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Modeling the interaction between prey and predator plays an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecological system. In this paper, a discrete-time mathematical model is constructed via a forward Euler scheme, and then studied the dynamics of the model analytically and numerically. The analytical results show that the model has two fixed points, namely the origin and the interior points. The possible dynamical behaviors are shown analytically and demonstrated numerically using some phase portraits. We show numerically that the model has limit-cycles on its interior. This guarantees that there exists a condition where both prey and predator maintain their existence periodically.

La myasthénie est une pathologie auto-immune acquise rare à l'origine de la déficience de la transmission neuro-musculaire dont la forme juvénile se manifeste souvent par une atteinte oculaire exclusive. Nous rapportons deux cas de myasthénie juvénile oculaire (MJO) au sein d'une même fratrie. il s'agit de deux fillettes XA et XB respectivement âgées de 11 et 9 ans d'origine malienne résidant au Togo, issues d'un mariage consanguin de 1er degré, amenées en consultation d'ophtalmologie, pour une baisse progressive de l'acuité visuelle (AV). XA avait aux deux yeux, une AV à 8/10 et XB, une AV de 3/10 améliorée au trou sténopéïque à 7/10 en faveur d'une amétropie. XA présentait un ptosis bilatéral qui remontait à l'âge de 2 ans avec une action du releveur de la paupière supérieure (RPS) à 7 mm et XB, un ptosis bilatéral remontant à l'âge de 3 ans avec une action du RPS nulle. Pour les deux, le test au glaçon était franchement positif, le signe de Cogan présent avec une parésie oculo motrice sans diplopie. Le dosage des auto- anticorps anti récepteurs de l'acéthylcholine était normal. Le diagnostic de MJO associée à une amétropie a été évoqué. Une correction optique de l'amétropie par des lunettes et un traitement spécifique par la pyridostigmine avait été instaurée mais les patientes ont été perdues de vue. la myasthénie auto-immune avec des manifestations ophtalmologiques inaugurales est rare mais possible chez l'enfant en Afrique subsaharienne où des études sont nécessaires pour y déterminer les éventuelles particularités de la maladie.

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Water pollution remains a critical environmental issue in Indonesia, particularly exemplified by the algae bloom phenomenon in Bima Bay. As a potential solution, it is necessary to treat the water with phytoremediation, which involves the use of a combination of various aquatic plants. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Ipomoea aquatica, Pistia stratiotes, and Eichhornia crassipes, along with Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) as a bioremediator, in reducing pollutants in Bima Bay. This study adopts a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group design. Results show that the initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the river water was 539.7 milligrams per liter (mg/L), while the phosphate (PO4) concentration was 0.16 mg/L. Phytoremediation using the Ipomoea aquatica (water spinach), Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce), and Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) plants has demonstrated the effective reduction of river water COD level by 5.3 mg/L to 95.5 mg/L. However, the method proved ineffective in reducing river water PO4 level, with an increase of 0.03 mg/L to 0.32 mg/L. The Kruskal-Wallis test yielded statistically significant results, indicating notable differences in COD and PO4 levels in river water across various measurement periods within each treatment group. The findings indicate that phytoremediation using Ipomoea aquatica, Pistia stratiotes, and Eichhornia crassipes with EM4 as a bioremediator is an effective approach for reducing COD levels in river water. However, this method proved less effective in reducing PO4 levels, which may continue to pose challenges in addressing water pollution in Bima Bay.

Tidal floods are one of the threats that occur in coastal areas. The impact is felt for the community, as well as other impacts felt for the surrounding ecosystem, namely the mangrove population, where tidal floods that continue to occur can have a serious impact on the community and mangrove vegetation because they can threaten the sustainability of the mangroves. This research uses GIS to map tidal flood inundation areas and determine their relationship with biophysical factors. Spearman correlation is used to determine the relationship between points in tidal flood areas and biophysical factors such as elevation, slope, distance from rivers and distance from the beach. The research results show that the four variable factors are related to the point of tidal flood inundation. Distance from the river greatly influences the tidal flood point in Medan Belawan District, with a correlation coefficient value of -0.100. This is because rivers act as a medium for the entry of water from the sea without any obstacles to entering the land, so when the river flow reaches its carrying capacity, sea water immediately overflows into residential areas.

