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A map of convergent television viewing practices and of their evolutions. A peculiar "inverted pyramid" model is defined to trace and define those practices.

International audience; Aging is frequently associated with a decreased postural stability, essentially after 60 years, leading to an increased risk of falling. In this article we propose to highlight the influence of the aging of the neuromuscular system on postural stability when standing upright. To maintain balance while standing upright, human needs to control the activity of ankle muscles and particularly the plantar flexors. During the aging process, the performance of these muscles are strongly altered. It is commonly observed large deficits in elderly people with history of falls. Some authors reported an inverse correlation between the amplitude of postural sway and the capacity of force production of ankle muscles suggesting that the assessment of neuromuscular function could be an index of postural stability or even of the falling risk. Finally, enhance the strength of ankle muscles in elderly through physical exercise could be an adequate intervention to improve postural stability and reduce the incidence of falls.

Il saggio ricostruisce la fase di istituzionalizzazione del medium televisivo in Italia, concentrandosi in particolare sul processo di costruzione di un’immagine stabile e definita di audience televisiva, attraverso l’analisi e la collazione di diversi tipi di fonti: riferimenti agli spettatori e simulacra del pubblico inscritti nei primi programmi ancora conservati negli archivi della Rai, immagini spettatoriali modellate dai dirigenti, dai produttori e dai tecnici televisivi e poi fissate in diversi paratesti, quali i report e le pubblicazioni aziendali (il «Radiocorriere» su tutte), l’idea del pubblico che nel periodo emerge dalla stampa quotidiana (in particolare dal «Corriere della Sera» e il «Corriere dell’informazione») e dalle riviste popolari («La televisione illustrata»), così come dalla prima critica televisiva.

To validate a French physical activity score for current use in healthy elderly people.A brief questionnaire was developed for healthy elderly subjects older than 72 years. Questions asked about self-assessed physical fitness (1), daily activity (2), leisure and sport activity (5) and rest time (1). Correlations were searched between the score and several parameters of physical fitness: maximal exercise stress test (peak VO(2)), six-minute walk test, 200-meter long walk test, timed up an go test.A total of 57 subjects were studied (mean age, 77.6 +/-3.6 years; 28 females and 29 males). The mean time to complete the questionnaire was 3.96 minutes. Reproducibility was 0.606, as determined by Spearman's coefficient. Correlations were found between the physical activity score and peak VO(2) (0.302, P0.05) and peak power (0.257, P0.10).This easily obtained physical activity score provides a new way to assess physical activity in active elderly subjects. The physical score correlated in part with maximal ability but must be validated in several diseases.