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A coerência é comumente abordada no paradigma da linguística textual (Fávero, 1991; Koch; Travaglia, 1997). Propomos uma abordagem alternativa desse fenômeno em sala de aula estabelecendo um diálogo entre semiótica discursiva (Greimas, Courtés, 2012; Greimas, 2014 [1983]) e semântica dinâmica (Stalnaker, 1999; Portner, Partee, 2002). Da primeira disciplina, emprestaremos os conceitos de isotopias e contrato de veridicção; da segunda, contradição e common ground. A aproximação desses dois ferramentais analíticos permitirá distinguir incoerências internas e incoerências externas. As primeiras emergem quando há contradição entre ideias dentro de um mesmo texto, enquanto as segundas decorrem de uma contradição entre uma proposição do texto e o repositório de saberes comuns partilhado pelos sujeitos da enunciação. O rendimento de aplicação desses conceitos será demonstrado primeiramente na análise de textos mais simples extraídos de redes sociais, passando em seguida para textos visuais para, por fim, desembocar em textos verbais mais complexos. As atividades didáticas se pautam pelos princípios da aprendizagem ativa baseada em cooperação (Pilati, 2017; Johnson et al., 1998; Johnson, Johnson, 2008). A abordagem proposta permite reconhecer incoerências propositalmente empregadas com fins retóricos, argumentativos e estéticos.

This article aims to discuss the role of timbre (tone colour) within the theoretical framework of French Semiotics (Greimas & Cortés, 1979) as well as the Brazilian Semiotics of Song, namely the main theoretic core built up by Tatit (1986, 1997, 2002, 2004, 2007) and its most recent developments made by Carmo Jr. (2005, 2007). Timbre (tone colour) is usually regarded as a non-finite inventory. This issue remains problematic since the semiotic point of view taken into account considers pitch and rhythm as the distinctive elements of the melody, other parameters behaving as non-distinctive traits, e.g. dynamics, tempo and timbre. Therefore, a given melody can be manifested by any timbre without losing its purely formal identity. Based on the conceptual opposition “schema vs. usage”, proposed by Hjelmslev and largely accepted in the works of Paris’ School Semiotics, this article argues that timbre behaves as an usage-related variant. The analyzed material was extracted from the verbal descriptions of timbre as presented in orchestration and instrumentation handbooks. These data will be interpreted in terms of implication and concession, as conceptualized in the tensive semiotics approach (Fontanille & Zilberberg, 1998; Zilberberg, 2011). This hypothesis can be corroborated by additional evidences of similar phenomena found in the grammatical system of natural languages as well as in its discursive praxis. It is expected that the arguments presented in this article can contribute to the discussion about a semiotic approach to timbre.

A publicidade infantil trabalha com diversos simulacros da criança a fim de persuadir mais eficazmente o enunciatário. Analisamos os jingles criados para o Café Seleto e para o Leite Parmalat. Neste trabalho, privilegiamos a relação da criança com o produto anunciado, propondo uma tipologia dos alimentos.

This paper presents a markup model for encoding non-SI units and measurements. Historical texts contain many examples of compound measurements, composed of sets of units and numerical components. Instead of using the element, which requires a single set of @unit and @quantity, we propose a newly defined set of tags for encoding idiosyncratic measurement semantics, namely (model.encodingDescPart), (model.global and contained by ), (model.measureLike), and a relevant attribute @factor (which shows factors of numerical values given in a referenced element). All of these elements and attributes will be included in the TEI P5 Guidelines, and they are especially useful when encoding units that are not based on the decimal system. Though this paper offers example encodings based on a Japanese historical source, the Engi-Shiki, this model is also applicable to the markup of units used for measurement within various cultural spheres other than Japan.

Arsine is one of the most potent hemolytic agents. It is important to clarify arsine metabolism as well as its chemical interactions with biological components. The aim of the present study was to clarify arsine metabolism by arsenic speciation analysis in serum and urine from an acute poisoning patient with hematuria, anemia, and renal and liver dysfunction. Speciation analysis of arsenics in serum and urine was performed using HPLC-ICP-MS. The total arsenic (T-As) concentration in serum was 244.8 μg/l at admission and 97.1 μg/l at discharge. In the speciation analysis, four kinds of As compounds derived from arsine metabolism were detected in serum and urine. The concentration of arsenite (AsIII), arsenate (AsV), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in serum at admission were 45.8, 5.2, 17.9 and 9.3 μg/l, respectively. The concentrations of AsIII, AsV, and MMA decreased with biological half time (BHT) of 30.1, 43.0, and 96.3 h, respectively. Only DMA was increased at discharge. The urinary AsIII, AsV, MMA and DMA concentrations were 223.0, 12.1, 317.5 and 1053.5 μg/l at discharge, and decreased with BHT of 15.1, 20.8, 14.7, and 16.0 d, respectively. The results indicate that arsine was quickly metabolized to AsIII and subsequently up to DMA, with the result that the toxic effects of inorganic arsenic were added to those of arsine toxicity.