The utilization of biomass residue for energy production holds significant importance within the context of sustainable energy initiatives in Indonesia, aligning with the guidelines set forth in Government Regulation No. 79 of 2014 on national energy development. This paper aims to comprehensively review the mapping analysis of biomass potential on Java to support fueling the steam powerplants, with biomass energy sources. This study also places emphasis on the assessment of residual resources, considering it a strategic tool to delineate their distribution and contribute to achieving the mandated target of biofuel constituting over 5% of the total energy supply by 2025. The methodology introduced in this review aims to outline a systematic approach for evaluating energy production from biomass residue, positioning it as a critical element in the country’s energy development trajectory. The estimation of overall residue availability relies on a combination of statistical data and on-site observations. Additionally, the determination of key parameters such as residue-to-product ratio, moisture content, and heating value draws insights from relevant scholarly works. Through this comprehensive analytical approach, the study seeks to provide a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted aspects associated with the utilization of biomass residue for energy production.

The environment is an important issue that continues to be discussed from the past, now, and even in the future. One important aspect of environmental problems is environmental change. In a historical context, the environmental conditions are the impact of human behavior in the past. Environmental changes are not only targeting urban areas but also rural areas, including the Regentschap Pemalang area during the colonial era. This research examined environmental changes in the Regentschap Pemalang during the colonial era from 1870 to 1942. It focused on three main aspects, there were background, process, and the impact of environmental change. The method used in this research was the historical method. The results of this research indicated that the background to environmental changes in Regentschap Pemalang was the activity of colonialism and capitalism. The colonial government as the ruler at that time issued policies that supported the activities of colonialism and capitalism. The presence of private capital and the desire to gain large profits led to massive exploitation of natural resources which then changed the environmental structure in Regenstcap Pemalang. These changes had an impact on environmental damage. It caused floods and droughts. Environmental changes during the colonial period in Regentschap Pemalang were a necessity because they were in the grip of exploitative colonial power.

The condition of seagrass meadows is required information for conducting comprehensive management plans in coastal areas. This study provides information on the ecological condition of the seagrass ecosystem in Lembeh Island, based on seagrass species richness and coverage, macroalgal coverage, epiphyte coverage, and water transparency. We collected the data by performing 24 line transects at eight stations across the island. The seagrass ecosystem condition was determined using the Seagrass Ecological Quality Index (SEQI, range 0-1). We recorded eight seagrass species in the study site, with coverage of 48.88 ± 12.35% (mean ± SE). Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii were the most common species in the sampling stations. The coverage of macroalgal and epiphyte was substantially low, indicated by values of 1.64 ± 0.41% and 12.64 ± 3.57%, respectively. Our analysis showed that most of the seagrass meadows in Lembeh Island are in poor condition (SEQI mean: 0.48 ± 0.03), especially in the locations inside Lembeh Strait. Moderate conditions were only found outside Lembeh Strait, such as in Pancuran, Limangu, and Pasir Panjang (SEQI values: 0.60, 0.58, and 0.56, respectively). We suggest a long-term seagrass monitoring program to evaluate the trend of condition, a restoration program, and improve water environment quality.

This study aims to determine the morphology, biomass production and nutrient analysis of four cultivars of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) in teak tree forest area Megeri village, Blora Regency, Central Java. Four cultivars of napier grass namely Gama Umami, Biovitas, Pakchong, and Zanzibar being cultivated in teak tree forest area. The teak tree forest area was in Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) UGM. Previously there was no cultivation of new improved napier grass cultivars in KHDTK. Therefore, it is interestingly to investigate the introduction and growth ability in this area. Grasses were cultivated using stem cuttings approximately 15 cm and maintained for 4 months using a completely randomized design with 4 replications for each cultivar. During the cultivation period, morphological characteristics were observed including plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and tiller numbers. Plant was harvested after 4 month of cultivation and determine for biomass production and nutritional value of grass. The morphological characteristics and nutrient analysis among napier grass cultivars showed the similar trend. Gama Umami, Biovitas, and Pakchong had significantly higher biomass production than that Zanzibar cultivar.

The objective of this study focusing on production BC1F1 progeny of interspecific hybridization in ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) were to evaluate potential of pentaploid BC1F1 hybrid for seed propagation by associating with their tiller number, flowering, and shattering ability. In addition, we evaluate the function of various nitrogen dose on vegetative stages. Eight different genotypes were examined: B. ruziziensis ‘Kennedy’, B. decumbens ‘Basilisk’, pentaploid BC1F1 line derived from B. ruziziensis and Mulato (RM), pentaploid BC1F1 line derived from diploid B. ruziziensis and tetraploid B. ruziziensis (RR), and pentaploid BC1F1 lines derived from B. ruziziensis and B. decumbens (RD 1-4). The experimental plants treated with three level of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 4, and 8 kg/10a). Compared with parental line, RM line had high tiller number along with increasing level of nitrogen. For the flowering and shattering ability, the first lines to flowered and shattered was the pentaploid BC1F1 (RD 1-4), RR, and B. decumbens. Pentaploid BC1F1 lines derived from B. ruziziensis and B. decumbens (RD 1-4) had potential for seed propagation by associating with their flowering and shattering ability, while pentaploid BC1F1 line derived from B. ruziziensis and Mulato (RM) had the potential biomass production and yield ability by associating with its tiller number production.

