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Introduction: Acute leukemia is both a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Our study aimed to describe the prognostic factors and survival of adults with acute leukemia in Burkina Faso., Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with retrospective data collection covering a period of 4.5 years (2018-2022) in two university hospitals in Burkina Faso. Were included all patients over 18 years hospitalized for acute leukemia in these sites with a usable medical record., Results: A total of 42 cases were collected, of which 45% suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 43% from acute myeloid leukemia. In 12% of cases, acute leukemia was not classified. The average age was 35 ± 15 years, with extremes of 19 and 72 years. 12% of the patients presented an age of poor prognosis. Comorbidities were present in 14% of patients. The deterioration in general condition was fairly constant with 95% of patients at WHO stages 3 and 4. All patients presented with bone marrow failure syndrome and tumor syndrome was found in 45%. Anemia and thrombocytopenia were present in almost all cases. Hyperleukocytosis at diagnosis was present in 28 patients (67%); among them 18 patients (64%) had leukocytes greater than 50 G/L. Death in hospital was found in 38% of patients and loss of sight in 31%. The median survival was 3 months. Survival was 30% at 6 months and 0% at 12 months., Conclusion: Acute leukemias are in our practice conditions of poor prognosis with a fairly short survival., (Copyright © 2023 SFMTSI.)

Introduction: in Burkina Faso, blood transfusion is carried out with only ABO and RHD compatibility between the donor and the recipient. Such a practice carries risks of alloimmunisation, which can lead to clinical complications especially in polytransfused patients. The objective is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with alloimmunisation in polytransfused patients with non-phenotyped red blood cells at Souro Sanou University Hospital., Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study in polytransfused patients in the clinical departments of the University Hospital Souro Sanou over a 3-month period (March to May 2019). In each of the 141 patients included, 5 ml of whole blood was collected in an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube for testing for irregular antibodies. Irregular antibody testing was performed using the indirect Coombs gel filtration technical., Results: in total, the frequency of alloimmunisation obtained was 5.67%. The majority of the antibodies identified belonged to the Rhesus systems and Kell. We found no statistically significant relationship between age, sex, disease history, number of bags transfused and the positivity of the Irregular Antibody test (p = 0.37, p = 0, 75, p = 0.96)., Conclusion: we found that the risk of alloimmunisation is major. Additional measures should be taken to strengthen the immunological safety of transfusions in Burkina Faso. We propose that in Burkina Faso, anti-globulin compatibility testing should be performed systematically in patients with a high risk of immunisation., Competing Interests: Les auteurs ne déclarent aucun conflit d'intérêts., (Copyright: Yétéma Dieudonné Yonli et al.)

Objectives: In Burkina Faso, blood components must comply with national standards. Then, all Transfusion services must implement a quality control process to ensure compliance. Our study aims to establish the main characteristics of blood components of the regional transfusion center of Ouagadougou, and evaluate the capability of this center to improve its manufacturing process., Methods: We conducted from marsh to December 2014 a pre-post study, assessing blood components' characteristics before and after the implementation of a six months' improvement plan. The assessed parameters were: volume, hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in RBCs; volume and the number of platelets in PPCs; and volume and concentration of clotting factor VIII in fresh frozen plasma (FFP), respectively. Three hundred and twelve RBCs and 280 PCs were randomly selected for the first series of controls, and 215 RBCs, 54 PCs and 60 FFP were selected for the second series of controls. We compared the mean values of the components parameters and the overall non-compliance rates for each series., Results: The average Hb level of RBCs was respectively 47.8±8.9g and 54.7±7.2g in the first and second series compare to a standard of≥40g. Non-compliance rates of Hb level decreased significantly from 17.6% to 1.4%. For PCs units, the mean number of platelets was 0.14±0.10×10 11 and 0.30±0.15×10 11 in the first and second period compare to a standard of 0.5×10 11 . Non-compliance rates for platelets number were high 97.1% and 72.2%., Conclusion: The study demonstrates that only RBCs complied with national standards. The study also demonstrates the capability of CRTSO to improve blood components' processing even if for PCs and FFP, NC rates remain high. QC must be maintained and expanded to the others regional blood centers of the country., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Pernicious anemia (also known as Biermer disease or anemia, Addison or Addisonian anemia, and Addison-Biermer anemia) is an autoimmune atrophic gastritis responsible for vitamin B12 malabsorption due to a deficiency of intrinsic factor. We report eight cases of pernicious anemia in Burkina Faso, collected over a 44-month period. The three criteria for diagnosis of pernicious anemia were: vitamin B12 deficiency, gastric disease (gastric histology) with presence of anti-intrinsic factor, and/or anti-gastric parietal cell antibodies in serum. All patients had anemia, with a mean hemoglobin level of 8.75 g/100 mL. The average mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was 122.1 fL the average mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 39.3 pg, the mean reticulocyte count 12.069 10(9)/L reticulocytes, and the mean rate of megaloblast marrow cells 17.2%. The serum vitamin B12 level ranged from 35 to 71 pmol/L. Antibodies against intrinsic factor were found in all eight patients. All ABO blood groups were present with a predominance (4 cases) of group O. Endoscopy found a normal fundic mucosa in three patients. Histology showed gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia for six patients (85.7%). Under B12 vitamin therapy, the course was favorable in all patients; seven patients also had 10 days of iron therapy. We recommend a gastric biopsy even in the absence of macroscopic gastric lesions on the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Objective: To evaluate the vulnerability of male prisoners to HIV, risk behaviour and access to prevention., Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in july and August 2012 in Ouagadougou Prison in Burkina Faso. Two trained investigators collected data by means of individual interviews in the prison visiting room using a questionnaire administered to male inmates 18 years and older, imprisoned for more than three months. Two focus groups were conducted with prison guards and healthcare personnel., Results: A total of165 male prisoners were interviewed. The mean prison sentence was 19 months, the median age of the inmates was 28years and 45% of them were illiterate. About4% of male prisoners reported having had homosexual relations during their imprisonment. However, data indicate underreporting and denial of homosexual behaviour by prisoners. 49% of prisoners shared razors or razorblades in prison. None of the interviewees reported injected drug use or tattoos in prison. The majority (84%) of prisoners had a good knowledge of HIVjAIDS and 6% were aware of the risk of sexually transmitted infections. Only 5% of prisoners had had a screening test during their stay in prison., Conclusion: Prison conditions, homosexual behaviour and absence of condoms in prison accentuate the vulnerability of prisoners to HIV j AIDS. Implementation of a prevention programme and management HIV-positive prisoners would help to reduce significantly the risk of HIV transmission in prison.

