patients less than 50 years and as well as a higher rate of adenocarcinoma (p<0.01). By contrast, in these patients, tobacco consumption was lower (p<0.001) as well as the rate of squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.01) and small cell cancer (p<0.05). Conclusion: unlike Western countries, in Eastern Morocco lung cancer is diagnosed late, affects younger people and access to molecular tests is still very limited. These results justify the need to implement effective programs against lung cancer as well as to facilitate access to molecular tests and new therapeutic tools in Eastern Morocco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: PLHA who smoke have twice the never-smoker mortality rate and have an increased risk of developing non-AIDS diseases. The prevalence of tobacco smoking is higher among PLHA than in the general population. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of smoking among PLHA, to describe the clinical and spirometric features of smokers and ex-smokers and to assess their knowledge and attitudes toward smoking. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study among PLHA followed up in the Outpatient Department of the National University Hospital Center of Fann from 15 July to 15 December 2015. Results: three hundred (300) PLHA were included in the study. Sex ratio was 0.8. Out of the study population, 15% were smokers and 23.7% were ex-smokers. The average age of patients was 44.38±9.55 years. The quasi-totality of the smokers (91.1%) had already started smoking before the detection of the serological status and 35.6% of them had increased tobacco use after. Respiratory symptoms among smokers were dominated by respiratory distress (64.4%). Smokers who underwent spirometry had obstructive ventilatory impairment not improved by beta-2-mimetic agents (67%) and restrictive disease (28.1%). Out of ex-smokers, 40.8% reported that their serological status was the reason for smoking cessation. Conclusion: people may begin or increase smoking after knowledge of serological status. In PLHA, smoking causes cardiovascular and respiratory diseases as well as complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: La contraception orale estroprogestative (COEP) et le tabagisme sont individuellement associés à un risque accru d'événements cardiovasculaires. Selon la HAS (Haute Autorité de Santé), l'association COEP et tabagisme de plus de quinze cigarettes par jour chez les femmes âgées de plus de 35 ans, devrait être évitée. Cet article analyse les représentations du tabagisme et ses influences sur le choix contraceptif de femmes fumeuses. Le désir d'appartenir à un groupe et de transgresser l'interdit familial, parents fumeurs ou non, incitait à fumer la première cigarette. La poursuite du tabagisme était attachée au plaisir qu'il procurait, dépendance ressentie ou pas et à la convivialité entre fumeurs. Les effets délétères financiers ou sur la santé étaient connus. Ils motivaient parfois le sevrage tabagique. La perception d'un risque cardiovasculaire ou thromboembolique lié à l'association tabagisme et COEP, guidait parfois le choix contraceptif : contraception progestative, méthode non hormonale médicalisée ou pas. Il reposait souvent sur le prescripteur, pas toujours informé du tabagisme. Les professionnels de santé devraient proposer régulièrement une aide au sevrage tabagique. Combined oral contraceptives (COC) and smoking are correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In France, according to the HAS, the combination of COC and smoking more than fifteen cigarettes a day, among women over 35 years old, should be avoided. This article analyzes representations of smoking and its influences on women's contraceptive choice. The desire to belong to a group and to rebel against parental authority, irrespective of whether parents smoke or not, encouraged people to smoke their first cigarette. Continuation of smoking was linked to the pleasure it provided, addiction (whether it is conscious or not), and the sharing between smokers. The desire to quit smoking was often driven by the known consequences to health or by the cost. Furthermore, combining smoking and COC should influence the contraceptive choice: pure-progestogen contraception, non-hormonal medicalized method or none. The prescriber often contributes to this choice, even though he was not informed about smoking. Adverse tobacco effects should encourage health professionals to offer regular weaning assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of 3 persons in Latvia is a smoker. Smoking has been proved to be linked to different cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The overall purpose of the study addresses smoking as a cost-benefit subject in Latvian state economy. A model to perform evidence-based cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was developed highlighting direct and indirect costs borne by the state, smokers and second-hand smokers. The paper envisages the approach to building the model. As the first study on economic impact of smoking in Latvia, the CBA results demonstrate substantial excess of financial benefits from smoking citizens in Latvia. Authors discuss the smoking attributable fraction (SAF) eligibility and needs in data to discover the full impact of smoking on health and non-health aspects.

A 36-year-old woman presented herself to our out-patient clinic because she noticed that her tongue turned turned partially hairy. She has been smoking 25 cigarettes a day for the last 17 years. Otherwise the patient was healthy. Clinical exam showed a soft yellowish tongue with a hairy center. The rest of the clinical exam was normal. A hairy tongue is a commen benign clinical condition caused by proliferation of the papillae facilitating the collection of bacteria and debris and finially in discoloartion. The discoloration can vary from black, brown to yellow. Contributing factors are smoking, excessive consumation of coffee, alcohol, poor oral hygienes, hyposalivation, eating a soft diet and the use of certain antibiotics such as tetracyclines. The treatment consists of the correction of the contributing factors. In our case the cessation of smoking and the improvement of oral hygiene was recommended.