INTRODUCTION: Les anomalies congénitales oculaires sont des entités cliniques rares dans le monde. Le but de cette étude est de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques des anomalies congénitales oculaires au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Campus de Lomé. METHODES: une étude rétrospective a été réalisée de janvier 2016 à décembre 2018 (3 ans) dans le service d´ophtalmologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Campus de Lomé. Elle a concerné les enfants porteurs d´anomalies congénitales oculaires. Les variables d´étude ont été: le sexe; l´âge au moment du diagnostic; le type d´anomalies congénitales oculaires; la latéralité. RESULTATS: sur 2621 enfants examinés durant la période d´étude, 103 (3,9%) étaient porteurs d´anomalies congénitales oculaires. Des 103 patients, il y avait 60 (58,2%) garçons et 43 (41,8%) filles. L´âge moyen de diagnostic était de 16 ± 5,2 mois (extrêmes: 1 mois et 5 ans). L´anomalie congénitale oculaire la plus fréquente était la cataracte (53,4 %). Les atteintes unilatérales étaient prépondérantes (56,3%). Les anomalies congénitales oculaires étaient: isolées (82,5%) ; associées aux anomalies systémiques (11,7%); associées entre elles (5,8%). CONCLUSION: ces résultats indiquent que les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques des anomalies congénitales oculaires se rapprochent de celles rapportées dans la littérature. Cependant, dans notre milieu, la fréquence des anomalies congénitales oculaires et l´âge de diagnostic sont élevés. Il est important de diagnostiquer tôt les anomalies congénitales oculaires dans le but d´assurer la prise en charge et de préserver la fonction visuelle.

This study aims to examine the use of information technology through the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI), Twitter account @bp2mi_ri. It is concerned with the management of BP2MI in public communication using social media in the information disclosure era. Furthermore, it maps the information in Twitter account @bp2mi_ri related to the issue of Indonesian migrant workers. This also explored the Twitter account @bp2mi_ri by utilizing computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS), such as NVivo 12 plus to determine the level of sentiment, dominance of information, and influential actors in relations to the Indonesian Migrant Workers (TKI). The results showed that BP@MI has maximized social media, specifically Twitter, in communicating with the public, and the sentiment tends to be negative. This study is important in terms of efforts to distribute information to employees, including those in the agricultural sector, employers, and especially the families of migrant workers living in rural areas, in order to promote sustainable development.

The massive adoption of mobile commerce during the COVID-19 period has become the only way for consumers to sustain their consumption. However, as we enter the endemic phase, the continuity of this modern shopping mode is still questionable, whether consumers continue to use it or discontinue it. To address this issue, we integrate the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to empirically predict the antecedents of consumers' continuous usage of m-commerce in a post COVID-19 setting. Through an online survey, primary data was collected from 202 consumers in Indonesia who had at least twice purchased via an m-commerce application in the last six months. The data was then analyzed using a variance-based structural equation modeling technique (SEM-PLS). The results showed that all nine identified constructs from UTAUT2 (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, habit) and SDT (autonomy, competence, relatedness) had a positive and significant impact on the continuous usage intention of m-commerce among Indonesian users and affirm prior research findings as well. Furthermore, habit was found to be the strongest predictor of influencing consumer behavior towards m-commerce applications. This finding provides further enrichment to the theory based on the integrated UTAUT2 and SDT models. Practically, the current results are essential to marketing strategies as they add novel insights pertaining to consumers' expenditure through m-commerce apps during post-COVID-19 in emerging markets.