Background: Leishmaniasis covers three well-individualized clinical variants, each due to individual species found in different geographic areas. Herein we report the first case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major involving bone marrow in an AIDS patient in Burkina Faso., Case Report: A 38-year-old HIV-positive man presented with generalized, copper-coloured, painless, infiltrated, itching, papulonodular lesions present over the previous 10 months. Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. The bone-marrow smear showed numerous leishmania. The culture was positive and L. major was identified. The patient was being treated with antiretroviral medication and a pentavalent antimonial compound. The disease progression consisted of attacks and remissions separated by an average of three weeks., Discussion: L. major is the Leishmania species identified in Burkina Faso. It is responsible for typical cutaneous leishmaniasis but particular clinical forms have been described in immunodeficient patients, especially with diffuse cutaneous involvement. The spread of L. major infection to bone marrow could represent a public health problem in our country, where the HIV epidemic is still not under control, and particular vigilance is thus called for.

Cysticercosis is an infection resulting from the larval form of the pig tapeworm, Taenia solium. The subcutaneous localizations are frequent and can have serious consequences such as neurological attacks. We report six cases among whom five men and a woman, in order to point out the severity of the disease and its possible dissemination. The patients' age was ranging from 25 to 57 years old. Three of them had neurological complications as convulsions and headaches. The nodules were painful in one case. We recommend sanitary education to eradicate the affection and to sensitize patients in order to consult physicians at early stage.

During the period of transmission of malaria, from August to November of 1993 and 1994, we conducted a study to determine the frequency of the clinical forms of severe and complicated malaria. The study involved children, from 6 months through 15 years old, admitted to the pediatric ward of the hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The criteria for inclusion followed the definition of severe malaria stated by the World Health Organization. We carefully noted the symptoms and signs on admission. Of the total of 719 children enrolled in the study, there was a prevalence of children under 5 years old. The most frequent clinical forms were those of coma (377 cases, 52.4%), prostration (268 cases, 37.3%), convulsion (152 cases, 21.4%), anemia (115 cases, 15.9%), and hypoglycemia (55 cases, 10.3%). No renal failure form was observed. We also observed the respiratory distress form (35 cases, 4.9%) and the hemorrhagic form (11 cases, 1.5%). Malaria remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Early therapeutic management of febrile attacks with chloroquine would reduce the incidence of severe and complicated malaria.

The authors report 20 haemophilic cases during a screening performed in urban area (Abidjan) in a population of 2.500 male subjects. They estimate the disease prevalence at 0.8%. The only haemophilia form identified is the A form, which does not seem to prevail in a particular ethnic group. No clinical significant particularity has been observed, otherwise.

The authors report 10 cases of Hb C Ziguinchor share out in 3 features ACz, SCz, Cz-PHHF (HPFH: hereditary persistence of foetal hemoglobin). The clinical and hematological study of the features has allowed the following conclusions: the Hb Cz is a rare mutant specific of the Negro and which original focus may be in Senegal. The heterozygote form (ACz) does not present any clinical manifestation. The association Hb S-Hb Cz brings about a serious hemoglobinopathy which has clinical and hematological features like the sickle cell disease (SS). The association Hb Cz-HPFH is relatively supported in spite of episodic painful crisis.