This study aims to find out more closely and more clearly about the tradition of the Mogama marriage ceremony and the meaning of the traditional symbols of the Mogama marriage ceremony tradition. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method where in this study the author conducted a study in Bilalang Village 1 of Kotamobagu City, with the subject of the study being the traditional leader in Bilalang village and the number of informants, namely ten people, meaning the village government, community leaders, and the general public. The results of research on the tradition of the Mogama marriage ceremony in the village of Bilalang 1 is a tradition that has been carried out for generations. This tradition contains the meaning for the pick-up of the bride, which the groom's family holds as a symbol where the family and parents of the man sincerely accept the Woman to be a child and part of the man's family. This tradition is a must that must be held because if not, then the customary sanction is that the Woman is not allowed to end up in the groom's house during her life unless the Mogama custom has done it.

Surface sterilization is a vital step in preparation of healthy and viable explants in tissue culture. Most surface contaminants can be eliminated by surface sterilization with a suitable sterilizing agent. The study aimed to present an effective disinfection method for Clinacanthus nutans shoot regeneration using nodal segments. A total of four different sterilization approaches were conducted by treating nodal explants with various concentrations of sterilizing agent. Sterilizing agents used were Rhizophora apiculata Pyroligneous acid (PA), sodium hypochlorite (Clorox) thiophanate-methyl (fungicide), and Mercuric chloride (HgCl2). Nodal explant then was cultured on plant growth regulator-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. This study sterilizing agents revealed that PA showed strong bactericidal activity. However, it led to a high number of fungal contaminations. The pyroligneous acid did not exhibit a strong potential as a disinfectant for C. nutans nodal explant. Overall, HgCl2 exhibits the best reduction in fungal contamination and gives a significant result with thiophanate-methyl fungicide. Surface sterilization with mercuric chloride (0.2%) for 1 hour was the optimum concentration and duration, which resulted in the highest percentage of nodal explant survival and viability. All viable nodal segments developed into shoots. It had been concluded that the best surface sterilization agent was HgCl2.

Performance and reusability of different zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-PVP and ZnO-PEG) for photocatalytic degradation of palm-mill oil effluent (POME) has been studied. The nanoparticles properties were characterised with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM results show that ZnO-PEG nanoparticles exhibit the smaller size than ZnO-PVP with less agglomeration. It was found that ZnO-PEG shows better effectiveness than ZnO-PVP in reducing turbidity, colour and increasing the dissolved oxygen (DO). By using two types of reusability methods: (a) oven drying (b) hot water rinsing, the oven drying method portrayed the most efficient route for POME treatment. This research would be a solution to the palm oil industry for photocatalyst recovering as well as reduction of the chemical usage in order to meet the development of advanced and greener technologies.

In the past few years, Malaysian athletes have gained international recognition with their impressive, world-record breaking accomplishments. As a result of this, Malaysian athletes are finding themselves being interviewed and giving speeches at local and international events. For professional athletes, there is a need and a duty to be able to communicate their stories and experiences as well as giving real insight and opinions about their performances, confidently, to both local and global audiences. In addressing these audiences, it is important for these professional athletes to be confident and are able to converse well using the English language, especially so when addressing a global audience. However, some Malaysian athletes are facing difficulties in communicating confidently and coherently, especially in English. It is a recognised and acknowledged skill gap in which is believed should be tackled during the formative school years. It is possible that the skill gap stems from a lack of motivation and poor attitude beginning from secondary school. This paper discusses the findings of a study undertaken to investigate these issues further by carrying out a questionnaire survey on the attitudes and motivation of Malaysian secondary sports school students in East Malaysia towards learning English as a second language. The study reveals an overall positive attitude towards learning English by the sports students. In addition, the findings reveal that the sports school students are extrinsically and intrinsically motivated in learning English. The study concludes with recommendations for future research and is expected to make a contribution to the literature of attitudes and motivation especially for but not limited to secondary sports school students.

Value Added Tax (VAT) for Drinking Water Supply System (DWSS) in Indonesia has not been formulated impartially, holistically and comprehensively by involving related institutions/ ministries. There are disputes that causes a high cost of taxation that discourages the achievement of Millennium Development Goals target. It is notably significant to put the VAT policy on DWSS in the paradigm of national interests and fulfillment of human rights. This study used the paradigm of constructivism with data collection technique through in-depth interviews and Focused Group Discussion (FGD). An evidence based policy was adopted to conduct a better outcome of the study to promote amendment of related VAT regulations. The results of the study indicate an inconsistency between VAT policy and Government Regulations, both Minister of Health Regulations and other Ministries Regulations on Drinking Water Supply System. The impact of the inconsistency was the tax dispute that ultimately causes a high cost of taxation on both sides as well as VAT treatment inconsistency within the drinking water providers (PDAMs) themselves. A practical implication of this study generates the enactment of Government Regulation Number 40/2015 as an amendment of prior regulation concerning VAT exemption on DWSS.

One of the common ways to overcome wear is by surface modification which is a coating process. The application of cermet of chromium (Cr carbide) in Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr) matrix is widely used as coating material since it provides high wear resistant. Besides, thermal spray process is widely known as the most suitable technique to produce cermet coating. In this study, chromium carbide-nickel chrome (Cr3C2- NiCr) powder is used as the feedstock. High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying is used to deposit the coating on mild steel substrate to study the behaviour of wear of the coating. The wear test is conducted by using TABER Linear Abrasion Wear Test machine. The wear rate of both coated and uncoated pin is measured by measuring the weight loss of the samples. The Cr3C2-NiCr coated pins have shown less weight loss than the uncoated pins. The lifetime prediction of Cr3C2-NiCr coated pins is higher than the uncoated pins at different time duration and applied loads. The results showed that the wear resistant properties of Cr3C2-NiCr coated pins are higher than the uncoated pins. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) integrated with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) are used to determine the microstructure of Cr3C2-NiCr coating. The microstructure of Cr3C2-NiCr coated pin after the wear testing showed no presence of crack and the wear track was homogenous.

Internship program is compulsory for Bachelor in Accounting (BIA) students in University Kuala Lumpur (UniKL). We believed internship program is useful to facilitate students learning opportunities outside classroom. These experiences provide the opportunity to apply classroom theory into real working environment thus enhancing students’ academic and career goals. Constructive comments from supervisor will give us indicator that we must prepare the students with all aspects of accounting wide knowledge. Employer’s feedback is important in preparing the students for the industry by developing a better programme structure and subjects offered. It is indirectly improves the lecturers’ teaching methods and skills. Therefore, this paper explores the employers’ perception towards internship programme for accounting students in Universiti Kuala Lumpur. Data was collected from employer’s feedback form using five point-likert scales distributed to employers of the participating companies from Semester January 2013 to Semester January 2015. The evaluation form is used to evaluate the students’ performance throughout their 6 months internship period. The statistical results found that student’s score is positively associated with employer’s feedback. The results also indicate that the employers’ perception is important for the students in preparing themselves for the industry and for the university in developing proper programme structure.

The purpose of this paper is to study accounting students at Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) institutions who are predominantly Bumiputra about their perception of the accounting profession, their grit level, the need for financial assistance and whether or not these are significant in influencing them to become professionally qualified accountants. The research was conducted using a questionnaire survey structured around seven independent variables and translated into 27 statements which was then distributed to accounting students at various MARA institutions. To analyse the data, descriptive and regression analysis were employed and the findings show that all predictor variables explain about 6.3 percent of the variability of students’ intention to pursue professional qualification. The research results also show that when studying the independent variables individually, only three independent variables have significant relationship with students’ intention to pursue professional qualification. These are job security or stability, financial assistance and grit. The findings have implications for accounting educators as well as the professional bodies and other related organisations in their effort to increase the number of professionally qualified accountants in Malaysia. The study also provides evidence that students’ grittiness is a significant factor in influencing them to become professionally qualified accountants.

Urbanization and rapid growth in construction have led to the problems of global warming and urban heat island throughout the world. In order to reduce these problems particularly in hot and humid climatic region, a research on current level of outdoor thermal comfort and wind characteristics based on the local weather conditions around Malaysia should be conducted. This paper reports on the analysis of outdoor thermal comfort level at hottest temperatures and wind characteristics at three locations in Peninsular Malaysia by using hourly climatic data recorded by Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia). The level of outdoor thermal comfort was assessed based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The results showed extreme heat stress conditions have occurred at Alor Setar, Kuantan, and Subang with UTCI values of 51.2°C, 49.7°C, and 49.0°C respectively taking into account only temperature data from the year 2012 to 2014. However, for 20 years data from 1994 to 2014, the calculated UTCI also showed extreme heat stress conditions with their respective values of 49.6°C, 43.8°C, and 49.7°C for Alor Setar, Kuantan, and Subang respectively. Meanwhile, the hourly mean wind speed for three years data at Alor Setar, Kuantan, and Subang, were 1.70m/s, 1.69m/s, and 1.63m/s respectively. The highest mean wind speed of 11.6m/s was observed at Subang, while no wind movement (i.e. 0m/s) was considered to be the lowest hourly wind speed for all three locations. The observed prevailing wind direction for all the three locations was from the north (0°). It can be concluded that Peninsular Malaysia is generally facing extreme heat stress problem due to unfavourable climatic conditions.